Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?
1)
A)
regulation of pupil size
B)
regulation of respiratory rate
C)
regulation of cardiac rate
D)
regulation of body temperature
2)
Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
2)
A)
most glands
B)
smooth muscle
C)
cardiac muscle
D)
skeletal muscle
3)
Which of the following does not describe the ANS?
3)
A)
a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
B)
involuntary nervous system
C)
general visceral motor system
D)
a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
4)
The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause
the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision.
4)
A)
abducens
B)
optic
C)
trochlear
D)
oculomotor
5)
Beta–blockers ________.
5)
A)
decrease heart rate and blood pressure
B)
are potent antidepressants
C)
increase a dangerously low heart rate
D)
have widespread sympathetic effects
6)
The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________.
6)
A)
vagus nerve
B)
sympathetic trunk
C)
phrenic nerve
D)
sacral nerve
7)
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following except ________.
7)
A)
their effectors
B)
their efferent pathways
C)
all of the neurotransmitters
D)
to some degree in target responses to their neurotransmitters
8)
Where would you not find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?
8)
A)
all postganglionic neurons
B)
skeletal muscle motor end plates
C)
adrenal medulla hormone producing cells
D)
all parasympathetic target organs
9)
The parasympathetic tone ________.
9)
A)
accelerates activity of the digestive tract
B)
causes blood pressure to rise
C)
prevents unnecessary heart deceleration
D)
determines normal activity of the urinary tract
10)
Autonomic dysreflexia ________.
10)
A)
involves uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons
B)
is also known as autonomic areflexia
C)
results from overexcitatory input from the cortex
D)
usually precedes spinal shock
11)
Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve?
11)
A)
those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers
B)
those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
C)
those that synapse with somatic fibers
D)
those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered
12)
Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ________.
12)
A)
constriction of most blood vessels
B)
increase of heart rate and force
C)
dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
D)
dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles
13)
Raynaud’s disease ________.
13)
A)
occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord
B)
is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
C)
is frequently life threatening
D)
is induced by heat stress
14)
Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all but which one of the
following?
14)
A)
synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
B)
pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
C)
synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
D)
ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
15)
Autonomic ganglia contain ________.
15)
A)
both somatic afferent and efferent neurons
B)
the cell bodies of motor neurons
C)
synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors
D)
an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons
16)
Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
16)
A)
increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
B)
elimination of urine
C)
salivation
D)
dilation of the pupils
17)
Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic function?
17)
A)
hypothalamus
B)
reticular formation
C)
midbrain
D)
medulla oblongata
18)
The “resting and digesting” division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.
18)
A)
sympathetic division
B)
peripheral nervous system
C)
parasympathetic division
D)
somatic division
Explanation:
19)
Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.
19)
A)
increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
B)
decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood
pressure
C)
increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
D)
decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
20)
The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.
20)
A)
parasympathetic innervation
B)
vagus nerve activity
C)
neurosecretory substances
D)
sympathetic stimulation
21)
Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?
21)
A)
in the cervical region
B)
in the armpit
C)
close to the visceral effectors they serve
D)
in the head
22)
Which of the following is not a plexus of the vagus nerve?
22)
A)
cardiac
B)
esophageal
C)
celiac
D)
pulmonary
23)
The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the ________.
23)
A)
tenth cranial nerve
B)
cephalic plexus
C)
pelvic nerves
D)
lumbar splanchnic nerves
24)
Erection of the penis or clitoris ________.
24)
A)
depends very little on autonomic activation
B)
is primarily under sympathetic control
C)
is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input
D)
is primarily under parasympathetic control
25)
Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?
25)
A)
alpha 1
B)
beta 3
C)
beta 2
D)
beta 1
26)
The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the ________.
26)
A)
submandibular ganglion
B)
otic ganglion
C)
ciliary ganglion
D)
pterygopalatine ganglion
27)
Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.
27)
A)
preganglionic fibers are short
B)
NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
C)
preganglionic fibers are long
D)
inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
28)
Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called
________.
28)
A)
gray rami communicantes
B)
spinal nerves
C)
white rami communicantes
D)
splanchnic nerves
29)
Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________.
29)
A)
XII
B)
V
C)
X
D)
VII
30)
Preparing the body for the “fight–or–flight” response is the role of the ________.
30)
A)
cerebrum
B)
parasympathetic nervous system
C)
somatic nervous system
D)
sympathetic nervous system
31)
Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?
31)
A)
first coccyx
B)
first thoracic
C)
second cervical
D)
third lumbar
32)
Which of the following statements is not true?
32)
A)
Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal
branching of preganglionic fibers.
B)
Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers;
parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
C)
Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
D)
Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic are close to
visceral organs served.
33)
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.
33)
A)
medulla
B)
hypothalamus
C)
thalamus
D)
cerebellum
34)
Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.
34)
A)
visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
B)
visceral arcs do not use integration centers
C)
visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
D)
somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
35)
Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.
35)
A)
inferior colliculus
B)
hypothalamus
C)
lateral horn of the spinal cord
D)
lateral geniculate of the thalamus
36)
Parasympathetic functions include ________.
36)
A)
mobilizing storage energy sources
B)
lens accommodation for close vision
C)
allowing the body to cope with an external threat
D)
a stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
37)
Sweat glands are innervated by the ________ fibers alone.
37)
Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
38)
Myelin sheath.
38)
39)
Richard has been under great stress and has complained of migraine headaches for weeks.
He tried all kinds of drugs, with little effect. When he was at the end of his rope, a friend
suggested yoga and meditation. Having nothing to lose, he tried them and after several
months, felt like a new person. How could these practices help him?
39)
40)
Carla was startled by an extremely loud bang that sounded like a gunshot. Her heartbeat
accelerated rapidly. When she found that the noise was only a car backfiring, she felt
greatly relieved but her heart kept beating heavily for over half an hour. Why did this
happen?
40)
41)
The parasympathetic division uses only ________ as a neurotransmitter in the ganglionic
neurons.
41)
42)
Describe four paths a preganglionic sympathetic fiber may take to reach its synapse point
with the ganglionic neuron.
42)
43)
The ________ receptor type is used by the heart, and when activated increases heart rate.
43)
44)
Discuss a way in which the opposing ANS systems cooperate with each other.
44)
45)
The two cholinergic receptor types are nicotonic and ________.
45)
Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
46)
Cell body of ANS preganglionic neuron.
46)
47)
Alpha and beta receptors are classes of ________ receptors.
47)
48)
How is hypertension (high blood pressure) related to the ANS?
48)
49)
What effect does aging have on the ANS?
49)