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Chapter 13 - Energy
True / False
1. The initial amount of low-quality energy available from an energy resource is its net energy yield.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The world will very likely run out of oil in the next 10 to 20 years.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Approximately 87% of the world’s commercial energy comes from fossil fuels.
a.
True
b.
False
4. The nuclear fuel cycle has a low net energy yield.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Nuclear power is now the world's fastest-growing energy source.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The United States wastes very little of its commercial energy because of recent advances in energy efficiency.
a.
True
Chapter 13 - Energy
b.
False
7. Nuclear fission is a process where the nuclei of two isotopes of a light element are forced together at an extremely high
temperature until they fuse to form a heavier nucleus with a release of energy that can be used to produce commercial
energy.
a.
True
b.
False
8. A spent fuel rod is one that has lost all of its radioactivity.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Japan became the world’s second largest importer of coal as a result of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
accident.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Microwave ovens use about the same amount of energy as conventional ovens.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Improvements in energy efficiency could save up to 43% of the energy used in the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Power towers are used to collect and focus energy onto photovoltaic cells arranged in a circle around the tower.
a.
True
b.
False
13. The United States has enough wind potential to meet an estimated 16 to 22 times its current electricity needs.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Plants grown for biofuels could compete with crops in areas grown for food.
a.
True
b.
False
15. A well-designed geothermal heat pump system could be the most energy-efficient, reliable, environmentally clean,
and cost-effective way to heat or cool a space.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Hydropower has a low net energy yield.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Ethanol is a promising fuel for automobile because it has a higher net energy yield than gasoline.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Hydrogen fuel cells may be the key to the future for automobiles mostly because of its positive net energy yield.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Production and delivery of natural gas may emit more CO2 and CH4 per unit of energy produced than the burning of
coal for commercial energy.
a.
True
b.
False
20. LED bulbs use 85% less energy and last up to 25 times as long as incandescent bulbs.
a.
True
b.
False
21. Crude oil is also known as light crude or conventional oil.
a.
True
b.
False
22. Production of fossil fuels from shale rock has a lower net energy yield than does the fossil fuel produced from
conventional oil deposits.
a.
True
b.
False
23. The long-term problem for the United States is that it uses about 20% of the oil produced globally, produces about
10% of the world’s oil, and has only 2% of the world’s proven crude oil reserves.
a.
True
b.
False
Multiple Choice
24. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that wind farms at favorable sites in North Dakota, Kansas and Texas could
meet the electricity needs of ____.
a.
the western contiguous United States
b.
these four states only
c.
the northern plains states during the summers
d.
the lower 48 states
e.
the entire nation if private air conditioning is reduced
25. High-quality energy is required to ____.
a.
recycle high-quality energy
b.
generate hydroelectric power
c.
produce renewable energy
d.
extract and refine some nonrenewable energy
e.
increase energy efficiency in some devices
26. Aside from increasing energy efficiency, what energy resource has the highest net energy ratio for space heating?
a.
oil
b.
active solar
c.
passive solar
d.
electric resistance heating
e.
wind
27. What energy resource has the highest net energy ratio for transportation?
a.
natural gas
b.
coal liquefaction
c.
gasoline
d.
oil shale
e.
ethanol from sugar cane residue
28. Why is Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) so important?
a.
They have about 72% of the world’s proven crude oil reserves and thus are likely to control most of the
world’s conventional oil supplies for many years to come.
b.
They consist of three countries with about half of the world’s proven crude oil reserves.
c.
They are the major players in international policy regarding the implementation of progressive and
unconventional resources.
d.
They control the largest reserves of unconventional resources, including tar sands and shale gas.
e.
They consume the largest amount of petroleum products in the world thus are likely to control most of the
world’s conventional oil market price for many years to come.
29. The world is not about to run out of oil because we can rely more on unconventional heavy oil from depleted oil wells
and other sources. However, these sources of oil will likely result in ____, higher environmental impacts, higher
production costs, and higher oil prices.
a.
increased international conflict
b.
decreased production
Chapter 13 - Energy
c.
lower net energy yields
d.
greater technological input
e.
increased CO2 output
30. A growing source of heavy oil is ____, which is a mixture of clay, sand, water, and a combustible organic material
called bitumen.
a.
shale oil
b.
tar sands
c.
offshore oil
d.
crude oil
e.
liquefied petroleum gas
31. The largest producer of Canada’s greenhouse gases is its energy sector, with over 70% of the emissions coming from
its ____ industry.
a.
transportation
b.
fracking
c.
natural gas
d.
oil
e.
tar sands
32. What is bitumen?
a.
It is a type of coal, with dark shiny bits of organic matter.
b.
It is a deep shale-oil deposit mixed with natural gas.
c.
It a thick, sticky, tar-like heavy oil with a high sulfur content.
d.
