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True / False
1. Teen courts are geared toward young juveniles with no prior arrest records who are charged with minor law violations.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Intervention programs are focused on teenage youths considered to be at higher risk for engaging in petty delinquency
acts, using drugs or alcohol, or associating with antisocial peers.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The adjudication is the trial stage of the juvenile court process.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Crime control advocates suggest that the court scale back its judicial role and transfer its functions to community
groups and social service agencies.
a.
True
b.
False
6. By segregating delinquent children from adult offenders, society has placed greater importance on the delinquent being
a child rather than being a criminal.
a.
True
b.
False
7. In 1912, the U.S. Children’s Bureau was formed as the first state child welfare agency.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Juveniles have a constitutional right to jury trial.
a.
True
b.
False
9. A comprehensive juvenile justice strategy focuses on delinquency prevention as well as expanding options for handling
juvenile offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Urbanization created a growing number of at-risk youth in the nation's rural areas.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The House of Refuge was a care facility developed by the child savers to protect potential criminal youths by taking
them off the street and providing a family-like environment.
a.
True
b.
False
12. The child savers' movement spurred states to develop specialized educational facilities for juvenile delinquents called
halfway houses.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Verdicts in the Illinois Juvenile Court Act relied upon the stricter standard (i.e., beyond a reasonable doubt) to
determine the guilt of a juvenile offender.
a.
True
b.
False
14. The belief that juvenile offenders should be held accountable as adult transgressors was one motivating principle
behind the Illinois Juvenile Court Act.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Status offenders are those who fall under a jurisdictional age limit and who commit an act in violation of the penal
code.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children were organizations whose focus was on protecting children
subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school.
a.
True
b.
False
17. A person or child in need of supervision is called a delinquent offender.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Determining whether a child is to be remanded to a shelter or released is the purpose of the detention hearing.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Prevention programs focus on addressing those risk factors for delinquency that juveniles may face.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Intermediate sanctions generally target repeat minor offenders with sanctions such as probation.
a.
True
b.
False
21. _____ refers to a care facility developed by the child savers to protect potential criminal youths by taking them off the
street and providing a family-like environment.
a.
The House of Refuge
b.
Settlement houses
c.
Reform schools
d.
Group homes
22. Child saving organizations influenced the _____ to enact laws giving courts the power to commit children who were
runaways or criminal offenders to specialized institutions.
a.
state legislatures
b.
federal government
c.
local governments
d.
state judiciary
23. The creation of the House of Refuge was largely due to the efforts of the _____.
a.
Quakers
b.
Mormons
c.
Catholics
d.
Protestants
24. A typical resident of the House of Refuge devoted most of his or her time to _____.
a.
education
b.
religious instruction
c.
supervised labor
d.
vocational training
25. The criminal trial is called a _____ in the juvenile justice system.
a.
hearing
b.
fact finding session
c.
mediation
d.
junior trial
26. _____ was instrumental in the development of the Children’s Aid Society.
a.
Oliver Wendell Holmes
b.
Charles Loring Brace
c.
Emile Durkheim
d.
Mark Paul Gosselaar
27. _____ describes the activities of the Children’s Aid Society.
a.
A child saving organization that took children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm
families on the prairie
b.
A child saving organization that took children away from abusive parents and placed them in shelters
c.
The organization, created by the child savers, whose primary focus was on preventing delinquency by picking
up children and placing them in reform schools
d.
The organization, created by the Quakers, to prevent children from being abused by punishing the parents by
criminally prosecuting them
28. Trains in which urban youths were sent West for adoption with local farm couples were called ______.
a.
freedom trains
b.
orphan trains
c.
children’s trains
d.
refuge trains
29. The first Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was established in _____.
a.
1850
b.
1874
c.
1899
d.
1911
30. What was the purpose of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children?
a.
To prevent delinquency by picking up children and placing them in reform schools
b.
To take children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm families on the prairie
c.
To remove abused and neglected children from their homes and assist the court in making placement decisions
d.
To place abused children on orphan trains to be sent West
31. The first juvenile court was established in Chicago in _____.
a.
1850
b.
1899
c.
1920
d.
1945
32. When the juvenile court was first created, _____ was the standard of proof required to adjudicate a child delinquent.
a.
beyond a reasonable doubt
b.
probable cause
c.
clear and convincing
d.
preponderance of the evidence
33. _____ determined that a child has due process rights, such as having an attorney present at waiver hearings.
a.
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
b.
Vernonia School District v. Acton
c.
Kent v. United States
d.
Thompson v. Oklahoma
34. _____ determined that the Fourth Amendment applies to school searches.
a.
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
b.
Vernonia School District v. Acton
c.
Kent v. United States
d.
Thompson v. Oklahoma
35. In _____ , the Court held that the Fourth Amendment’s guarantee against unreasonable searches is not violated by the
suspicionless drug testing of all students choosing to participate in interscholastic athletics.
a.
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
b.
Vernonia School District v. Acton
c.
Kent v. United States
d.
Thompson v. Oklahoma
36. The _____ created the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
a.
Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899
b.
Omnibus Safe Streets and Crime Control Act
c.
Crime Prevention and Control Act of 1950
d.
