Chapter 13 Expressive Culture
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The traditional Western distinction between “fine art” and “folk art” __________.
A) is replicated to some extent in the art traditions of most other cultures
B) is a judgment based on one group’s understanding of esthetics
C) has been adopted by anthropologists as a way to classify expressive culture
D) is based solely on whether the item is utilitarian
2. John Chernoff’s participation in drumming in Ghana allowed him to __________.
A) document an art form that is likely to disappear
B) make a profit for himself and the community from recordings
C) understand how Ghanaian family life is connected to music
D) gain insight into cultural practices that maintain gender inequality
3. Souvenirs sold as “Israeli” in an upscale tourist shop in Israel are actually made __________.
A) by local Arabs
B) by local Christians
C) in factories in China
D) in factories in Egypt
4. The cross-cultural study of music is referred to as __________.
A) ethno-esthetics
B) epidemiology
C) ethnography
D) ethnomusicology
5. Among the Temiar of Malaysia, economic and musical roles are __________.
A) dominated by older women
B) dominated by older men
C) balanced and complementary between men and women
D) dominated by young men
6. What is one conclusion that is suggested by the characteristics of a Brazilian dupla performance?
A) Traditional Brazilian culture is being replaced by North American.
B) A high value is placed on close kinship relationships.
C) Brazilian culture relegates women to less-central roles in the performing arts.
D) There currently is an interest in pre-Columbian cultures in Brazil.
7. What is one general way that the production of art is linked to modes of livelihood?
A) Art in mobile populations such as foragers and pastoralists is rare.
B) Cultures in the pre-agricultural modes of livelihood typically have traditions that strictly limit the production of
art to certain individuals.
C) In industrial/digital cultures the production of art for sale typically requires specialized knowledge.
D) Foraging and industrial/digital cultures are the two modes of livelihood most likely to value art “for art’s sake.”
8. An example of a form of theater is __________.
A) Maskit
B) Kathakali
C) heterotopia
D) tatami
9. A study of Japanese interior decoration __________.
A) used home decorating magazines as a major source of data
B) found no class differences in patterns of adoption of Western styles
C) demonstrated that nearly 100 percent of the population now has nuclear households and are designing their
homes with no regard for parents–in-law
D) discovered that “traditional” values are being maintained within the home with little Western influence
10. Gers, or yerts, are associated with which mode of livelihood?
A) industrial/digital economy
B) foraging
C) pastoralism
D) agriculture
11. A __________ garden includes specimens from many cultures.
A) heterotopic
B) globalized
C) microcultural
D) multicultural
12. The concept of the garden as enclosed within four walls is most associated with which religion?
A) Christianity
B) Hinduism
C) Buddhism
D) Islam
13. A prominent interpretation offered by cultural anthropologists about games and sports sees them as __________.
A) best analyzed from a Darwinist perspective
B) “survivals” from the hominin heritage of humans
C) more important in non-state societies than in state-level societies
D) “microcosms” of society
14. A comparison of how baseball is played in the United States and Japan revealed the importance of __________
in Japan.
A) a higher level of competitiveness between teams
B) a high level of competitiveness between players
C) ikat
D) wa
15. Men’s wrestling in India __________.
A) allows a freer, more indulgent lifestyle for the wrestlers than what is typical
B) has experienced revitalization due to the interest in it by international tourists
C) requires a high level of spirituality and self-control
D) is a dying tradition
16. The anthropology of tourism has focused mainly on __________.
A) how tourism has affected the health of both tourists and people in the destination areas
