1. ____________ aim to change the social environment to meet the needs of the population as a whole and are
carried out by influencing social policy.
a. Direct community services
b. Indirect community services
c. Community organization services
d. Community counseling services
2. Direct client services focus on:
a. outreach activities.
b. client advocacy.
c. consultation.
d. influencing policymakers.
3. Counselors who base their practice on aspirational ethics oppose all forms of :
a. community services.
b. discrimination and oppression.
c. client support systems.
d. codes of ethics.
Chapter13—CommunityandSocialJusticePerspectives
4. Nakita is an African-American mother with four children who has had difficulty finding housing in a safe community.
Lisa, her social worker, suspects that racial discrimination is involved and takes Nakita to sites that she has
previously screened for availability. In this case, Lisa is acting as an:
a. evaluator.
b. adviser.
c. advocate.
d. ombudsman.
5. In this role, counselors assist clients in recognizing oppressive forces in the community as a source of their problem
and teach their clients strategies for developing political power to bring about change in the clients’ social and
physical environment.
a. Change agent
b. Consultant
c. Adviser
d. Ombudsman
6. Counselors can encourage ethnic minority clients to learn skills they can use to interact successfully with various
forces in their community by acting as their:
a. advocate.
b. broker.
c. adviser.
d. consultant.
7. Tony, a recently relocated Mexican-American man, is seeking help from a Spanish-speaking organization designed to
meet the needs of newly arriving legal immigrants. Tony is quite depressed, but reluctant to talk to his counselor
about his problems. The counselor refers him to an indigenous resource who is more likely to be trusted by Tony. He
was most likely referred to:
a. a paraprofessional worker.
b. either religious leaders and institutions, energy healers, or respected community leaders.
c. an intern from a counseling program.
d. a community organizer.
8. Chong is a legal immigrant who is having post-traumatic stress symptoms as a result of his experiences in Laos. He
may be reluctant to use the available counseling recourses because of all the following reasons EXCEPT:
a. he harbors the attitude that he should be able to take charge of his own life.
b. he may perceive the resources as culturally insensitive.
c. he may be reluctant to recognize his problems.
d. his access is easy to understand and figure out.
9. The ____________ is relevant to all communities, but it is particularly relevant to underserved communities. By
addressingthecauseoftheproblemwithinthecommunity,wecanhelpchangethelivesofmanyindividuals—not
just the one person sitting in our office or clinic.
a. community workers
b. community agencies
c. community approach
d. community work
10. Many professionals struggle with the issue of how to work within a system while retaining their dignity, vitality, and
convictions. The most important component in any effort to bring about change is to:
a. engage in honest self-examination to determine the degree to which the “system” is actually a hindrance.
b. start the process of changing the system by speaking to the director of the organization.
c. make assumptions about the reasons for the problems in the organization.
d. scold those who appear to be at the root of the problem.
11. ____________includeanyinstitution—publicorprivate,nonprofitorforprofit—designedtoprovideawide
range of social and psychological services to the community.
a. Community perspective
b. Community workers
c. Community agencies
d. Community work
12. _____________ is a diverse pool of human-service workers whose primary duties include serving individuals within
the community in a variety of community groups and includes social workers, community organizers and developers,
clinical mental health counselors, psychologists, psychiatrists, nurses, counselors, couples and family therapists,
artists, activists, clergy persons, human-service workers with varying degrees of education and training, and residents
involved in the community.
a. Community perspective
b. Community workers
c. Community agencies
d. Community work
13. In regards to advocacy competencies, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Ethical practice requires counselors to assume an advocacy role that is focused on affecting public opinion,
public policy, and legislation.
b. Practitioners need to develop an awareness of their own beliefs and attitudes regarding social issues and
marginalized populations, the scope of their knowledge, and their level of skill at intervening within the
different domains of advocacy.
c. Multicultural competence is essential in understanding the cultural relevance and appropriateness of advocacy
interventions as counselors bring their own attitudes and beliefs to the sociopolitical history of their
communities.
d. Counselors who have a social justice advocacy perspective demonstrate minimal leadership abilities and do
not understand the importance of speaking out.
14. The goal of counseling from a social justice perspective is:
a. to promote the empowerment of people who are marginalized and oppressed in our society.
b. to study each agency’s philosophy and policies.
c. to be prepared to conduct intensive medical treatment.
d. to promote the empowerment of people who are not marginalized and oppressed.
