58. Which act requires companies to disclose information about toxic chemicals they release into the air and water?
a. Clean Water Act
b. Emergency Planning and Community Right–to–Know Act
c. Endangered Species Act
d. Oil Pollution Act
59. The Oil Pollution Act was enacted after which aftermath?
a. BP oil leak b. Exxon Valdez oil spill
c. East Coast pollution scare d. Compass oil spill
60. is a form of organized crime operating across national borders.
a. Transnational organized crime b. International organized crime
c. Human Organ Trafficking (H.O.T.) association d. Transnational Environmental Crime Syndicate
61. Crips, Bloods, and the MS-13 are now referred to as:
a. transnational mega-gangs. b. eurocentric gangs.
c. S.A.B.I.T. gangs. d. The “New” Mafia.
62. Several Mexican drug cartels have formed known alliance known as the:
a.
Federation
b. Separacion
c. Almacenamiento d. Alamo
63. Most businesses in Russia, legal, quasi–legal, and illegal must operate with the protection of a:
a.
Krysha.
b. La Cosa Nostra.
c. Triad. d. Vor v Zakoyne.
64. In 1970, Congress passed the Organized Crime Control Act. Title IX of the act, probably its most effective
measure, is the:
a. Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
(RICO) Act
b. Organized Racketeering Crime Act
(ORCA)
c. Congressional Organized Crime Act d. Whitey Ford Criminal Enterprise Act
65. What causal explanation of white–collar crime states that the motives that produce white–collar crimes are the
same as those that produce any other criminal behavior?
a. neutralization view b. self–control view
c. corporate-culture theory d. rationalization view
66. Individual exploitation of institutional power involves forcing victims to pay for services to which they have a
clear right for no charge.
a. True
b. False
67. Employees may be involved in systematic theft of company property, commonly called “pilferage.”
a. True
b. False
68. Bank fraud can encompass such diverse schemes as check kiting, check forgery, false statements on loan
applications, sale of stolen checks, credit-card fraud, unauthorized ATM use, auto title fraud, and illegal
transactions with offshore banks.
a. True
b. False
69. Affirmative tax evasion occurs when an individual fails to pay taxes or does not report all income.
a. True
b. False
70. Thirty years ago, the Knapp Commission found that police corruption in New York City was pervasive and
widespread, ranging from officers taking small gratuities from local businesspeople to senior officers receiving
payoffs in the thousands of dollars from gamblers and narcotics violators.
a. True
b. False
71. The type of white–collar crime that includes antitrust violations, price fixing, and false advertising is known as
corporate crime.
a. True
b. False
72. The Sherman Antitrust Act is aimed at individuals who are engaged in a conspiracy.
a. True
b. False
73. Influence peddling occurs when individuals who hold important institutional positions sell information to
outsiders.
a. True
b. False
74. A division of markets involves a corporation requiring its customers who use one of its services to use other
services it offers.
a. True
b. False
75. Group boycott occurs when there is a conspiracy to set and control the price of a necessary commodity.
a. True
b. False
76. Payola occurs when a radio station is paid to play certain music.
a. True
b. False
77. Many offenders feel free to engage in business crime because they can easily rationalize its effects.
a. True
b. False
78. Transporting timber or wood products in violation of laws or treaties is an example of a green crime.
a. True
b. False
79. The FBI belongs to several international working groups aimed at combating transnational gangs in various parts
of the world.
a. True
b. False
80. In 1970, Congress passed the Organized Crime Control Act. Title IX of the act, probably its most effective
measure, is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) Act.
a. True
b. False
81. The Zetas, which began as enforcers for the Gulf cartel’s regional domination, are now their rivals, and are
considered the most powerful Mexican transnational gang.
a. True
b. False
82. Afghanistan now supplies 90% of the world’s opium.
a. True
b. False
83. An individual convicted under RICO is subject to life in prison and a $2.5 million fine.
a. True
b. False
84. Enterprise criminals have low self–control and are inclined to follow momentary impulses without considering the
long–term costs of such behavior.
a. True
b. False
85. A lot of people convicted of white–collar crime typically work in lower-echelon positions, and their acts seem
motivated more by economic survival than by greed and power.
a. True
b. False
86. Hirschi and Gottfredson maintain that the motives that produce white–collar crime are the same as those that
produce any other criminal behaviors.
a. True
b. False
87. Deterrence strategies should work and have worked in controlling white–collar crime because white–collar
crime, by its nature, is a rational act.
a. True
b. False
88. Define and discuss the concept of enterprise crime.
89. Explain how white-collar crime and green-collar crime are linked.
90. Explain what is meant by a Ponzi scheme and how the term originated.
91. Identify and discuss the various forms of white–collar crime.
92. Explain what is meant by payola.
93. Explain exploitation and influence peddling. Describe how they are different.
94. How are individual-level white–collar crimes and corporate crimes similar? Include in your discussion whether
causal factors explaining these crimes are similar.
95. Identify and discuss the efforts to try to control white-collar crime.
96. Explain green–collar crime. Who is in control of dealing with green-collar crimes?
97. Explain the evolution of street gangs to mega–gangs.
98. How is the Russian Mob different from the Italian Mafia?
99. Explain what makes an offense a “transnational“ offense.
100. Identify and explain the causes of enterprise crime.