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
37. What is known as a reduction in charges in adult criminal court is known as _____ in juvenile court.
a.
adjudication
b.
petition
c.
substitution
d.
adjustment
38. According to the text, status offenders are defined as _____.
a.
children who commit an act that would be classified as a crime if they were adults
b.
children who have been adjudicated delinquent
c.
children in need of supervision
d.
children who are abused/neglected and commit crimes to survive
39. What do judges generally do with repeat juvenile offenders who are deemed untreatable by juvenile authorities?
a.
The court sentences the juvenile to a detention center until they are 21.
b.
The child is transferred to adult court.
c.
The child remains in juvenile court.
d.
The court declines to prosecute this type of child and refers him or her to an adult treatment facility.
40. What percentage of children arrested are referred to the juvenile court?
a.
33%
b.
50%
c.
70%
d.
90%
41. Secure pretrial holding facilities for juveniles are called ____.
a.
boot camps
b.
detention centers
c.
jails
d.
secure group homes
42. The _____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution places limitations on police interrogation procedures.
a.
Fourth
b.
Fifth
c.
Sixth
d.
Eighth
43. The most commonly used formal sentence for juvenile offenders is referred to as _____.
a.
incarceration
b.
wilderness camp
c.
residential treatment facility
d.
probation
44. _____ refers to the trial stage of the juvenile court process.
a.
Adjudication
b.
Disposition
c.
Waiver hearing
d.
Detention hearing
45. The type of program designed to ward off involvement in more serious delinquency is called _____.
a.
intervention
b.
prevention
c.
reformation
d.
adjudication
46. An example of an organization involved in prevention programs would be _____.
a.
the Boys and Girls Club
b.
Job Corps
c.
Head Start
d.
YouthBuild U.S.A.
47. Which of the following is an example of an organization that would not be involved in intervention programs?
a.
the Boys and Girls Club
b.
Job Corps
c.
Head Start
d.
YouthBuild U.S.A.
48. This group would prefer that the courts scale back their judicial role and transfer their functions to community groups
and social service agencies.
a.
child savers
b.
child advocates
c.
crime control advocates
d.
children's aid societies
49. One similarity between the adult and juvenile justice systems is the _____.
a.
use of attorneys
b.
primacy of the Miranda warning
c.
role of juries
d.
emphasis on treatment and rehabilitation
50. Because of the movement to toughen the juvenile justice system, which statement is true?
a.
The emphasis is on mollycoddling juveniles to "scare them strait."
b.
The role of treatment has been greatly diminished.
c.
The deterrent value of juvenile justice is to be reduced.
d.
Treatment is now emphasized over punishment.
51. The organization that protected children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school was called the _____.
52. The ______ is the oldest federal agency for children in the United States.
53. _____ children are those who fall under a jurisdictional age limit and who commit an act in violation of the penal
code.
54. _____ is the procedure of separating adjudicatory and disposition hearings so different levels of evidence can be heard
at each.
55. The document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and
asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile is called the _____.
56. ______ is the juvenile equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders.
57. _____ advocates want to reduce the court’s jurisdiction over juveniles charged with serious crimes and liberalize the
prosecutor’s ability to try them in adult courts.
58. _____ is the first step in the juvenile justice process.
59. _____ suggest that the court scale back its judicial role and transfer its functions to community groups and social
service agencies.
60. Community-based diversion and day treatment are types of graduated sanctions for which type of offender?
61. The current juvenile justice system exercises jurisdiction over two distinct categories of offenders: _____ and _____.
62. The federal agency created to administer grants and provide guidance for crime prevention policy and programs is the
_____.
63. In Kent v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that a child has _____ rights, such as the right to have an attorney
present.
64. Under the_____ philosophy, juvenile justice procedures are informal and nonadversarial.
65. _____ want to reduce the court's jurisdiction over juveniles charged with a serious crime and liberalize the
prosecutor's ability to try them in adult courts.
66. Secure pretrial holding facilities are called _____.
67. Unlike adult proceedings, juvenile proceedings are not considered ____.
68. A ____ court cannot sentence juveniles to county jails or state prisons, as these are reserved for adults only.
69. At-risk youths would be best served by a(n) ____ strategy, which would address their particular risk factors.
70. Immediate and intermediate sanctions vary in their severity (probation versus incarceration, for example). This
strategy, in which a variety of sanctions are available, is called _____ sanctions.
71. Discuss the impact of urbanization on delinquency in the late eighteenth to early twentieth century.
72. Discuss the child saving movement.
73. Discuss the Illinois Juvenile Court Act, including the key provisions of the act.
74. Discuss the juvenile justice process, including a brief description of each step in the process.
75. Discuss the conflicting values in juvenile justice.
76. Discuss prevention programs in regard to risk factors faced by young children. Do you think these are viable programs
for preventing delinquency? Explain your view.
77. Compare and contrast the similarities between the juvenile and adult systems.
78. Discuss intervention programs, providing examples.
79. According to the text, teen courts may also encourage communities to take a more active role in responding to juvenile
justice. Discuss the four potential benefits outlined in the text in regard to teen court.
80. Discuss the findings of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine’s Panel on Juvenile Crime in regard
to prevention and intervention programs. Do you agree or disagree with the panel? Explain.