15. A ____________ focuses on problems to be solved and holes to fill. It is concerned more with maintaining rather
than changing conditions and is oriented toward fixing problems rather than preventing them. A service orientation
relies on experts and reinforces power imbalances, whereas a developmental approach relies on partnerships and
equalizes power relationships.
a. developmental approach
b. community approach
c. service approach
d. individual approach
16. ____________ is “a comprehensive helping framework that is grounded in multicultural competence and oriented
toward social justice.” The focus of community work is on preventing rather than remediating.
a. Community agencies
b. Community counseling
c. Community perspective
d. Community workers
17. Mario’s job entails going to middle schools within the county to run counseling groups for students identified as having
the potential for aggression. He is providing:
a. direct client services.
b. indirect client services.
c. direct community services.
d. indirect community services.
18. Prevention programs that help people develop a wider range of competencies, such as interpersonal skills training or
marriage education, are considered:
a. direct client services.
b. indirect client services.
c. direct community services.
d. indirect community services.
19. The process of systemic change can be defined as:
a. increasing personal awareness and making better choices for oneself.
b. increasing public awareness, affecting public policy, and influencing legislation.
c. an impossible and futile goal.
d. replacing one system or method with a new and improved system or method, which is relatively easy to do.
20. ____________ involves access and equity to ensure full participation in the life of a society, particularly for those
who have been systematically excluded on the basis of race/ethnicity, gender, age, physical or mental disability,
education, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, or other characteristics of background or group membership and
involves addressing the realities of oppression, privilege, and social inequities.
a. Case management
b. Ego-psychology
c. Social interest
d. Social justice
21. The ___________ perspective, when working with marginalized groups in our society, is most enhanced (a) when
mental health professionals can understand how individual and systemic world views shape clinical practice and (b)
when they are equipped with organizational and system knowledge, expertise, and skills.
a. social justice
b. case management
c. ego-psychology
d. social interest
22. Counselors ____________ when they use their skills in helping clients challenge institutional barriers that impede
their personal, social, academic, or career goals.
a. are overstepping their boundaries
b. function as advocates
c. are widely seen as hypocrites
d. are going above and beyond their role requirements
23. Cultural mediators in a school system do NOT serve which of the following functions?
a. Communicating with families and community organizations regarding marital issues and abuse
b. Facilitating access to community resources and social service agencies
c. Creating and encouraging a supportive and culturally diverse school and community climate
d. Serving as an information hub for culturally diverse families
24. Social justice is referred to as a ____________, which entails a paradigm shift beyond the individual and represents
a proactive concern with advocacy and social change and focuses on changing systems and policies on multiple
levels.
a. community orientation
b. systems inequity
c. fifth force
d. social change
25. The foundation of all ethical practice is promoting the welfare of clients. To overlook the abilities, strengths, and
resources within the community is doing a great disservice to the individuals we serve. If we hope to bring about
significant changes within individuals and communities, we:
a. need to use community resources as a way to quicken therapy.
b. must change the people who are affected by these conditions so they will accept them.
c. need to change conditions that affect people rather than merely changing people who are affected by these
conditions.
d. must not work with client problems in their cultural context.
26. In regards to helpers working in the community, providing services in ________________ may be clinically and
ethically indicated and may be most beneficial to clients.
a. mental health offices
b. mental health institutions
c. school counselor offices
d. nontraditional settings outside the office
27. Mental health professionals must move forward and beyond the traditional approach of focusing solely on the
intrapsychic, accept and recognize the impact of sociopolitical factors on our clients and their families, and determine
how our advocacy can effectively address those issues. Part of their ethical and moral obligation is to:
a. decide how they will work within the system and how they can get the most out of it for themselves.
b. advocate with the aim of creating a just society in which all people have equal opportunities and resources to
strive toward their personal goals.
c. not support the philosophy and policies of agencies they may work at.
d. change the agency’s norms, values, and expectations to match their own.
28. The _____________ is grounded on strengths, focuses on assets and capacities, promotes capability and power,
changes conditions, and is aimed at prevention. This approach builds on identifying resources within the individual,
the group, or the community that can be more fully activated.
a. service approach
b. community approach
c. developmental approach
d. individual approach
29. ____________ is when the counselor facilitates communication and understanding between culturally diverse
human systems that aid the educational progress of all students.
a. Outreach activities
b. Cultural mediation
c. Change agent
d. Paraprofessional work
30. The ___________ in a community agency are more complex and difficult to resolve than ones pertaining to
individual counseling. If a worker is not motivated, the system may tolerate this lack of motivation. If the system
violates the rights of the client (community), then this is a real challenge to address.
a. ethical violations
b. individual violations
c. systemic ethics
d. community ethics