1. A buyer and seller of stolen merchandise is often referred to as a .
2. An act in violation of the criminal law that is designed to bring financial gain to the offender is known as
.
3. are thieves who typically work in the larger cities, such as London and Paris. This group includes
pickpockets, forgers, and counterfeiters, who operate freely.
4. As a group, move freely in sparsely populated areas and transport goods such as spirits, gems, and
gold.
5. were public meeting places that served as headquarters for gangs in the
eighteenth century.
6. In contrast to occasional thieves, are criminals who make a significant portion of their
income from crime.
7. are not professional criminals. They are amateur criminals whose decision to steal is
spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled, unplanned, and haphazard.
8. is the concept that describes occasional property crimes occurring when an opportunity is
available.
9. buy and sell stolen property as one of the many ways they make a living.
10. The critical role of a “merchant” in criminal transactions has been recognized since the eighteenth century. A
is a buyer and seller of stolen merchandise.
11. Of the 6 million larcenies recorded each year by the UCR, about percent are shoplifting
incidents.
12. The taking of goods from a retail store without payment is known as .
13. larceny is a felony punishable by a sentence in state prison.
14. is a type of car theft that occurs when a gunman forces the car’s owner to give up the keys.
15. are the majority of check forgers who do not believe their actions will hurt anyone.
16. are usually respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves, but are systematic
shoplifters who steal merchandise for their own use.
17. A common method of swindling money out of an innocent victim is known as the .
18. To encourage the arrest of shoplifters, a number of states have passed designed to
protect retailers and their employers from litigation stemming from improper or false arrests of suspected
shoplifters.
19. Professionals who make a living by passing bad checks are known as .
20. A device with a false bottom that can be opened and shut by a professional shoplifter, lined with metal or some
other substance to prevent security tags from setting off alarms, and placed over merchandise is known as a
.
21. involve putting dummy or disabled goods on display while the real merchandise is kept
under lock and key.
22. The process of depositing a check from one bank account into a second bank account without sufficient funds to
cover it is known as .
23. The crime of involves a wrongdoer’s misrepresenting a fact in a way that causes a victim
to willingly give his or her property to the wrongdoer, who then keeps it.
24. is a crime that occurs when someone who is trusted with property fraudulently converts it.
25. A burglar who has technical competence, who maintains personal integrity, who specializes in burglary, and who
has financial success and the ability to avoid prison sentences is called a .
26. involves a business owner burning his or her property, or hiring someone to do it, to
escape financial problems.
27. Public meeting places, often taverns, that served as headquarters for gangs and thieves in the eighteenth century
were known as:
a. flash houses. b. pigeon drops.
c. booster shops. d. cannon houses.
28. By the eighteenth century, which of these types of property criminals lived in the country and supplemented their
diet and income with game that belonged to a landlord?
a. skilled thieves b. smugglers
c. poachers d. animal thieves
29. Eighteenth-century thieves who moved freely in sparsely populated areas and transported goods, such as spirits,
gems, gold, and spices, without bothering to pay tax or duty were known as:
a. skilled thieves. b. poachers.
c. smugglers. d. burglars.
30. Misrepresenting a fact in a way that causes a victim to willingly give his or her property to the wrongdoer, who
then keeps it, is known as:
a. factual pretense. b. fraud.
c. naïve pretense. d. opportunistic pretense.
31. In the nineteenth century, two new forms of theft appeared as a result of changes in society. What were these new
crimes?
a. train robbery and safecracking b. fraud and false pretenses
c. gambling and fire setting d. stage coach robbery and mail banditry
32. Criminal acts designed to bring financial reward to an offender are known as:
a. financial crimes. b. situational inducements.
c. economic crimes. d. fiscal crimes.
33. In contrast to occasional thieves, criminals who make a significant portion of their income from crime are known
as:
a. proficient offenders. b. professional criminals.
c. specialized criminals. d. trained offenders.
34. Amateur criminals whose decisions to steal are spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled, unplanned, and
haphazard are known as:
a. professional criminals. b. situational criminals.
c. snitches. d. occasional criminals.
