1. Since all societies must maintain social order, they all have:
a. legislatures.
b. elected officials.
c. mechanisms of social control.
d. permanent armies.
e. standing military.
2. Band societies are usually:
a. settled populations.
b. tightly organized under hereditary leaders.
c. found to have considerable political integration.
d. highly egalitarian.
e. food producers.
3. Thequote“Hecarrieshisownloadandisasthinastherest”referstotheleaderofa:
a. band.
b. chiefdom.
c. horticultural tribe.
d. state.
e. pastoral tribe.
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
4. Tribal societies are usually associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a. food production.
b. horticulturalists.
c. pastoralists.
d. tribal associations.
e. the least amount of political organization.
5. A pan-tribal mechanism is an organization:
a. to which all the men belong.
b. to which all the women belong.
c. cutting across and integrating local segments of the tribe into a larger whole.
d. integrating all tribes from a region into a larger group.
e. integrating local cultural groups into a larger form of social organization.
6. Which kinship organization in tribal societies most commonly serves as the pan-tribal mechanism of integration?
a. Moiety
b. Phratry
c. Clan
d. Nuclear family
e. Extended family
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
7. Which statement about pan-tribal mechanisms is true?
a. They serve to segregate local tribal segments.
b. They serve to integrate local tribal segments.
c. They are the same as extended families.
d. They are permanent political fixtures.
e. They are permanent forms of social control.
8. The European colonial powers:
a. only founded colonies in societies with long histories as chiefdoms.
b. never found chiefs to be associated with supernatural powers.
c. eliminated traditional chiefs because they interfered with colonial administration.
d. created chiefs where none had previously existed in order to facilitate administration of local populations.
e. recognized local chiefs and used them in order to create orderly societies that were subordinated to European
administrations.
9. Which statement about chiefdoms is NOT true?
a. Chiefs are involved with economic activities through redistribution.
b. Chiefs tend to have centralized power.
c. Chiefs hold permanent positions.
d. In chiefdoms, political authority is likely to reside in one individual.
e. Chiefdoms are rarely hereditary.
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
10. Why did the state emerge as a political form approximately 10,000 years ago?
a. State societies developed because of the needs of agricultural intensification.
b. State societies developed because of the need for protection and strength in numbers.
c. The introduction of intensive agriculture created food surpluses, which allowed some individuals to engage in
new occupational roles.
d. State societies developed because of dependence on irrigation.
e. There are multiple possible reasons for state development; likely, states developed for different reasons in
different places.
11. Anthropologist Anthony Paredes found that all of the following were ways that the Poarch Indians worked to
maintain their identity as Native Americans EXCEPT:
a. they were able to corroborate and connect contemporary accounts with archival materials that provided
historical depth.
b. they maintained a separate religion and their own autonomy within the state of Arkansas.
c. they provided ethnographic data that supported their claim to be a Native American tribe.
d. they maintained continuous and viable political leadership within the tribe over the past 100 years.
e. they petitioned the federal government to be recognized legally as a tribe.
12. As a complex form of political organization, a state society:
a. always relies on supernatural sanctions to maintain social order.
b. maintains the exclusive right to use force and physical coercion.
c. maintains its authority by brute force alone.
d. has the least amount of deviation from the norms.
e. is the least centralized government of all types of human societies.
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
13. The characteristics of state systems of government include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. specialized political roles.
b. large bureaucratic organizations.
c. organizations with a supra-kinship basis.
d. minimum surplus of resources.
e. a complex system of internal distribution and foreign trade.
14. A nation refers to a group of people who frequently share all of the following EXCEPT:
a. kinship.
b. symbolic identity.
c. culture.
d. history.
e. religion.
15. The redistributive mode of distribution is predominantly found in:
a. band societies.
b. chiefdoms.
c. state societies.
d. segmentary lineage societies.
e. horticultural societies.
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
16. Societies with intensive agriculture are most often:
a. state societies.
b. chiefdoms.
c. tribal societies.
d. band societies.
e. horticultural societies.
17. The Poarch Creek Indians are located in which southern state?
a. Georgia
b. Florida
c. Alabama
d. Texas
e. North Carolina
18. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Women are increasingly holding high political office and soon will hold up to 40 percent of political positions
worldwide.
b. Only in Western nations have women ever held any type of high political office.
c. Although women in Western societies have made tremendous gains in holding political office, they never hold
office in tribes and chiefdoms.
d. Across the spectrum and as a norm, women rarely hold important political positions.
e. Cross-culturally, women are always placed within advisory roles in the political structure.
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
19. What do the Kurds living in Turkey, the French living in Canada, and the Chechens living in Russia all have in
common?
a. They all share the same religion.
b. They are all seeking statehood or expanded autonomy.
c. They are all at the same level of economic development.
d. They are all tribal societies.
e. They all speak the same languages.
20. The global trend over the last several decades has been toward:
a. a greater number of democracies.
b. a greater number of autocracies.
c. fewer free elections of political leaders.
d. greater repression of opposition political parties.
e. the evolution of a non-state social system.
