Chapter 12 – Body Defenses
1. The primary foreign enemies against which the immune system defends are:
a.
mold and fungi
b.
bacteria and parasites
c.
bacteria and viruses
d.
bacteria and fungi
e.
viruses and parasites
c
12.1 Immune System: Targets, Effectors, Components
HUPH.SHER.16.12.1.1 – Contrast pathogenic bacteria with viruses
2. What is virulence?
a.
The disease-producing power of a pathogen
b.
The toxicity of a virus
c.
The strength of a microorganism
d.
The number of pathogens in the body
e.
The deadliness of a toxin
a
12.1 Immune System: Targets, Effectors, Components
HUPH.SHER.16.12.1.1 – Contrast pathogenic bacteria with viruses
3. What cells are responsible for the body’s immune system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
e
12.1 Immune System: Targets, Effectors, Components
HUPH.SHER.16.12.1.2 – Discuss the role of leukocytes in the immune system
4. What are the two types of lymphocytes?
a.
plasma cells and macrophages
b.
B cells and T cells
c.
A lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
d.
monocytes and basophils
e.
neutrophils and eosinophils
HUPH.SHER.16.12.1.2 – Discuss the role of leukocytes in the immune system
5. The innate immune system encompasses what type of immune response?
Chapter 12 – Body Defenses
a.
autoimmune
b.
tailored
c.
varied
d.
nonspecific
e.
specific
12.1 Immune System: Targets, Effectors, Components
6. What are the phagocytic specialists?
a.
eosinophils and macrophages
b.
neutrophils and macrophages
c.
neutrophils and eosinophils
d.
basophils and erythrocytes
e.
basophils and monocytes
12.2 Innate Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.2.1 – Outline the sequence of events during inflammation
7. During the inflammation response, what components of the immune system are sent to the invaded or injured area?
a.
eosinophils and basophils
b.
monocytes and fatty acids
c.
macrophages and eosinophils
d.
neutrophils and monocytes
e.
natural killer cells and plasma proteins
12.2 Innate Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.2.1 – Outline the sequence of events during inflammation
8. What cause neutrophils and monocytes to stick to the blood vessel wall during an inflammatory response?
a.
natural killer cells
b.
interferon
c.
cytokines
d.
basophils
e.
eosinophils
c
HUPH.SHER.16.12.2 – Discuss the four defenses adopted by the innate immune system
9. The process by which neutrophils and monocytes squeeze out between cells of the blood vessel wall during an
Chapter 12 – Body Defenses
inflammatory response is known as:
a.
diapedesis
b.
chemotaxi
c.
activation
d.
infiltration
e.
arterial passage
a
12.2 Innate Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.2.1 – Outline the sequence of events during inflammation
10. What cells release histamine?
a.
mast cells
b.
goblet cells
c.
eosinophils
d.
macrophages
e.
monocytes
a
12.2 Innate Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.2.1 – Outline the sequence of events during inflammation
11. What effect does histamine have?
a.
reduced local edema
b.
increased erythrocyte proliferation
c.
reduced capillary permeability
d.
vasoconstriction
e.
vasodilation
e
12.2 Innate Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.2.1 – Outline the sequence of events during inflammation
12. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate mirror images of:
a.
macrophages
b.
natural killer cells
c.
helper T cells
d.
B cells
e.
interferon
c
HUPH.SHER.16.12.2.1 – Outline the sequence of events during inflammation
13. What kind of immunity involves the production of activated T lymphocytes?
Chapter 12 – Body Defenses
a.
lymphocyte
b.
antibody mediated
c.
humoral
d.
cell-mediated
e.
non-adaptive
12.3 Adaptive Immunity: General Concepts
HUPH.SHER.16.12.3.1 – Distinguish between the two classes of adaptive immune responses
14. What is the most common type of antigen?
a.
viruses
b.
foreign proteins
c.
bacteria
d.
parasites
e.
cancer cells
12.3 Adaptive Immunity: General Concepts
HUPH.SHER.16.12.3.2 – Explain the process of target detection of lymphocytes
15. Most antigens to which B cells respond are:
a.
B-dependent antigens
b.
T-dependent antigens
c.
B antibodies
d.
T antibodies
e.
