Chapter 12 – Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
True / False
1. Nonrenewable mineral resources renew over millions to billions of years.
a.
True
b.
False
True
2. Mining has polluted mountain streams in about 40% of the western U.S. watersheds and accounts for 50% of all the
country’s emissions of toxic chemicals.
a.
True
b.
False
True
3. The dirt wall left after contour mining is called an overburden.
a.
True
b.
False
False
4. High risk locations for earthquakes and tsunamis are not well known, and so events like a tsunami cannot be anticipated
and preparations cannot be made in advance.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Volcanoes are normally associated with transform faults.
a.
True
b.
False
False
6. Tectonic plates move extremely slowly atop the asthenosphere.
Chapter 12 – Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
a.
True
b.
False
True
7. A solution of highly toxic cyanide salts is used at approximately 90% of the world’s gold mines.
a.
True
b.
False
True
8. Surface mining can result in deforestation.
a.
True
b.
False
True
9. Important nonrenewable mineral resources are evenly distributed in Earth’s crust.
a.
True
b.
False
False
10. Volcanic activity is notoriously difficult to monitor such that making evacuation plans is nearly impossible.
a.
True
b.
False
False
11. The San Andreas fault in California is an example of a transform boundary.
a.
True
b.
False
Chapter 12 – Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
True
12. A way to reduce death and damages from earthquakes is to study historical records and make geological
measurements to locate active fault zones.
a.
True
b.
False
True
13. There exists a relatively complete network of buoys and pressure recorders for a global tsunami warning system.
a.
True
b.
False
14. China has heavily regulated rare earth metal mining industry.
a.
True
b.
False
False
15. Slate and marble are types of sedimentary rock.
a.
True
b.
False
False
16. The 500,000 surface-mined sites that dot the U.S. landscape are usually cleaned up and restored because it is required
by law.
a.
True
b.
False
False
17. Reserves can be increased when higher prices make it profitable to mine deposits that previously were too expensive.
a.
True
b.
False
True
18. A longer depletion-time estimate assumes no recycling or reuse and no increase in reserves.
a.
True
b.
False
False
19. Earth’s crust contains scarce and quickly depleting deposits of iron and aluminum ores.
a.
True
b.
False
False
20. Each person in the U.S. uses an average of 24 tons of mineral resources per year.
a.
True
b.
False
True
resources.
21. China dominates the world in the complex, lengthy, and environmentally harmful chemical process of converting rare
earth minerals into individual metals and oxides.
a.
True
b.
False
True
22. The United States National Academy of Sciences says that the federal government is not doing enough to evaluate
potential risks from engineered nanomaterials.
a.
True
b.
False
True
12.4 How can we use mineral resources more sustainably?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.1 – Science Focus, The Nanotechnology Revolution
23. Nanotechnologists envision technological innovations such as a flexible solar cell films that could be attached to or
painted onto almost any surface.
a.
True
b.
False
True
12.3 What are the environmental effects of using nonrenewable mineral resources?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.1 – Science Focus, The Nanotechnology Revolution
24. Gold ore can be removed ore with a highly toxic chemical called _____ through series of leaching operations.
a.
sulfuric acid
b.
nitric acid
c.
arsenic
d.
cyanide salts
e.
H2SO4
12.3 What are the environmental effects of using nonrenewable mineral resources?
25. After extracting the gold from a mine, ____ has allowed companies to walk away from cleaning up their mining
operations.
a.
poor enforcement
b.
relaxed environmental laws
c.
market price
d.
bankruptcy
e.
outdated mining laws
12.3 What are the environmental effects of using nonrenewable mineral resources?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.3 – Outline the harmful environmental effects of extracting and using the
earth’s crust.
26. What toxic chemical do miners in poverty stricken countries use for mining gold?
a.
sulfuric acid
b.
mercury
c.
cyanide salts
d.
arsenic
e.
nitric acid
12.3 What are the environmental effects of using nonrenewable mineral resources?
27. What kind of movement does the heat within the core and mantle directly generate?
a.
convection cells or currents
b.
tsunamis
c.
earthquakes in the crust
d.
landslides
e.
seismic tremors within a volcano
a
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
28. What part of the mantle is the volume of hot, partly melted rock that flows?
a.
magma
b.
outer mantle
c.
inner mantle
d.
asthenosphere
e.
lithosphere
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
diagrams.
29. Where do the majority of earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
a.
in the interior of continents
b.
on oceanic islands
c.
along the edge of plate boundaries
d.
in the open ocean
e.
in the U.S.
c
30. What do we call the combination of crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle?
a.
oceanic crust
b.
asthenosphere
c.
lithosphere
d.
outer mantle
e.
rigid plates
c
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
31. Where is the focus of an earthquake located?
a.
deep underground at the very source of the earthquake
b.
at the point on land where the majority of movement, and the majority of damage, occurs
c.
at the point on land where the earthquake is first detected by a seismograph
d.
at the exact middle point of the earthquake’s origin along the length of two faults
e.
on the earth’s surface directly above the origin of the earthquake
a
12.5 What are the earth’s major geological hazards?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.1.4 – Explain how earthquakes occur.