B) the impact of Western tourism on indigenous peoples
C) the role of international tourism in the world economy
D) resistance movements of indigenous peoples against mass tourism on their land
17. The origin of the cultural heritage of the Gullah people of South Carolina is in __________.
A) West and Central Africa
B) South Africa
C) East Africa
D) the Caribbean
18. After the British introduction of cricket to the Trobriand Islands, local changes to the game involved
__________.
A) insertion of Christian prayers during the game due to the missionaries’ influence
B) making sure there were equal numbers of male and female players
C) abandoning the white clothing of the British game
D) playing Western rock music between batting rounds
19. The rising popularity of __________ is evidence of Turkey’s growing cosmopolitanism.
A) soccer
B) politics
C) McDonald’s
D) belly dancing
20. The most serious internal security issue of Turkey is the __________.
A) predominance of the Muslim religion
B) widespread acceptance of Western cultural elements
C) Kurdish quest for greater cultural autonomy and rights
D) decentralized political system established after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire
21. In Michael Cernea’s strategy for Cultural Heritage Preservation, written for the World Bank, he urges
__________.
A) a passive approach of noninterference
B) generating capital from tourism to cultural heritage sites
C) a “do no harm” approach
D) cataloging and storing artifacts so that they will not be damaged in their natural environments
22. An anthropologist is advising a minority culture about how to preserve its cultural heritage. They are concerned
that their characteristic fabric coloring and patterning style is being copied and manufactured by an international
corporation and sold as an “authentic” product of their culture. The anthropologist should advise this group to
pursue the issue according to what policy or legal framework?
A) UNESCO’s 1972 definition of material cultural heritage
B) the passage of the NAGPRA act in the United States in 1990
C) UNESCO’s 2003 effort to maintain intangible cultural heritage
D) the World Bank’s “do no harm” policy
23. __________ is the heritage site in South India recently declared off-limits for regular use by local people.
A) Hampi
B) Maasailand
C) Wa
D) Waanyi
24. An important aspect of the “Hawai’ian Renaissance” is __________.
A) increased interest in the hula in Hawai’i
B) increased commercial development in the islands
C) increased popularity of the hula in the mainland United States
D) more people in the U.S. mainland wanting to learn to play the ukulele
25. Emily Joy Rothchild’s work among children in Germany was concerned with __________.
A) how White German children’s views of immigrants were influenced by the immigrants’ portrayal in television
cartoons
B) how effective media targeted at German children of immigrant parents were at encouraging “German” values
C) the ability of art to allow German children of immigrants to address issues of ethnicity and religion
D) a comparison of how White German children and German children of immigrants responded to American
children’s television programs
TRUE/FALSE
26. The definition of art used by anthropologists is broader than that used by art historians.
27. Kathakali is an Indonesian musical tradition that requires the equal participation of men and women.
28. Most anthropologists argue that art in museums should be presented with little or no supplemental information
because such “context” is inherently biased.
29. Games can both reflect and reinforce cultural values.
30. Analysis reveals that Indian wrestlers are a lot like Hindu holy men in their discipline and diets.
31. Going to a Turkish-style bath may involve both pleasure and pain.
32. Gullah men are largely responsible for “sewing” sweetgrass baskets.
33. Ruins of an ancient city are an example of material cultural heritage.
34. In Turkey, belly dancing is influenced by Roma dancing traditions.
35. The Waanyi Women’s History Project sought to preserve indigenous Australian women’s culture in order to
display it to tourists.
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ESSAY
36. Discuss the concept of ethno-esthetics and list key principles of ethno-esthetics in West African wood carving.
37. Analyze why anthropologists focus on studying the artist as much or more than the art product itself. List some
of the methods they might use. Choose a living artist from your microculture and describe what you would study
about him or her.
38. Summarize the questions and type of research related to gender and expressive culture. Discuss one example of
anthropological research on gender in art/expressive culture/performance.
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39. Define ethnomusicology and discuss an example of it.
40. Summarize the tradition of Kathakali and how it is being used in new contexts today.
41. Discuss two examples of how architecture, interior design, and/or museum displays are related to power
relations, either in the public or private domain.
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42. Summarize the history of the game of cricket in the Trobriand Islands and describe two of the ways it has been
adapted by the Trobrianders.
43. Discuss the claim that games and leisure can be seen as a “microcosm” of a culture. Apply this claim to the
example of American baseball players in Japan that is described in the text.
44. Discuss the anthropological study of tourism and describe one example of research in this area.
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45. Define material cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage. List an example from the text of each.