35. The best-known account of professional theft is the life of Chic Conwell, in classic book The
Professional Thief.
a. Edwin Sutherland‘s b. Lawrence Craft Driscoll’s
c. Paul Klenowski‘s d. Robert Merton‘s
36. Sutherland’s concept of professional theft has two critical dimensions. First, thieves engage in limited types of
crime. The second requirement is the:
a. exclusive use of wits, front, and talking ability.
b. exclusive use of professional fences and local banking institutions.
c. exclusive use of professional fences and offshore banking institutions.
d. exclusive use of observation, media reports, and Internet information
37. Occasional property crimes occur when there is an opportunity or:
a. situational inducement. b. systematic inducement.
c. enticing inducement. d. compelling inducement.
38. Which of the following earns his or her living solely by buying and reselling stolen merchandise?
a. opportunistic thief b. professional thief
c. petty thief d. fence
39. are amateur fences who barter stolen goods for services.
a. Assistant fences b. Associational fences
c. Amateur fences d. Opportunity fences
40. A successful fence must meet which of the following conditions?
a. upfront cash b. complicity with law enforcers
c. connections with buyers d. all of the above
41. Professional thieves who steal high-priced items usually get about percent of the wholesale price.
a. 10 to 20 b. 5 to 15
c. 30 to 50 d. 50 to 70
42. buy and sell stolen property as one of the many ways that they make a living. They typically keep some
of the profit and share some with the community.
a. Neighborhood hustlers b. Amateur receivers
c. Associational fences d. Associated receivers
43. Complete strangers approached in a public place by someone offering a great deal on valuable commodities
would be called:
a. amateur receivers b. associational fences
c. professional fences d. neighborhood hustlers
44. A buyer and seller of stolen merchandise is known as a:
a.
snitch.
b. booster.
c. cannon. d. fence.
45. Car theft usually motivated by a teenager’s desire to acquire the power, prestige, sexual potency, and recognition
associated with an automobile is known as:
a.
carjacking.
b. joyriding.
c. prestige-jacking. d. situational inducement.
46. A type of auto theft involving gunmen approaching a car and forcing the owner to give up the keys is known as:
a.
carjacking.
b. joyriding.
c. prestige-jacking. d. situational inducement.
47. What do we know about systematic check forgers?
a. They are risk–prone when faced with a situation that is unusually stressful for them.
b. They constitute a relatively large segment of the total population of check forgers.
c. They make a substantial living by cashing bad checks.
d. They are usually isolated people, unsuccessful in their personal relationships.
48. Which of the following is the use of a stolen check, which is then endorsed and cashed or deposited by someone
other than the payee?
a. altered checks b. check kiting
c. forged endorsements d. organized diving
49. Usually respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves, but are systematic shoplifters who
steal merchandise for their own use are called:
a. boosters. b. professional criminals.
c. burglars. d. snitches.
50. Professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandise to pawnshops or fences are
known as:
a. cannons or receivers. b. good burglars.
c. heels or boosters. d. snitches.
51. Using dummy or disabled goods for retail display while having the real merchandise kept under lock and key, a
technique used with high-cost electronic devices, is known as:
a. a target-removal strategy. b. a target-hardening strategy.
c. an electronic surveillance system. d. source tagging.
52. Which of the following is a prevention strategy to reduce or eliminate shoplifting?
a. electronic article surveillance. b. source tagging.
c. target removal. d. all of the above.
53. When caught, shoplifters try to rationalize their behavior. Cromwell and Thurman found widespread use of which
social process theory?
a. neutralization theory b. social bond theory
c. labeling theory d. differential enforcement theory
54. The majority of check forgers who do not believe their actions will hurt anyone and usually cash bad checks
because of a financial crisis are known as:
a. constructive check forgers. b. systematic check forgers.
c. good check forgers. d. naïve check forgers.
55. To combat losses from credit card theft, Congress passed a law in 1971 limiting a person’s liability to per
stolen card.
a. $25 b. $50
c. $100 d. $500
56. Most naïve check forgers come from backgrounds and have little identification with a criminal subculture.
a.
lower–class
b. middle–class
c. upper-class d. poverty-level
57. Embezzlement is distinguished from fraud on the basis of:
a. whether the act occurred against an organization or an individual.
b. the number of actors “working the scheme.”
c. the dollar value of what was taken and the absence of using a weapon to perpetrate the criminal act.
d. when the criminal intent was formed and that a serious breach of trust has taken place.