CHAPTER 13: THE CHALLENGE OF GANGS: CONTROLLING THEIR
DESTRUCTIVE FORCE
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Indicators of gang activity include:
a.
graffiti.
b.
open sale of drugs.
c.
intimidation assaults.
d.
all of the above
2. According to the text, gangs are identified by all of the below except:
a.
name.
b.
turf concerns.
c.
symbols, colors, or special dress.
d.
age.
3. According to the text, gang membership increased most significantly in the Northeast and:
a.
Southeast.
b.
Northwest.
c.
Southwest.
d.
South.
4. As stated in the text, a full-service gang unit uses which of the following components?
a.
pressure
b.
institutionalization
c.
prevention
d.
none of the above
5. Gangs use children because:
a.
their youthful appearance often does not arouse suspicion.
b.
if caught, the system is more lenient than with adults.
c.
both a and b
d.
neither a nor b
6. Female gang members:
a.
are decreasing in number nationwide.
b.
are often drug dependent and physically abused.
c.
generally hold positions of power within the gang.
d.
comprise nearly 40 percent of gang membership.
7. Which region of the United States has the highest number of gang members?
a.
the East
b.
North
c.
the West
d.
the South
8. A frequently used law enforcement strategy to deal with street gang problems is:
a.
suppression.
b.
social intervention.
c.
community mobilization.
d.
all of the above
9. Tactics such as prevention, arrest, imprisonment, supervision, and surveillance are part of the
_______________ strategy to address the gang problem.
a.
community mobilization
b.
suppression
c.
social intervention
d.
organizational change
10. A national partnership aimed at reducing gang-related crime is called:
a.
Operation Ceasefire.
b.
Project Safe Schools.
c.
GREAT Program.
d.
Project Safe Neighborhood.
11. A study supported by the NIJ showed that students who graduated from the GREAT course showed:
a.
higher levels of delinquency, risk-taking behavior, and approval of violence.
b.
higher levels of self-esteem, parental attachment, and perceived educational
-opportunities.
c.
lower levels of commitment to positive peers, antigang attitudes, and perceived positive
school environments.
d.
no long-term benefits or drawbacks.
12. Developing conflict prevention strategies in dealing with gang problems in schools means that:
a.
teachers should be trained to recognize and deal with gang members in nonconfrontational
ways.
b.
once identified, gang members should be expelled.
c.
all students should be informed of the names of those suspected of being gang affiliated.
d.
uniformed officers should be assigned to patrol halls and school grounds on a continual
basis during school hours.
13. One way in which community involvement can help reduce or prevent gang activity in schools is:
a.
for parents to prohibit their children from participating in gangs.
b.
for the community to apply pressure to the entertainment media regarding destructive
shows, music, and videos.
c.
It can’t. It will only promote fear and hysteria if the community is told of gang activity.
d.
none of the above
14. In the 1950s and 1960s, law enforcement used _______________ toward gangs.
a.
a social services approach
b.
a suppression approach
c.
the same approach they used throughout the 20th century
d.
a clearly superior approach to that being used today
15. According to the authors, crisis intervention, treatment for youths and their families, -outreach, and
referral to social services are elements of a _______________ strategy to address the gang problem.
a.
community mobilization
b.
suppression
c.
social intervention
d.
organizational change
16. Homeboy Industries’ main focus is to:
a.
eliminate gang activity.
b.
help at-risk youths prepare for their future, not their funeral.
c.
provide after-school programs for troubled youth.
d.
provide GED education for youths who drop out of school.
17. An estimated 756,000 gang members are active in roughly _______________ gangs -nationwide.
a.
15,000
b.
25,000
c.
29,000
d.
35,000
18. The Youth Leading Change program engages area youth in:
a.
free bus transportation to youths.
b.
leadership activities.
c.
after-school programs.
d.
counseling.
19. Member of at least _______________ gangs have been identified on both domestic and international
military installations.
a.
36
b.
53
c.
68
d.
42
20. According to the text, many gang members continue to engage in gang activity while:
a.
on trial.
b.
incarcerated.
c.
on vacation.
d.
all of the above
21. According to the text, _______________ distribute wholesale quantities of drugs.
a.
local street gangs
b.
sophisticated criminal networks
c.
organized street gangs
d.
prison gangs
22. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs use all of the following to counter law enforcement efforts except:
a.
violence.
b.
wide-ranging criminal activity.
c.
strong central leadership.
d.
cooperation.
23. Gangs use females to carry weapons and tools for committing crimes because:
a.
officers are hesitant to search females.
b.
females attract less attention than males.
c.
male gang members would receive a stiffer sentence if caught with these objects.
d.
females are less likely to get caught than males.
