Chapter 12—Safety, Health, Well-Being, and Security
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The conditions on the job that can harm employees are called
a.
safety hazards.
b.
health hazards.
c.
interpersonal hazards.
d.
motivation factors.
e.
hygiene factors.
2. The conditions on the job that can slowly harm an employee’s are called
a.
safety hazards.
b.
health hazards.
c.
interpersonal hazards.
d.
motivation factors.
e.
hygiene factors.
3. One of the most dangerous occupations in the United States is
a.
business executive.
b.
plumber.
c.
bus driver.
d.
construction.
e.
environmental engineer.
4. The ____ Act of 1970 is a comprehensive law that enforces safety in organizations.
a.
Work Hazards
b.
Occupational Performance
c.
Safety and Response
d.
Safe Working Environment
e.
Occupational Safety and Health
5. A construction company has determined that some of its organizational practices can cause serious
health hazards to its employees. Besides changing some of these practices, the company needs to
a.
cover up this information.
b.
benchmark other companies.
c.
report these problems to OSHA.
d.
implement sensitivity training.
e.
advance an ethics code.
6. ____ are individuals who carefully examine the safety elements of the workplace and advance solutions
to safety problems.
a.
Safety engineers
b.
TQM experts
c.
Quality control specialists
d.
Environmental impact experts
e.
Process engineers
7. ____ indicate to people when they should eat and sleep.
a.
Circadian rhythms
b.
Hyper processes
c.
Psycho-dynamic processes
d.
Behavioral patterns
e.
Security needs
8. A study of construction accidents found they occur most often in the later hours of work. Which work
schedule would be the worst for construction workers?
a.
Standard
b.
Rotating shifts
c.
Compressed
d.
Circadian shifts
e.
Enrichment shifts
9. The physical environment seems to have the strongest affect on
a.
attitude.
b.
safety.
c.
performance.
d.
stress.
e.
productivity.
10. Livinia has a job making cardboard boxes, a simple task. To improve productivity, the company should
a.
make lighting brighter.
b.
play music.
c.
keep the temperature cold.
d.
make lighting darker.
e.
keep the temperature hot.
11. The stressors associated with getting along with coworkers would likely be referred to as
a.
TQM demands.
b.
enrichment demands.
c.
physical demands.
d.
task demands.
e.
interpersonal demands.
12. Which of the following individual traits would likely improve a person’s response to stress?
a.
Type A personality
b.
Type B personality
c.
Low self esteem
d.
Low hardiness
e.
All of these
13. Which the following can be a consequence of stress?
a.
Burnout
b.
Turnover
c.
Absenteeism
d.
Dysfunctional behavior
e.
All of these
14. Redesigning the workplace to be less stressful would be considered a(n) ____ program.
a.
enrichment
b.
collateral stress
c.
institutional
d.
quality approach
e.
paired sample
15. Factors in the physical environment, such as lighting, temperature, music, and office layout, have an
impact on all of the following EXCEPT
a.
productivity.
b.
worker stress.
c.
work attitudes.
d.
profitability.
e.
job performance.
16. Which of the following is a difference between health hazards and safety hazards?
a.
Safety hazards cause more serious injuries than health hazards.
b.
Health hazards cause more serious injuries than safety hazards.
c.
Safety hazards have a more cumulative effect than health hazards.
d.
Health hazards work more slowly and systematically than safety hazards.
e.
Health hazards can be eliminated; safety hazards cannot be eliminated.
17. Which of the following is a personal action of individual employees that can be a common workplace
hazard?
a.
Exposure to chemicals
b.
Failing to wear protective equipment
c.
Improper training
d.
Using improperly guarded machines
e.
Poor lighting or ventilation
18. Workers who were employed in factories that made insulation containing asbestos breathed in tiny
particles of the material, causing a very serious occupational illness. Asbestos particles in the air
constitute
a.
defective equipment.
b.
a safety hazard.
c.
a health hazard.
d.
a personal action.
e.
poor ventilation.
19. What federal agency enforces the Occupational Safety and Health Act?
a.
Department of Health
b.
Department of Labor
c.
World Health Organization
d.
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
e.
National Institutes of Health
20. In 2002, a Cargill employee accidentally died on the job. If OSHA finds that Cargill is guilty of a major
violation of safety regulations, then Cargill may
a.
have to compensate the employee’s surviving family members.
b.
be forced into bankruptcy.
c.
be fined up to $10,000 per violation.
d.
have to issue a public apology.
e.
be fined up to $1,000,000 per violation.
21. A ChemFirst Inc. chemical processing plant in Pascagoula, Mississippi, experienced an explosion.
ChemFirst sent a team of employees from their headquarters unit to study the situation and make
recommendations for improvements in plant design. These employees are
a.
safety engineers.
b.
operating workers.
c.
top managers.
d.
OSHA inspectors.
e.
outside consultants.
