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True / False
1. Three corporate strategies for policing discussed at Harvard’s Executive Sessions on Policing were strategic policing,
community policing, and problem-solving policing.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The authors of the seminal article “‘Broken Windows’: Police and Neighborhood Safety” were O. W. Wilson and
Wesley K. Skogan.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The concept of problem-oriented policing can be attributed to Herman Goldstein.
a.
True
b.
False
4. The 41st Precinct in the Bronx earned the nickname “The Alamo.”
a.
True
b.
False
5. Researchers who traveled to St. Petersburg, Florida, to observe changes occurring in police roles and police–
community relations after the implementation of community policing found that the citizens seemed satisfied with
community policing.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The four elements of the problem-solving strategy are: scanning, analysis, planning, and response.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Surveys indicate that the public does not support community policing and those strategies that are indicative of
community policing.
a.
True
b.
False
8. The 1994 Crime Bill provided that all new police officers hired in the United States would be paid entirely by federal
funding.
a.
True
b.
False
9. In a resident officer program, a police officer works in the same neighborhood he or she lives in.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Many states and larger cities have created state and local fusion centers to share information and intelligence within
their jurisdictions as well as with the federal government.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Using a COPS methamphetamine grant, Salt Lake City established a task force involving more than 30 government
agencies working together to prevent the use and production of methamphetamine.
a.
True
b.
False
12. The FBI’s success in the fight against terrorism is directly related to the strength of their relationship with state and
local partners.
a.
True
b.
False
13. The Executive Sessions on Policing focused and debated on the use and price of:
a.
rolling traffic enforcement.
b.
adaptable computer databases.
c.
intelligence-led policing.
d.
community policing.
14. Which of the following was not one of the corporate strategies of policing described by the Executive Sessions on
Policing?
a.
team policing
b.
strategic policing
c.
community policing
d.
problem-solving policing
15. In the 1960s, changes in police management led to the abandonment of:
a.
bicycle patrol.
b.
two-man patrol units.
c.
foot patrol.
d.
equestrian patrol.
16. Many believe that modern community policing began with James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling’s article
“‘____________________’: The Police and Neighborhood Safety.”
a.
Littered Streets
b.
Disordered Communities
c.
Broken Windows
d.
Dangerous Streets
17. Which of the following is not one of the human behaviors found by Wesley Skogan to be extremely disruptive to the
community?
a.
public drinking
b.
youths firing gunshots into the air
c.
commercial sex
d.
street harassment
18. Which of the following is not one of the most important benefits of community policing, according to the scholar
Herman Goldstein?
a.
a more realistic acknowledgment of police functions
b.
a recognition of the interrelationships among police functions
c.
an acknowledgment of the limited capacity of the police to accomplish their jobs on their own and of the
importance of an alliance between the police and the public
d.
community control of the police
19. With incident-driven policing, officers tend to respond to similar incidents at the same location:
a.
once.
b.
as tactical response units.
c.
with problem-solving tactics.
d.
numerous times.
20. The concept of problem-solving policing can be attributed to:
a.
James Q. Wilson.
b.
Lee P. Brown.
c.
George Kelling.
d.
Herman Goldstein.
21. According to Herman Goldstein, traditional policing is:
a.
incident driven.
b.
community driven.
c.
patrol driven.
d.
service driven.
22. Problem-oriented policing involves officers dealing with the:
a.
underlying causes of incidents.
b.
things as they are before them.
c.
community pressures.
d.
management priorities.
23. When officers reach the assessment process in the SARA model of problem-solving, officers:
a.
plan further strategic movements.
b.
evaluate community policing.
c.
evaluate the effectiveness of the response.
d.
evaluate incident-driven policing.
24. Who founded the National Center for Community Policing in East Lansing, Michigan?
a.
Robert C. Trojanowicz
b.
Logan Stout
c.
Richard Hill
d.
Rick D. Patterson
25. The problem-oriented policing process necessitates improving various skill sets. One of those skill sets is:
a.
scanning.
b.
analysis.
c.
response.
d.
communication.
26. What involves a continued reliance on traditional policing operations?
a.
strategic policing
b.
community policing
c.
citizen-based policing
d.
political-based policing
27. Analyzing crime issues to determine the underlying problems and addressing those underlying problems is referred to
as:
a.
zero-tolerance policing.
b.
problem-solving policing.
c.
political-based policing.
d.
targeted policing.
28. The Office of Community Policing Services (COPS) is part of the ____________________.
a.
NIJ.
b.
FBI.
c.
president’s cabinet.
d.
Chicago Police Department.
29. The Regional Community Policing Institutes (RCPIs) are part of the _____ program.
a.
TOPS
b.
COPS
c.
TASP
d.
COGS
30. More than ____________________ RCPIs provide regional community policing training and technical assistance to
law enforcement around the country.
a.
5
b.
7
c.
9
d.
30
31. What is the philosophy of empowering citizens and developing a partnership between the police and the community to
work together to solve problems?
a.
community policing
b.
zero-tolerance policing
c.
political-based policing
d.
neighborhood policing
32. In what decade did increases in crime, technological advances, and changes in police management thinking lead to the
reduction of police foot patrols and their resultant ties to the community?
a.
1920s
b.
1940s
c.
1960s
d.