T cells
12.4 B Lymphocytes: Antibody-Mediated Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.4.1 – Explain the effect of antigens on B cells
16. What is another term for antibodies?
a.
immunoglobulins
b.
a globulins
c.
antigens
d.
plasma bodies
e.
pathogenic microorganisms
a
12.4 B Lymphocytes: Antibody-Mediated Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.4.1 – Explain the effect of antigens on B cells
17. How are antibodies shaped?
Chapter 12 – Body Defenses
a.
like an O
b.
like an M
c.
like an E
d.
like a Y
e.
like an X
12.4 B Lymphocytes: Antibody-Mediated Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.4.2 – Describe the structure of an antibody
18. How do antibodies physically hinder some antigens from exerting their detrimental effects?
a.
agglutination and engulfing
b.
agglutination and lysing
c.
lysing and membrane destruction
d.
neutralization and engulfing
e.
neutralization and agglutination
12.4 B Lymphocytes: Antibody-Mediated Immunity
19. How many B lymphocytes are people equipped with?
a.
1 million
b.
10 million
c.
100 million
d.
1 billion
e.
10 billion
12.4 B Lymphocytes: Antibody-Mediated Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.4.4 – Explain the clonal selection theory
20. What mediates the primary response?
a.
IgA antibodies
b.
T cells
c.
IgM antibodies
d.
B cells
e.
IgG antibodies
HUPH.SHER.16.12.4.5 – Compare primary and secondary immune responses
21. What kind of antibody does a baby receive from its mother’s colostrums (first milk)?
Chapter 12 – Body Defenses
a.
IgA
b.
IgB
c.
IgC
d.
IgG
e.
IgM
a
22. What is the term for cellular suicide?
a.
neutralization
b.
diapedesis
c.
mediation
d.
apoptosis
e.
necrosis
23. How many types of T cells are there?
a.
two
b.
three
c.
four
d.
five
e.
six
24. The targets of cytotoxic T cells most frequently are host cells infected with:
a.
bacteria
b.
fungi
c.
viruses
d.
parasites
e.
mold
c
25. Helper T cells secrete several interleukins that serve collectively as a(n):
Chapter 12 – Body Defenses
a.
apoptosis factor
b.
interleukin growth factor
c.
histamine regulator
d.
T-cell growth factor
e.
B-cell growth factor
e
12.5 T Lymphocytes: Cell-Mediated Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.5.3 – Describe five helper T-cell cytokines
26. What kind of helper T cells does HIV (the AIDS virus) selectively invade?
a.
TH1
b.
TH2
c.
TFH
d.
CD3+
e.
CD4+
e
12.5 T Lymphocytes: Cell-Mediated Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.5.3 – Describe five helper T-cell cytokines
27. What type of cytotoxic T cells respond to foreign antigens only in association with class I MHC glycoproteins?
a.
CD8+
b.
CD7+
c.
CD6+
d.
CD5+
e.
CD4+
a
12.5 T Lymphocytes: Cell-Mediated Immunity
28. What is another term for immunological ignorance?
a.
active suppression
b.
antigen sequestering
c.
clonal deletion
d.
clonal anergy
e.
receptor editing
HUPH.SHER.16.12.5.6 – Explain eight mechanisms involved in tolerance
29. What is an example of an autoimmune disease?
Chapter 12 – Body Defenses
a.
osteoarthritis
b.
cancer
c.
multiple sclerosis
d.
type 2 diabetes
e.
gout
c
12.5 T Lymphocytes: Cell-Mediated Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.5.7 – List four causes of autoimmune diseases
30. The spreading of cancer cells around the body from the original source is called:
a.
diapedesis
b.
apoptosis
c.
benign
d.
malignant
e.
metastasis
e
12.5 T Lymphocytes: Cell-Mediated Immunity
HUPH.SHER.16.12.5.8 – Discuss immune surveillance of the T-cell system against cancer
31. What two major regulatory systems in the body have the most influence on the immune system?
a.
circulatory and digestive
b.
circulatory and endocrine systems
c.
digestive and endocrine systems
d.
nervous and endocrine systems
e.
nervous and digestive systems
12.5 T Lymphocytes: Cell-Mediated Immunity
32. Immunodeficiency diseases can be congenital, which means:
a.
deadly
b.
present at birth
c.
acquired in childhood
d.
acquired in adulthood
e.
environmentally related
system can lead to immune diseases
33. What is the most common acquired immunodeficiency disease?
a.
