Chemistry for Changing Times, 14e (Hill/McCreary)
Chapter 14 Water
14.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Heat capacity is a measure of the heat required to
A) expand the volume of a substance.
B) evaporate a substance.
C) freeze a substance.
D) raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
2) The dramatic temperature changes on the moon between day and night are not seen on the earth
because of what property of water?
A) excellent solvent
B) less dense as a solid
C) high heat capacity
D) All of the above contribute.
3) Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to
A) evaporate a liquid.
B) condense a vapor.
C) melt a solid.
D) evaporate a solid.
4) Lakes and oceans affect climate by moderating variations in air temperature. The property of water
moderating temperature variations is its
A) density.
B) surface tension.
C) boiling point.
D) high heat of vaporization.
5) Water’s unique properties, including its high heat capacity, high density, and a solid phase that is less
dense than its liquid phase, can best be attributed to
A) its formula, H2O.
B) the covalent oxygen-hydrogen bonds in the molecule.
C) the shape of the molecule.
D) the polarity of the molecule and hydrogen bonding between the molecules.
6) Which of the following is NOT a property of water?
A) It has a higher density in the liquid state than in the solid state.
B) It has a lower density than most liquids do.
C) It dissolves most ionic substances.
D) It has a high specific heat.
7) Water commonly exists in large amounts in which of the following physical states?
A) gaseous
B) liquid
C) solid
D) Water exists in large amounts in all of the above.
8) The saltiness of the oceans is
A) decreasing slowly.
B) increasing slowly.
C) increasing rapidly.
D) constant.
9) Approximately what fraction of the earth’s surface is covered with water?
A) 50%
B) 95%
C) 75%
D) 15%
10) What percentage of water on the earth is seawater, and hence, unfit for drinking?
A) 2%
B) 25%
C) 45%
D) 98%
11) What percentage of water on the earth is fresh water?
A) 2%
B) 25%
C) 45%
D) 98%
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12) The majority of fresh water is found in
A) lakes.
B) groundwater.
C) polar ice caps.
D) rivers and streams.
13) Contaminated water supplies and lack of adequate sanitation kill approximately ________ people
worldwide each year.
A) 3,600,000
B) 100,000
C) 1,000,000
D) 500,000
14) Rivers constitute ________ percent of the surface water and other freshwater.
A) 3.5
B) 0.49
C) 20
D) 40
15) ________ million people on earth do not have access to adequate quantities of fresh water.
A) 100
B) 300
C) 875
D) 475
16) The water cycle acts to purify water by
A) evaporation and condensation.
B) crystallization (freeze-thaw cycle).
C) filtration.
D) All of these act to purify water.
17) Rainwater is
A) slightly acidic because it reacts with dissolved CO2 gas.
B) slightly basic because it reacts with dissolved CO2 gas.
C) slightly acidic because it reacts with dissolved radon gas.
D) slightly basic because it reacts with dissolved radon gas.
18) A characteristic of a lake dying from acidification is that the only surviving fish are
A) old.
B) young.
C) female.
D) male.
19) All of the following statements are true of hard water EXCEPT
A) it contains calcium salts.
B) it contains iron salts.
C) it contains only Na+ and K+ ions.
D) it forms an insoluble scum with soap.
20) Soft water contains relatively large concentrations of
A) iron ions.
B) magnesium ions.
C) potassium ions.
D) calcium ions.
21) Which part of the water supply is most isolated from the purifying capacity of the water cycle?
A) ice caps
B) groundwater
C) surface water
D) oceans
22) The most serious threat to human health from water supplies is
A) bacteria.
B) chlorinated hydrocarbons.
C) heavy metals.
D) nitrates.
23) Which of these common human activities contribute to BOD?
A) dumping detergents in a lake or pond
B) swimming in a lake or pond
C) paddling a boat across a lake or pond
D) fishing in a lake or pond
24) Super bugs are
A) insects that can fly for a long time.
B) organisms that are resistant to antibiotics.
C) insects that are resistant to bug killer.
D) insects that can fly to high altitudes.
25) Algae bloom can be stimulated on a lake or pond by
A) runoff of fertilizers from crops and lawns.
B) fishing.
C) acid rain.
D) basic rain.
26) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of the amount of
A) dissolved oxygen in a water sample.
B) dissolved biochemical oxygen in a water sample.
C) oxygen required to degrade organic material in the water.
D) oxygen required by aquatic life in a water sample.
27) Aerobic decomposition of organic matter requires
A) oxygen.
B) nitrogen.
C) magnesium.
D) water.
28) Anaerobic degradation of organic material in water systems occurs in the absence of
A) dissolved oxygen.
B) dissolved nitrogen.
