Chapter 13 – The Respiratory System
1. Where is cellular metabolism carried out within cells?
a.
endoplasmic reticulum
b.
mitochondria
c.
nucleus
d.
ribosomes
e.
plasma membrane
b
13.1 Respiratory Anatomy
HUPH.SHER.16.13.1.1 – Describe the two processes involved in respiration
2. What is the respiratory quotient (RQ)?
a.
The ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed
b.
The ratio of O2 produced to CO2 consumed
c.
The ratio of CO2 produced to ATP consumed
d.
The ratio of O2 produced to ATP consumed
e.
The ratio of ADP produced to ATP consumed
a
13.1 Respiratory Anatomy
HUPH.SHER.16.13.1.1 – Describe the two processes involved in respiration
3. What is the average respiratory quotient (RQ) based on the typical American diet?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
e
13.1 Respiratory Anatomy
HUPH.SHER.16.13.1.1 – Describe the two processes involved in respiration
4. What happens to angiotensin II in the blood as it passes through the lungs?
a.
It is converted to aldosterone.
b.
It is converted to renin.
c.
It is destroyed.
d.
It is activated.
e.
It is inactivated.
d
HUPH.SHER.16.13.1.2 – List seven nonrespiratory functions of the respiratory system.
5. What are the two tubes that lead from the pharynx?
Chapter 13 – The Respiratory System
a.
larynx and bronchus
b.
trachea and larynx
c.
trachea and esophagus
d.
nasal tube and esophagus
e.
bronchus and bronchiole
c
13.1 Respiratory Anatomy
HUPH.SHER.16.13.1.3 – Describe the anatomy of the respiratory system
6. Approximately how many alveoli do the lungs contain?
a.
50 million
b.
500 million
c.
5 billion
d.
50 billion
e.
500 billion
13.1 Respiratory Anatomy
HUPH.SHER.16.13.1.4 – Explain why lungs are ideally structured for gas exchange
7. What is the atmospheric (barometric) pressure at sea level?
a.
660 mm Hg
b.
700 mm Hg
c.
720 mm Hg
d.
760 mm Hg
e.
860 mm Hg
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
8. The abnormal condition of air in the pleural cavity is known as:
a.
pleurisy
b.
lung cancer
c.
pneumothorax
d.
pulmonary edema
e.
congestive failure
c
close apposition
9. What nerve innervates the diaphragm?
a.
phrenic
b.
vagus
c.
intercostal
d.
T10
e.
T8
a
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
HUPH.SHER.16.13.2.3 – Describe the changes that occur during one respiratory cycle
10. What are the most important expiratory muscles?
a.
muscles of the abdominal wall
b.
intercostal muscle
c.
diaphragm
d.
lumber muscles
e.
inner pelvic muscles
a
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
HUPH.SHER.16.13.2.3 – Describe the changes that occur during one respiratory cycle
11. Profound constriction of the smaller airways caused by trigger-induced spasm of the smooth muscle in the walls of
these airways causes what COPD?
a.
pleurisy
b.
chronic bronchitis
c.
emphysema
d.
pulmonary edema
e.
asthma
e
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
12. A breakdown of alveolar walls is a characterization of what COPD?
a.
pleurisy
b.
chronic bronchitis
c.
emphysema
d.
pulmonary edema
e.
asthma
c
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
HUPH.SHER.16.13.2.5 – Discuss three chronic (long-term) diseases associated with chronic
13. What condition is characterized by normal lung tissue being replaced with scar-forming fibrous connective tissue as a
result of exposure to asbestos fibers or similar irritants?
a.
pleurisy
b.
chronic bronchitis
c.
emphysema
d.
pulmonary fibrosis
e.
asthma
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
HUPH.SHER.16.13.2.6 – Discuss two factors responsible for the elasticity of the lungs
14. Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins secreted by:
a.
type I alveolar cells
b.
type II alveolar cells
c.
type III alveolar cells
d.
type I bronchial cells
e.
type II bronchial cells
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
HUPH.SHER.16.13.2.7 – Specify the contribution of pulmonary surfactant to lung stability
15. What percentage of the total energy expended by the body is used for quiet breathing?
a.
1%
b.
3%
c.
5%
d.
8%
e.
10%
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
16. During strenuous exercise, what percentage of the body’s energy is used for increased ventilation?
a.
5%
b.
8%
c.