It is an octane-raising gasoline additive that causes pollution.
e.
It is the solid organic matter found in petroleum.
Chapter 13 - Energy
33. What country has the largest tar sand oil reserves?
a.
Saudi Arabia
b.
Canada
c.
Venezuela
d.
Kuwait
e.
United States
34. What is the term for propane and butane gases that can be liquefied under high pressure during the production of
natural gas?
a.
methane
b.
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
c.
liquefied natural gas (LNG)
d.
gaseous hydrocarbons
e.
unconventional gas
35. What has brought about what some experts are calling a new era of oil and natural gas production in the United
States?
a.
Higher market prices for oil
b.
More efficient distribution systems
c.
The development of shale oil extraction technologies
d.
The discovery of new oil sands
e.
Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing
36. Recently, the United States Geological Survey reduced its nationwide estimate of recoverable ____ from shale rock by
50%.
a.
crude oil
b.
oil shale
c.
tar oil
d.
natural gas
e.
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
Chapter 13 - Energy
37. What are the countries with the largest reserves of natural gas?
a.
Canada and the United States
b.
Russia, Iran, and Qatar
c.
Nigeria and Algeria
d.
India, Venezuela, and the United States
e.
Russia, Venezuela, and Canada
38. What resource is used to generate about 40% of the electricity generated in the United States in 2013?
a.
coal
b.
nuclear
c.
renewables
d.
oil
e.
natural gas
39. What is the world's most abundant nonrenewable fossil fuel?
a.
oil
b.
natural gas
c.
biomass
d.
tar sand
e.
coal
40. The identified coal reserves in the United States could last at least ____ years at current usage rates.
a.
10
b.
50
c.
100
d.
150
Chapter 13 - Energy
e.
250
41. What is the primary reason that coal is a relatively cheap way to produce electricity?
a.
Coal reserves are large.
b.
Most of the harmful environmental and health costs of coal are not included in the market price.
c.
Coal is less expensive to extract coal than any of the fossil fuels.
d.
Coal provides more energy per dollar for electrical generation.
e.
Many government subsidies and tax incentives are already in place for coal.
42. Most scientists and engineers agree in principle that deep burial in an underground repository is the safest and
cheapest way to store ____ for thousands of years.
a.
sequestered CO2
b.
fracking fluids
c.
highly toxic waste
d.
high-level radioactive wastes
e.
coal ash
43. Light-water reactors generate about ____ of the world’s nuclear-generated electricity.
a.
95%
b.
85%
c.
75%
d.
65%
e.
55%
44. The nuclear fuel cycle can last up to ____ years.
a.
2,4
b.
240
c.
2,400
Chapter 13 - Energy
d.
24,000
e.
240,000
45. A small pellet of uranium dioxide is about the size of an eraser on a pencil and contains the energy equivalent to a
____.
a.
several years all solar energy reaching the earth
b.
several tons of tar sand
c.
ton of coal
d.
million barrels of crude oil
e.
million cubic feet of natural gas
46. How are spent nuclear fuel rods stored immediately after they are removed from the reactor core?
a.
They are transferred to a storage facility located inside a mountain made of granite.
b.
They are stored in a deep pool of water contained in a steel-lined concrete basin for cooling.
c.
They are stored upright on concrete pads in sealed dry-storage casks made of heat- resistant metal alloys and
thick concrete.
d.
They are processed to remove radioactive plutonium, which can then be used as nuclear fuel or for making
nuclear weapons
e.
They buried in an underground repository.
47. Approximately 84% percent of all ____ used in the United States is wasted.
a.
natural gas
b.
oil
c.
nuclear energy
d.
solar energy
e.
commercial energy
48. How do cogeneration systems work?
Chapter 13 - Energy
a.
As hybrid systems that use both renewable and nonrenewable resources
b.
With an energy-efficient, digitally controlled, UHV system/transmission lines
c.
As systems that use variable speed electric motors.
d.
With the leftover heat from power generation, heat can be used again for other systems
e.
As systems that generate energy flexibly through a combination of resources
49. Consumers pay a hidden cost of ____ per gallon for gasoline.
a.
6%
b.
$12.00
c.
10%
d.
$3.00
e.
$8.00
50. The prices on hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and all-electric cars are high because of the high cost of their ____.
a.
batteries
b.
technology
c.
fuel cells
d.
production
e.
ultralight and ultrastrong composite materials
51. The U.S. oil consumption could be reduced by up to 90% and carbon dioxide emissions reduced by 27% by replacing
most of the current national vehicle fleet with ____.
a.
hybrid cars
b.
fuel cell cars
c.
ultralight vehicles
d.
mass transportation vehicles
e.
plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
52. What can we do when constructing new buildings to cut heating costs by up to 20%?