C) nutrients.
D) sunlight.
29) As the amount of organic material in a water system increases, the BOD
A) decreases.
B) remains constant.
C) increases.
D) cannot be predicted.
30) Which substance is likely to be produced when the dissolved oxygen in a lake is depleted?
A) methane
B) hydrogen
C) nitrite
D) bicarbonate
31) Pathogenic is
A) disease-causing.
B) an antibiotic.
C) a cure for a disease.
D) a virus.
32) Dissolved oxygen is added to streams and rivers by
A) aerobic bacteria.
B) waterfalls and rapids.
C) decaying algae.
D) fertilizer runoff.
33) Which company’s industrial waste water would have a relatively high BOD?
A) Tasty Tomato Canning Company
B) Shameless Stripper Coal Mine
C) Bullworks Ammonia Company
D) Spotless Steel Works, Inc.
34) Under aerobic conditions, the carbon in decaying vegetation in a lake ends up primarily as
A) methane, CH4.
B) cyanide, CN–.
C) carbon monoxide, CO.
D) carbon dioxide, CO2.
35) Algae growth and death in a lake can increase the BOD of the water. This process is called
A) oxidation.
B) fertilization.
C) eutrophication.
D) regeneration.
36) Lakes and streams with limestone rock bottoms are less susceptible to
A) high levels of BOD.
B) anaerobic organisms.
C) acidification.
D) low DO.
37) Lakes and streams with granite rock bottoms are more susceptible to
A) high levels of BOD.
B) anaerobic organisms.
C) acidification.
D) low DO.
38) The metal ion found in clays and other minerals that appears to be deadly to young fish is ________.
A) potassium
B) strontium
C) aluminum
D) sodium
39) Acid rain contains
A) potassium carbonate.
B) sulfuric acid.
C) boric acid.
D) potassium chloride.
40) The effects of acid rain include all of the following EXCEPT
A) algal blooms in lakes.
B) clear and sparkling lake water.
C) corrosion of the finish on automobiles.
D) release of toxic ions from rocks and soil.
41) A lake that has a foul odor has most likely undergone
A) aerobic decay.
B) anaerobic decay.
C) eutrophication.
D) parthenogenesis.
42) Acidic water is neutralized when ________ is present.
A) sulfur dioxide
B) limestone
C) hydrogen iodide
D) methane
43) At any given time, what proportion of the world’s hospital beds are occupied by people with
waterborne diseases?
A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 80%
44) Many wells in the United States are contaminated with the gasoline additive,
A) lead.
B) methyl tert-butyl ether.
C) octane.
D) chlorofluorocarbons.
45) Along with fertilizers which increase BOD, which class of agricultural chemicals often contaminate
water?
A) toxic metal
B) crude oil
C) pesticides
D) radioisotopes
46) Volatile organic compounds (VOC) make up one category of contaminants in groundwater. Which
one of the following is NOT a VOC?
A) mica
B) chloroform
C) toluene
D) benzene
47) A volatile organic compound that is widely used as a dry-cleaning solvent and degreasing compound
and is now found in trace amounts in groundwater is
A) methane.
B) benzene.
C) formic acid.
D) trichloroethylene.
48) A contaminant in well water in many areas is
A) nitrates.
B) butanol.
C) silver.
D) carbonates.
49) Consumption of water with high levels of nitrate is particularly hazardous to
A) infants.
B) males.
C) females.
D) elderly.
50) A major source of groundwater contamination is leaking underground storage tanks. Most of these
tanks once held
A) CFCs.
B) gasoline.
C) nitrates.
D) ozone.
51) Which of the following is a characteristic of zeolites that enables them to clean up and conserve
water?
A) They contain silver atoms.
B) They are catalysts and are easily removed.
C) They reduce the amount of water that can be remediated.
D) They have large pores that are greater than 100 nm in diameter.
52) Zeolites can be modified to remove heavy metal from drinking water. How is this accomplished?
A) The pore size in the zeolite is made smaller.
B) The pore size in the zeolite is increased.
C) Sodium and potassium ions are bound to the zeolite structure.
D) Calcium and magnesium cations are replaced with sodium and potassium cations.
53) All of the following atoms are found in the framework of naturally occurring zeolites EXCEPT
A) aluminum.
B) neon.
C) oxygen.
D) silicon.
54) Which of the following uses the greatest amount of water in the United States?
A) agricultural irrigation
B) cooling for electric power plants
C) industrial manufacturing
D) public water supplies
55) Which of the following human activities contribute significantly to increased water pollution?
A) oil spills
B) releasing industrial wastes
C) pouring household chemicals, outdated medicines, etc. down the drain
D) All of these contribute significantly to water pollution.