10%
d.
15%
e.
20%
a
obstructive pulmonary disease
17. The changes in lung volume that occur with different respiratory efforts can be determined by a:
a.
breath-o-lizer
b.
inspirogram
c.
breathmeter
d.
spirometer
e.
exhalogram
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
HUPH.SHER.16.13.2.9 – Given a spirogram, determine lung volumes and capacities
18. What is the typical tidal volume under resting conditions for adults?
a.
1,500 mL
b.
1,200 mL
c.
1,000 mL
d.
800 mL
e.
500 mL
e
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
HUPH.SHER.16.13.2.9 – Given a spirogram, determine lung volumes and capacities
19. What is the maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold when healthy?
a.
3,600 mL
b.
4,700 mL
c.
5,700 mL
d.
6,500 mL
e.
7,500 mL
c
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
HUPH.SHER.16.13.2.9 – Given a spirogram, determine lung volumes and capacities
20. What is the average respiratory rate under resting conditions for most people?
a.
7 breaths per minute
b.
9 breaths per minute
c.
12 breaths per minute
d.
16 breaths per minute
e.
20 breaths per minute
c
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
21. What is arteriolar and bronchiolar smooth muscle especially sensitive to in their immediate environments?
a.
O2 levels
b.
CO2 levels
c.
surfactant levels
d.
pH
e.
glucose
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
HUPH.SHER.16.13.2.11 – Explain why alveolar dead space is minimal in healthy individuals
22. How much oxygen does atmospheric air have?
a.
15%
b.
17%
c.
19%
d.
21%
e.
25%
13.3 Gas Exchange
between the lungs and tissues
23. Aside from oxygen, atmospheric air mainly consists of:
a.
nitrogen
b.
hydrogen
c.
helium
d.
neon
e.
carbon dioxide
a
13.3 Gas Exchange
24. The individual pressure exerted independently by a particular gas within a mixture of gases is known as its:
a.
passive pressure
b.
active pressure
c.
partial pressure
d.
incomplete pressure
e.
maximum pressure
13.2 Respiratory Mechanics
Chapter 13 – The Respiratory System
13.3 Gas Exchange
HUPH.SHER.16.13.3.1 – Define partial pressure and partial pressure gradient
25. What is the partial pressure of O2 in atmospheric air?
a.
180 mm Hg
b.
175 mm Hg
c.
170 mm Hg
d.
165 mm Hg
e.
160 mm Hg
13.3 Gas Exchange
HUPH.SHER.16.13.3.1 – Define partial pressure and partial pressure gradient
26. At the end of inspiration, how much of the air in the alveoli is fresh air?
a.
about 3%
b.
about 5%
c.
about 8%
d.
about 10%
e.
about 13%
13.3 Gas Exchange
27. What are three diseases that increase the thickness of the barrier separating the air and blood?
a.
pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumonia
b.
pulmonary edema, lung cancer, and asthma
c.
pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and pneumonia
d.
pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, and asthma
e.
asthma, bronchitis, emphysema
13.3 Gas Exchange
28. What are the only two places in the entire circulatory system at which gas exchange can take place?
a.
pulmonary and cardiac capillaries
b.
pulmonary and the systemic capillaries
c.
bronchioles and alveoli
d.
arterial and venous capillaries
Chapter 13 – The Respiratory System
e.
arteries and veins
13.3 Gas Exchange
29. What percentage of the O2 in the blood is dissolved?
a.
0%
b.
0.5%
c.
1.5%
d.
5%
e.
15%
c
13.4 Gas Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.13.4.1 – Describe the two forms of oxygen present in the blood
30. The most important factor determining the percentage of hemoglobin saturation is the:
a.
systemic blood pressure
b.
diastolic blood pressure
c.
pH of the blood
d.
PCO2 of the blood
e.
PO2 of the blood
e
13.4 Gas Transport
31. If hemoglobin levels fall by half, what happens to the O2 carrying capacity of the blood?
a.
remains the same
b.
doubles
c.
drop by 25%
d.
drops by 50%
e.
drops by 75%
13.4 Gas Transport
32. The influence of CO2 and acid on the release of O2 from hemoglobin is known as the:
a.
Frank effect
Chapter 13 – The Respiratory System
b.
Bohr effect
c.
Fick’s constant
d.