22. When Guy uses cancer-causing chemical solvents to clean machinery at his auto body and paint shop, he
wears thick rubber gloves, rubber boots, and a breathing mask. Guy is
a.
avoiding occupational disease.
b.
controlling safety hazards.
c.
obeying OSHA regulations.
d.
reducing his health insurance costs.
e.
being overly cautious.
23. In her job as a flight attendant, Courtney must be on her feet for long periods of time, lift baggage and
push food carts, and spend a lot of time in crowded, poorly ventilated, noisy jets. Courtney experiences
high levels of ____ demands on her job.
a.
task
b.
role
c.
interpersonal
d.
physical
e.
ambiguous
24. Which of the following is an organizational consequence of stress?
a.
Appetite disorders
b.
Backaches
c.
Sleep disruption
d.
Ulcers
e.
Absenteeism
25. U.S. Marines that are deployed bring with them a medical unit that includes specialists in managing and
controlling the effects of stress. This is an example of a(n)
a.
occupational disease prevention program.
b.
collateral stress program.
c.
physical fitness program.
d.
accident prevention program.
e.
institutional program.
26. The physical work environment has an impact on all of the following EXCEPT
a.
personality.
b.
health.
c.
productivity.
d.
attitude.
e.
safety.
27. Firefighters have one of the most stressful jobs. Their employers use all of the following EXCEPT
______ to increase security.
a.
training
b.
safety officer
c.
pensions
d.
privacy monitors
e.
life insurance
28. Security can be threatened by all of the following EXCEPT
a.
layoffs.
b.
bombings.
c.
insurance.
d.
kidnapping.
e.
accidents.
29. Which of the following can actually reduce experienced stress?
a.
External locus of control
b.
Type A personality
c.
Sleep disruption
d.
Clearly defined work demands
e.
Hardiness
30. When employees perceive their work environments as ____, they are generally less satisfied with their
jobs.
a.
dark
b.
cold
c.
hot
d.
too quiet
e.
all of these
Scenario 12.1
Jude Logan is a human resource manager for a large manufacturing company. He is responsible for
helping line managers monitor safety awareness in the company through various training initiatives and
safety seminars. The work performed in the company can indeed be hazardous. For instance, many
employees must work with machinery that can cause personal injury, the work is performed in shifts
under adverse temperatures, and the various job activities require employees to get along and coordinate
well with others. Additionally, if the work is not performed competently, faulty products might
ultimately physically harm the customers who use them. Jude has developed various programs to
mitigate concerns about stress on the job, including an employee feedback system that gives individuals
the opportunity to help improve the workplace, as well as an on-site workout facility.
31. Refer to Scenario 12.1. The stressors associated with getting along and coordinating well with other
workers involve
a.
TQM demands.
b.
enrichment demands.
c.
physical demands.
d.
task demands.
e.
interpersonal demands.
32. Refer to Scenario 12.1. The stressors associated with the importance of performing work competently
involve
a.
TQM demands.
b.
enrichment demands.
c.
physical demands.
d.
task demands.
e.
interpersonal demands.
33. Refer to Scenario 12.1. The stressors associated with the shift work being performed in adverse
temperatures involve
a.
TQM demands.
b.
enrichment demands.
c.
physical demands.
d.
task demands.
e.
interpersonal demands.
34. Refer to Scenario 12.1. The workout facility is considered a(n) ____ program.
a.
enrichment
b.
collateral stress
c.
institutional
d.
quality approach
e.
paired sample
35. Refer to Scenario 12.1. The feedback program is considered a(n) ____ program.
a.
enrichment
b.
collateral stress
c.
institutional
d.
quality approach
e.
paired sample
TRUE/FALSE
36. If an employee requests an inspection from OSHA, his or her identity is revealed to the company being
visited.
37. Employers must report immediately and directly to OSHA all accidents and illnesses that result in death.
38. The use of personal stereos on the job degrades both attitudes and performance, especially on relatively
simple jobs.
39. Nika’s office is so cold her peers call it the meat locker. Research suggest the cold temperature will
improve Nika’s productivity.
40. Despite much speculation, the physical layout of office space and the use of dividers and cubicles do not
directly influence attitudes and behaviors.
41. The fact that the job of football coach is more stressful than equipment manager is due to differences in
physical demands.
42. Stress occurs from role ambiguity and role conflict, which are both considered part of interpersonal
demands.
43. GE hires drivers for executives. The drivers have prior security experience with the military or FBI.
This is a response to the privacy threat to many U.S. executives.
44. Security and privacy are always inversely related. Meaning more security means an equal lose of
privacy.
45. Despite the increased sources of stress in the world, people everywhere handle stress the same.
SHORT ANSWER
46. Identify and discuss the individual characteristics that impact how a person experiences stress.
47. How does the physical work environment affect productivity?
48. Four years after Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans a “happiness” study by the Center for
Disease Control reported that the people of New Orleans were the happiest. Explain these results.
What can people learn from this report?
49. Name some ways to control accidents at work.
50. Describe the causes of stress at work.
