88. List the four categories of quality costs and one example of each.
Providing training and technical support to suppliers, design and engineering costs, quality training,
supervision, quality improvement projects.
89. Classify the following examples of quality costs as prevention (P), appraisal (A), internal failure (IF), and
external failure (EF).
the cost of repairs made under warranty
downtime caused by quality problems
costs of inspecting raw materials
costs of quality improvement projects
liability costs arising from legal actions against the seller
costs of scrap and spoilage
design and engineering costs
90. As a new manager of a production division, you have made the decision to incur more quality costs than the
previous manager of the division incurred. How can you defend quality costs to executive management?
Appraisal (detection) costs
·
Inspecting raw materials, testing goods in the manufacturing process, final product testing.
Internal failure costs
·
Rework costs, scrap costs, spoilage costs, downtime, design changes, reinspections, and disposal of
External failure costs
·
Repairs made under warranty, replacement of defective parts, product recalls, legal liability costs, lost
sales.