Boyle’s law
e.
dissociation curve
Bloom’s: Remember
13.4 Gas Transport
33. Most CO2 is transported in the blood as:
a.
bicarbonate
b.
bound to hemoglobin
c.
dissolved in plasma
d.
carbon monoxide
e.
water
a
Bloom’s: Remember
13.4 Gas Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.13.4.5 – Describe the three ways in which CO2 is transported in the blood
34. What is the medical term for difficult or labored breathing?
a.
asthma
b.
hyperpnea
c.
dyspnea
d.
cyanosis
e.
hypoxia
c
Bloom’s: Remember
13.4 Gas Transport
35. What is the primary respiratory control center called?
a.
brain stem control center
b.
medullary respiratory center
c.
pulmonary control center
d.
alveolar modulator
e.
respiratory modulator
Bloom’s: Remember
13.5 Control of Respiration
HUPH.SHER.16.13.5.1 – Describe the respiratory control centers in the brain stem
36. Generation of respiratory rhythm is now known to lie in the:
Chapter 13 – The Respiratory System
a.
medullary respiratory center
b.
pneumotaxic center
c.
respiratory modulator
d.
pre-Bötzinger complex
e.
apneustic center
13.5 Control of Respiration
HUPH.SHER.16.13.5.1 – Describe the respiratory control centers in the brain stem
37. Where are the central chemoreceptors located?
a.
aortic bodies
b.
carotid bodies
c.
lungs
d.
pons
e.
medulla
e
13.5 Control of Respiration
38. How much can alveolar ventilation increase during heavy exercise in order to keep pace with the increased demand
for O2 uptake and CO2 output?
a.
2-fold
b.
5-fold
c.
10-fold
d.
20-fold
e.
50-fold
13.5 Control of Respiration
HUPH.SHER.16.13.5.3 – Discuss the relationship between exercise and ventilation
39. Hiccups occur when involuntary, spasmodic contractions take place in what muscle?
a.
chest muscles
b.
abdominal muscles
c.
intercostal muscles
d.
bronchioles
e.
diaphragm
e
13.5 Control of Respiration
HUPH.SHER.16.13.5.3 – Discuss the relationship between exercise and ventilation
40. What are the two biggest risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome?
a.
stomach sleeping and exposure to nicotine
b.
side sleeping and exposure to nicotine
c.
lack of sleep and exposure to carbon monoxide
d.
exposure to nicotine and alcohol
e.
exposure to alcohol and ammonia
a
13.5 Control of Respiration
HUPH.SHER.16.13.5.4 – Contrast apnea with dyspnea
41. The term external respiration refers to the entire sequence of events in exchange of O2 and CO2 between the external
environment and tissue cells.
a.
True
b.
False
True
13.1 Respiratory Anatomy
HUPH.SHER.16.13.1.1 – Describe the two processes involved in respiration
42. Beyond the larynx, the trachea divides into two main branches, the right and left bronchi.
a.
True
b.
False
True
13.1 Respiratory Anatomy
HUPH.SHER.16.13.1.3 – Describe the anatomy of the respiratory system
43. In addition to the thin, wall-forming Type IV cells, 50% of the alveolar surface epithelium is covered by Type III
alveolar cells.
a.
True
b.
False
False
13.1 Respiratory Anatomy
HUPH.SHER.16.13.1.4 – Explain why lungs are ideally structured for gas exchange
44. A double-walled, closed sac called the pleural sac separates each lung from the thoracic wall and other surrounding
structures.
a.
True
b.
False
True
13.1 Respiratory Anatomy
HUPH.SHER.16.13.1.4 – Explain why lungs are ideally structured for gas exchange
45. Emphysema is a long-term inflammatory condition of the lower respiratory airways, generally triggered by frequent
exposure to irritating cigarette smoke, polluted air, or allergens.
a.
True
b.
False
False
46. The lungs’ elastic behavior results from elastin fibers and alveolar surface tension.
a.
True
b.
False
True
47. The tremendous surface tension of pure water is normally counteracted by pulmonary surfactant.
a.
True
b.
False
True
48. When elastic recoil is decreased, as with asthma, passive expiration may be inadequate to expel the volume of air
normally exhaled during quiet breathing.
a.
True
b.
False
True
49. Inspiratory volume is the minimum volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a maximal expiration.
a.
True
b.
False
False
50. Anatomic dead space greatly affects the efficiency of pulmonary ventilation.
a.
True