1990s
33. The real responsibility for proper police–community relations rests with ____________________.
a.
the police chief.
b.
the city manager.
c.
every police officer.
d.
the community relations officer.
34. Community-oriented policing is an approach toward crime that addresses the underlying causes of crime and
endeavors to apply ____________________ problem solving to the issue through improved police–community
relationships.
a.
rule-of-law
b.
long-term
c.
zero-tolerance
d.
short-term
35.
David L. Carter of Michigan State University explains that community policing:
a.
suddenly materialized as a new idea.
b.
evolved over time from research conducted by a wide range of scholars.
c.
is not widely accepted.
d.
is only the responsibility of police chiefs.
36. A very early attempt at community policing involving the development of decentralized neighborhood-based precincts
that served as “storefront” police stations was tried in what city?
a.
Detroit
b.
Tampa
c.
Miami
d.
Hattiesburg
37. What was the role of the New York City Police Department’s Community Patrol Officer Program?
a.
to serve high-risk warrants
b.
community surveillance
c.
to rid the neighborhoods of street gangs
d.
identification of neighborhood problems and development of short- and long-term strategies for solving them
38. In “Broken Windows” and Police Discretion, George L. Kelling notes that the community policing model
____________________ the use of police discretion among officers at all levels of the organization.
a.
reduces and limits
b.
contracts and discourages
c.
expands and encourages
d.
both a and b
39. Texas State University–San Marcos worked with the San Marcos, Texas, Police Department to develop the
____________________ campaign.
a.
Achieving Community Together (ACT)
b.
Increasing Arrest Rates (IAR)
c.
Community Crime Control (CCR)
d.
Keeping Campuses Safe (KCF)
40. Officers practicing incident-driven policing:
a.
seek to determine the underlying causes of incidents.
b.
act proactively by contacting merchants prior to an incident.
c.
tend to respond to similar incidents at the same location numerous times.
d.
generally walk a business beat and are not tied to a patrol car.
41. Which of the following is not part of a community policing operation?
a.
kiosks
b.
mini-stations
c.
storefront substations
d.
motorcycle traffic control
42. Community-oriented policing strategies have proven successful in:
a.
only cities with a population over 50,000.
b.
only cities with a population over 100,000.
c.
only cities with a population over 500,000.
d.
cities of all sizes.
43. The biggest recent threat to community policing and, consequently, the biggest criticism of community policing
initiatives is:
a.
the initial startup costs.
b.
the inability to keep police departments fully staffed and to keep money flowing to these initiatives.
c.
convincing local governmental leaders to participate in the programs.
d.
the capital investment for vehicles.
44. Many large cities, faced with rising crime problems, are eager to hire administrators who are familiar with CompStat
and “broken windows” policing, and who served under this successful police chief:
a.
Jimmy Johnson.
b.
Daryl Gates.
c.
William Bratton.
d.
Rick Patterson.
45. Many believe that the modern state of community policing began with a seminal 1982 article entitled __________.
46. The seminal article in the Atlantic Monthly that many believe was responsible for the modern state of community
policing was written by __________ and __________.
47. The argument that community preservation, public safety, and order maintenance, not crime fighting, should become
the primary focus of police patrol has come to be known as the __________ model approach to policing.
48. The idea of problem-solving policing can be attributed to __________.
49. __________ involves officers thinking, not just responding to yet another call for duty.
50. Community policing is more easily facilitated with the __________ available today, which helps police maximize
their outreach to the community.
51. __________ involves a continued reliance on traditional policing operations.
52. Programs through which officers live in particular communities to strengthen relations between the police and the
community are called __________.
53. __________ was established to administer the grant money provided by the 1994 Crime Bill and to promote
community policing.
54. The plan initiated in 1997 allowing police officers to receive 50 percent discounts and low-cost loans to purchase
homes in “distressed” areas nationwide was called the __________ program.
55. An untapped resource that can greatly contribute to the mission of keeping the homeland safe and that could prove to
be an extremely valuable partner to law enforcement is the __________industry.
56. A __________ is an organization composed of individuals from various federal, state, county, and municipal law
enforcement agencies in an area through which these individuals facilitate the gathering and sharing of intelligence
information and the evaluation of this information.
57. Define community policing, and give three specific examples of actual community policing programs.
58. Define problem-solving policing, and give three specific examples of actual problem-solving policing programs.
59. Discuss the importance of the research of scholars James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling to the concept of
community policing.
60. Discuss the contributions of Herman Goldstein to the concept of problem-solving policing.
61. Discuss how community policing strategies are being used in the fight against terror and the ways in which
community policing can contribute to homeland security.
62. Name three of the programs administered and supported by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
(COPS) of the U.S. Department of Justice and discuss them.
63. Discuss the successes of the New York Police Department and its experience with community policing.
64. Discuss the difference between problem-oriented policing and incident-driven policing.
65. Discuss the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services and the effect it has had on law enforcement. In your
opinion, has this office been a success? What have been the positive and negative aspects of this office?
66. Discuss how the war on terror has affected community policing.
67. What is the broken windows model of policing? Can an unrepaired broken window lead to a higher rate of
crime in a neighborhood? Do you think the broken windows model has validity in modern policing? Support
your argument.
68. Explain whether you believe the Officer Next Door program is effective? If the Officer Next Door program
is effective should the program be implemented in only metropolitan communities? What would be the smallest
community for which this program could be beneficial? Defend your position.