21. Whatisa“headless”society?
a. A society that has no form of social or political control
b. A society that has no political leader
c. A society that is without strict moral codes
d. A society that has no formal recognition at the state level
e. A society that is virtual and not geographically located
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
22. What do we call a political system that involves popular participation in decision making?
a. Fascism
b. Communism
c. Democracy
d. Autocracy
e. Populism
23. Deviance:
a. is an absolute defined in the same way by all cultures.
b. is more likely to occur in acephalous societies than in state societies.
c. refers to the violation of social norms.
d. has nothing to do with social control.
e. is a psychological state that has political repercussions.
24. Although there has been a trend toward increasing democracies, all of the following were reported in 2012
EXCEPT:
a. there was more persecution of dissidents and journalists worldwide.
b. the regions of the Middle East and North Africa faced more declines than gains in recent years.
c. the area of Central Africa showed great gains in democracy and a decline in violence.
d. despite the hopefulness of the “Arab Spring,” most governments responded with repression.
e. global declines in freedom outweighed gains.
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
25. The term used to define what a society considers an expected way of behavior is called:
a. social control.
b. political control.
c. deviance.
d. corporate lineage.
e. social norms.
26. Aspectatorbeginstocriticizearefereeatabaseballgamebyyellingout,“Doyouknowtherules?Can’tyousee?
Doyouneedsomehelp,Ref?”andthepeoplearoundthespectatorbegintocastsourlooksbackathimfor
disturbing the event. This is an example of:
a. positive, formal sanctions.
b. negative, formal sanctions.
c. positive, informal sanctions.
d. negative, informal sanctions.
e. none of these choices
27. Corporate lineages function effectively to maintain social control because of all of the following EXCEPT:
a. they have power to control the economic well-being of their members.
b. they allow individuals to make their own marriage decisions.
c. they are socially intimate.
d. they have diffuse roles.
e. members derive their primary identity from them.
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
28. Social control in small-scale headless societies is maintained by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. socialization.
b. intermediaries.
c. corporate lineage structures.
d. positive sanctions.
e. codified laws.
29. Bands and tribes are politically associated with each of the following EXCEPT:
a. a small number of specialized political roles.
b. a high level of political integration.
c. little political coerciveness.
d. an absence of formal governmental structures.
e. informal mechanisms of social control.
30. Any means used to enforce compliance with the rules and norms of a society is called:
a. ordeals.
b. sanctions.
c. political coerciveness.
d. moots.
e. corporate discipline.
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
31. The use of inborn, involuntary, and often unconscious powers to cause harm to other people is called:
a. socialization.
b. witchcraft.
c. ordeals.
d. sorcery.
e. shamanism.
32. Age set systems serve as mechanisms of social control because:
a. they are associated with a belief that social deviance will cause one to suffer in the afterlife.
b. onlymembersofanindividual’sownagesethaveanyauthorityoverhim.
c. the members always spend a lot of time drinking together.
d. individuals’initiationsalmostalwaysincludeanintenseperiodoftraininginthenormsandvaluesofthe
society.
e. individuals are socially considered to be a corporate lineage group because they have been socialized as a
group since birth.
33. Which of the following is the primary mechanism that corporate lineage societies use to control and manage the
marriage process?
a. Residence after marriage
b. Degradation ceremonies
c. Ancestor worship
d. Remarriage compensation
e. Bridewealth payment
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
34. How are song duels adaptive among the Inuit?
a. The song duel allows Inuit to teach young children the epic stories of their ancestors.
b. Through song battles, the Inuit orchestrate very specific corporal types of punishment.
c. Through means of verbal dexterity the Inuit are able to publicly deride someone guilty of transgression.
d. The song duels are used because the Inuit cannot carry weapons and have no way to punish each other.
e. The song duels wear out the participants through singing and it diminishes a great deal of conflict.
35. All of the following are associated with moots EXCEPT:
a. grievances are aired very publicly and in great detail.
b. only the aggrieved party uses a lawyer to represent the case for them.
c. the primary control of the moot is in the hands of the disputants themselves.
d. all parties to the conflict sit together in shared space.
e. they are held in the homes of the complainants.
36. A Leopard-Skin Chief among the Nuer:
a. servesasamediatorbetweenavictim’sfamilyandthefamilyofamurderer.
b. serves as judge and jury in criminal and civil cases.
c. serves as a judge to determine guilt, but has no authority to determine punishment.
d. has authority to impose a settlement on the disputing parties.
e. can inflict punishment on the individual who has carried out a crime.
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl
37. “Verbaldexterity”isespeciallyimportantinwhichformofsocialcontrol?
a. Ancestor worship
b. Ghostly invocation
c. Intermediaries
d. Warfare
e. Song duel
38. Inanagegradedsociety,seniorelders’primaryroleisas:
a. adjudicators of crimes.
b. officers in the military.
c. social advisors.
d. mediators of small disputes.
e. foot soldiers in the military.
39. Moots are:
a. found in most Asian societies.
b. formal public courts that decide cases involving the breaking of written laws.
c. formal settlements of disputes involving only kinsmen of the litigants.
d. informal announcements of disputes involving kinsmen and friends of the litigants.
e. social aggregations in which ancestors participate.
Chapter13—PoliticalOrganizationandSocialControl