AIDS
b.
allergies
c.
rheumatoid arthritis
d.
type 1 diabetes
e.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
a
Bloom’s: Remember
12.6 Immune Diseases
HUPH.SHER.16.12.6.1 – Discuss two causes of immunodeficiency diseases
34. When a person with an allergic tendency is first exposed to a particular allergen, what cytokine is secreted by
compatible helper T cells?
a.
IL-2
b.
IL-3
c.
IL-4
d.
IL-5
e.
IL-6
c
Bloom’s: Remember
12.6 Immune Diseases
HUPH.SHER.16.12.6.2 – Differentiate between immediate and delayed hypersensitivities
35. If an immediate hypersensitivity reaction is concentrated primarily within the bronchioles, what condition results?
a.
hay fever
b.
asthma
c.
lung cancer
d.
bronchitis
e.
pulmonary edema
Bloom’s: Remember
12.6 Immune Diseases
HUPH.SHER.16.12.6.2 – Differentiate between immediate and delayed hypersensitivities
36. All of the epithelial surfaces are protected by antimicrobial peptides called:
a.
interleukins
b.
interferons
c.
histamine granules
d.
defensins
e.
chemotactic factor
Bloom’s: Remember
12.7 External Defenses
HUPH.SHER.16.12.7 – Summarize the role of skin as an external defense mechanism
37. How many layers comprise the skin?
a.
six
b.
five
c.
four
d.
three
e.
two
e
12.7 External Defenses
HUPH.SHER.16.12.7.1 – Describe the anatomy of the skin
38. What layer of the skin is keratinized?
a.
fatty layer
b.
vascular layer
c.
hypodermis
d.
epidermis
e.
dermis
12.7 External Defenses
HUPH.SHER.16.12.7.1 – Describe the anatomy of the skin
39. What cells in the epidermis are responsible for the shades of skin color of the various races?
a.
keratinocytes
b.
Langerhans cells
c.
Granstein cells
d.
transient T lymphocytes
e.
melanocytes
e
12.7 External Defenses
40. What are the phagocytic specialists called that are within the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs?
a.
alveolar macrophages
b.
lung neutrophils
c.
respiratory phagocytes
d.
pulmonary scavengers
e.
air sac scavengers
a
12.7 External Defenses
41. Bacteria are non-nucleated, single-celled microorganisms self-equipped with all the machinery essential for their
survival and reproduction.
a.
True
b.
False
42. T lymphocytes directly destroy virus-invaded cells and mutant cells by releasing chemicals that punch lethal holes in
the victim cells.
a.
True
b.
False
True
43. The adaptive immune system prepares its defenses for nonspecific pathogens.
a.
True
b.
False
False
44. As a more subtle means of destruction, neutrophils secrete lactoferrin, a protein that tightly binds with iron, making it
unavailable for use by invading bacteria.
a.
True
b.
False
True
45. Aspirin interferes with the inflammatory response by decreasing interferon release.
a.
True
b.
False
False
46. Natural killer (NK) cells are naturally occurring leukocytes that nonspecifically destroy bacteria-infected cells and
Chapter 12 – Body Defenses
cancer cells.
a.
True
b.
False
False
47. Interferon released from virus-infected cells binds with other uninvaded host cells and induces these cells to produce
inactive enzymes capable of blocking viral replication.
a.
True
b.
False
True
48. Membrane attack complexes can be formed and lyse a microbe within 0.1 millisecond.
a.
True
b.
False
False
49. On being released into the blood from either the bone marrow or the spleen, mature A and B cells take up residence
and establish lymphocyte colonies in the peripheral lymphoid tissues.
a.
True
b.
False
False
50. An antigen is a large, unique molecule that triggers a specific immune response against itself, such as generation of
antibodies that lead to its destruction.
a.
True
b.
False
True
51. The currently accepted clonal selection theory proposes that diverse B lymphocytes are produced during fetal
development, each capable of synthesizing an antibody against a particular antigen before ever being exposed to it.
a.
True