97. Which of the following techniques reduces the likelihood that behavior will be repeated?
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Extinction
d. Reward enhancement
e. All of these
98. One of your fellow students is continually late to class. The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and
recently took points away from the student’s grade. Based on the above, the professor’s actions are consistent with
which of the following reinforcement techniques?
a. Negative reinforcement
b. Punishment
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Avoidance learning
e. Rewards enhancement
99. Jeff and Rob have a difficult time getting along at work. Most days, Jeff spends a lot of time cracking jokes and
goofing off, while Rob constantly nags him and tells him to act like a grownup. On days when Jeff is more
reserved, Rob does not nag him, hoping that this will result in improved behavior down the road. This is an example
of which form of behavior modification?
a. Empowerment
b. Extinction
c. Punishment
d. Avoidance learning
e. Positive reinforcement
100. Which of these refers to the withdrawal of a positive reward, meaning that behavior is no longer reinforced and
hence is less likely to occur in the future?
a. Avoidance learning
b. Punishment
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Extinction
e. None of these
101. One of your fellow team members at work is continually disrupting the team’s work with jokes and general
horseplay. You hope that by ignoring him he will stop this senseless behavior. You are attempting to use which
reinforcement tool?
a. Extinction
b. Positive reinforcement
c. Negative reinforcement
d. Avoidance learning
e. Desired behavior is reinforced annually
102. Which theory proposes that an individual’s motivation can result not just from direct experience of rewards and
punishments but also from the person’s thoughts and beliefs and his or her observations of other people’s behavior?
a. Reinforcement theory
b. Hierarchy of needs theory
c. ERG theory
d. Experiential learning theory
e. Social learning theory
103. occurs when an individual sees others perform certain behaviors and get rewarded for them.
a. Vicarious learning
b. Self-efficacy
c. Self-reinforcement
d. Delegation
e. Experiential learning
104. At Rightway Industries, new hires spend a significant portion of their first week of training just walking around the
factory, observing other workers and watching them get rewarded for doing their jobs well. This is an example of:
a. vicarious learning.
b. self-efficacy.
c. self-reinforcement.
d. delegation.
e. experiential learning.
105. Which of the following is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity
and satisfaction?
a. Job design
b. Job enlargement
c. Job simplification
d. Job characteristics
e. Job enrichment
106. Larry is looking for ways to increase the number of different tasks that an employee performs without increasing
task complexity. He should try:
a. job simplification.
b. job enlargement.
c. job rotation.
d. job enrichment.
e. job lay-off.
107. systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks
an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job.
a. Job simplification
b. Job rotation
c. Job enlargement
d. Job enrichment
e. None of these
108. A job design that incorporates achievement, recognition, and other high-level motivators into the work is referred to
as:
a. job simplification.
b. job rotation.
c. job enlargement.
d. job enrichment.
e. none of these.
109. Karen is a first line supervisor at Wolfs, Inc. She wishes to increase her employee‘s opportunities for growth and
learning. Which of the following techniques should she use?
a. Job enlargement
b. Job enrichment
c. Job rotation
d. Positive reinforcement
e. Continuous
110. is an important part of the job characteristics model.
a. Critical psychological states
b. A hierarchy of needs
c. Schedules of reinforcement
d. Goal setting
e. Expectancy
111. The core dimension of Hackman and Oldham’s model of job characteristics that is based on the number of diverse
activities that make up a job is known as:
a. autonomy.
b. job enlargement.
c. skill variety.
d. task identity.
e. feedback.
112. Which of the following refers to the degree to which an employee performs a total job with a recognizable
beginning and ending?
a. Task complexity
b. Task identity
c. Task significance
d. Task structure
e. None of these
113. The degree to which the job is perceived as important and having impact on the company or customers is referred
to as:
a. task complexity.
b. task identity.
c. task significance.
d. task structure.
e. task simplification.
114. Daisy tried to apply the job characteristics model to her workforce, but it only worked for some of her employees.
Which of the following may be a reason why it did not work for everyone?
a. Some of her employees are lazy.
b. Some of her employees are low in growth-need strength.
c. Some of her employees have a low need for power.
d. All of her employees have high growth-needs.
e. Some of her employees have low affiliation needs.
115. is the extent to which doing the job provides information back to the employee about his or her performance.
a. Feedback
b. Assessment
c. Evaluation
d. Satisfaction
e. Fulfillment
116. The job characteristic of feedback provides the worker with:
a. employee growth-need strength.
b. experienced meaningfulness of work.
c. experienced responsibility.
d. knowledge of actual results.
e. demotivation.
117. The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as:
a. need for power.
b. need for achievement.
c. empowerment.
d. passing the buck.
e. need of affiliation.
118. Ricky is a manager at InfoServices, where she rewards the top sales employee every month by giving him or her a
high–definition TV or PC. This is an example of what employee motivation program?
a. Pay for performance
b. Lifestyle award
c. Employee stock ownership plan
d. Flexible work schedule
e. Team-based compensation
119. is power sharing, or the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in an organization.
a. Engagement
b. Synergy
c. Motivation
d. Empowerment
e. Leadership
120. is a situation in which employees enjoy their work, contribute enthusiastically to meeting goals, and feel a
sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.
a. Commitment
b. Engagement
c. Employee loyalty
d. Employee assurance
e. Employee guarantee
121. Carla’s subordinates view her as a great manager. Not only does she get the job done, but she organizes the
workplace in such a way that employees experience a sense of meaningfulness, connection, and growth. This is an
example of employee:
a. pay-for-performance.
b. delegation.
c. empathy.
d. apathy.
e. engagement.
122. refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a
certain course of action.
123. rewards are given by another person, typically a manager, and include promotions and pay increases.
124. The satisfaction received in the process of performing an action is also known as a(n) .
125. theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.
126. A content theory that proposes that people are motivated by five categories of needs-physiological, safety,
belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization-that exist in a hierarchical order is called the theory.