32. Forces inside the earth’s mantle put tremendous stress on rock within the crust. Such stresses can be great enough to
cause sudden breakage and shifting of the rock, producing ____ in the earth’s crust.
a.
acidification
b.
convection
c.
faults
d.
subduction
e.
crystallization
c
12.5 What are the earth’s major geological hazards?
33. The location of plate boundaries is most helpful is predicting the ____.
a.
formation of waterfalls and river canyons
b.
location of potential geologic hazards
c.
formation of ocean currents
12.5 What are the earth’s major geological hazards?
diagrams.
Chapter 12 – Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
d.
location of endangered species
e.
formation of weather
12.5 What are the earth’s major geological hazards?
34. What is a reason that the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean caused so much devastation and death?
a.
lack of attention to dire predictions from emergency warning centers
b.
indicators of a weak storm by early detection systems
c.
no recording devices in place to provide an early warning of this tsunami
d.
no knowledge of the potential of earthquakes in this region
e.
assumptions that tsunamis caused little harm until this event
35. What process moves large volumes of rock and heat within Earth’s mantle like giant conveyer belts?
a.
convection current
b.
seismic activity
c.
plate motion
d.
subduction
e.
magmatism
a
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
36. Although computer chips are partly made of crystals manufactured in a factory by humans, why is it that these chips
cannot be called minerals?
a.
They do not exist in large enough quantities.
b.
They are not naturally occurring.
c.
They contain organic materials.
d.
They are not entirely solid.
e.
They contain no inorganic components.
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.2.1 – Compare the characteristics of the three major types of rocks.
37. What major rock type is a limestone?
a.
organic
Chapter 12 – Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
b.
igneous
c.
metamorphic
d.
sedimentary
e.
crystalline
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.2.1 – Compare the characteristics of the three major types of rocks.
38. What rock is formed when shale and mudstone are heated?
a.
coal
b.
limestone
c.
granite
d.
slate
e.
marble
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.2.1 – Compare the characteristics of the three major types of rocks.
39. What is the process that changes rocks from one variety to another when subjected to high temperatures (which may
cause it to melt partially), high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these agents?
a.
magmatism
b.
metamorphism
c.
convection
d.
volcanism
e.
subduction
Chapter 12 Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
40. What rock is most likely to be formed from compacted shells and skeletons?
a.
coal
b.
limestone
c.
rock salt
d.
marble
e.
granite
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.2.1 – Compare the characteristics of the three major types of rocks.
41. What rock is most likely to be formed from compacted plant remains?
Chapter 12 – Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
a.
coal
b.
limestone
c.
rock salt
d.
marble
e.
granite
a
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.2.1 – Compare the characteristics of the three major types of rocks.
42. Lignite and bituminous coal are ____ rocks.
a.
metamorphic
b.
igneous
c.
tectonic
d.
ore
e.
sedimentary
e
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.2.1 – Compare the characteristics of the three major types of rocks.
43. The ____ cycle is the slowest of Earth’s processes.
a.
hydrologic
b.
rock
c.
convection
d.
mineral formation
e.
metamorphic
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
44. Slate and marble are ____ rocks.
a.
primary
b.
secondary
c.
metamorphic
d.
igneous
e.
sedimentary
c
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.2.1 – Compare the characteristics of the three major types of rocks.
45. A(n) ____ contains a large enough concentration of a particular mineral to make it profitable for mining and
Chapter 12 – Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
processing.
a.
organic mineral
b.
ore
c.
open-pit
d.
area strip mine
e.
ocean mineral deposit
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
46. Sand is composed mostly of ____ and is used to make glass, bricks, and concrete for the construction of roads and
buildings.
a.
shells, skeletons, and other remains of dead aquatic organisms
b.
aluminum
c.
phosphate salts
d.
silicon dioxide (SiO2)
e.
calcium carbonate, or CaCO3
12.1 What are the earth’s major geological processes and what are mineral resources?
47. What is a mining technique in which shallow mineral deposits are removed by surface mining and involves the
removal of vegetation, soil, and rock overlying a mineral deposit?
a.
mountaintop removal
b.
contour strip
c.
surface
d.
open-pit
e.
strip
c
12.3 What are the environmental effects of using nonrenewable mineral resources?
ENVS.MLSP.16.12.3.3 – Outline the five ways of mining mineral deposits.
48. The greatest environmental impact would be caused by mining for ____ ore.
a.
a high-grade
b.
a moderate-grade
c.
a low-grade
d.
biomining
e.
hydrothermal
c