24. Factors that distinguish youths who join gangs from those who do not join gangs include:
a.
failure to perform well in school.
b.
antisocial tendencies in families.
c.
both a and b
d.
neither a nor b
25. The Beaverton Police Department graffiti removal program:
a.
was not cost-effective.
b.
called for the prompt removal of graffiti anywhere it appeared.
c.
targeted taggers because tagger graffiti is the majority of what they experienced.
d.
offered rewards for information about graffiti vandals.
26. Gang allegiance may also be indicated by representing to show allegiance or opposition to a gang.
Representing is:
a.
gang literature.
b.
tattoos.
c.
hand signs.
d.
manner of dress.
27. According to the text, when gangs have a substantial presence in the community, there is a strong
correlation to:
a.
violent crime.
b.
narcotic sales.
c.
community fear.
d.
delinquency from school.
28. According to the text, gangs use children to commit all of the following acts in schools except:
a.
shoplifting.
b.
murder.
c.
burglaries.
d.
drug sales.
29. The GRIP program targets groups of students in what grades?
a.
third, fifth, and ninth
b.
second, fifth, and tenth
c.
second, fifth, and ninth
d.
second, sixth, and ninth
30. The computerized Gang Intelligence System includes all of the following features except:
a.
gang profile data.
b.
gang monikers.
c.
related criminal activity.
d.
vehicle information.
TRUE/FALSE
1. The law enforcement approach to gangs has remained fairly consistent since the 1950s.
2. To combat the gang problem, behavior codes in schools should be established and firmly, consistently
enforced.
3. As an alternative to graffiti, students might be encouraged to design and paint murals in locations
where graffiti is most likely to occur.
4. Civil injunctions can be used to reduce gang activity.
5. Gangs have a strong appeal for many children who live in communities where gangs thrive.
6. The ethnic/racial makeup of gangs seems to correlate with the racial makeup of our society at or near
the poverty level.
7. According to the text, youths seeking protection, security, status, an identity, a sense of belonging, and
economic security can fulfill all of these needs through gang membership.
8. Typically, police chiefs in cities where gangs have recently arrived are quick to recognize the threat
gangs pose to the community.
9. According to a recent survey, all of the responding police agencies in the largest U.S. cities (those with
populations over 250,000) reported gang problems.
10. A street gang is a subgroup of a youth gang.
11. According to the text, the condition that makes the school environment most ripe for gang activity is
denial because public officials are more focused on image concerns for their organizations.
12. Behaviors associated with gangs include delinquency and drug use.
13. The National Youth Gang Center has developed a protocol for assessing a gang problem and a
planning guide to assist communities in addressing a gang problem.
14. Efforts to prevent gang memberships should target children as young as 10.
15. Pulling levers refers to a multiagency law enforcement team imposing all available sanctions on gang
members who violate standards of behavior.
16. Street gang activity and violence may also increase as more dangerous gang members are released
early from prison.
17. There is no single solution or “magic bullet” that will prevent youths from joining gangs.
18. According to the text, the components of prevention, suppression, and intervention combine to create a
full-service gang unit.
19. Gangs are becoming increasingly adaptable and sophisticated, employing new and advanced
technology to facilitate criminal activity.
SHORT ANSWER
1. A manner of dress that uses an imaginary line drawn vertically through the body to show alle-giance to
a gang is called _______________.
2. A nickname given to a gang member is called a _______________.
3. According to the text, the most effective strategy to address the gang problem is _______________.
4. The program that takes a proactive approach to stopping gang violence is called GREAT, an acronym
that stands for _______________.
5. According to an OJJDP survey, the strategy most frequently used by law enforcement to address the
gang problem is _______________.
6. _______________ is one of the main approaches that Los Angeles is using in fighting gangs.
7. According to the text, _______________ is an at-risk youth job training center in Los -Angeles created
to provide counseling, training, and work experience.
8. Within a school, gangs can thrive on anonymity, _______________ and lack of awareness by school
personnel.
9. _______________ refers to a multiagency law enforcement team imposing all available sanctions.
10. As defined in the text, _______________ are criminal organizations that originated within the penal
system and operate within correctional facilities in the United States.
11. _______________ provide basic or remedial education, training, work incentives, and jobs for gang
members.
12. As defined by the text, a _______________ is a group of people whose allegiance is based on social
needs and who engage in acts injurious to the public.
13. _______________ includes crisis intervention, treatment for youths and their families, -outreach, and
referral to social services.
ESSAY
1. As discussed in the text, explain the importance of recognizing a gang problem in the -community and
why those in authority are reluctant to recognize the problem.
2. List and describe prevention efforts that need to be addressed in youth’s lives.
3. Describe the gang subculture and discuss the importance of a value system.
4. As the text discusses, explain how police departments gather intelligence on gangs, what technologies
are available, and why this task is important.
5. According to the text, discuss the gang’s place within the community, including the nature of bonds
between gang members and community members and why these bonds pose a -challenge to law
enforcement.