Name:
Class:
Date:
Identify the following terms:
1. Mao Zedong
ANSWER:
2. New Democracy
ANSWER:
3. five-year plan
POINTS:
4. collectivization/collective farms
POINTS:
5. “people’s communes“
POINTS:
6. the Great Leap Forward
ANSWER:
POINTS:
7. “Hard work for a few years, happiness for a thousand”
ANSWER:
8. “like a Buddha on a shelf”
ANSWER:
9. Red Guards
ANSWER:
10. Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
POINTS:
11. “taking the capitalist road”
POINTS:
Name:
Class:
Date:
12. “uninterrupted revolution”
13. Little Red Book and “Mao Zedong Thought”
14. the “four olds”
15. Jiang Qing and the “Gang of Four“
16. Deng Xiaoping
17. the “Four Modernizations”
18. “Black cat, white cat, what does it matter so long as it catches the mice”
19. “Serve the people” v. “Create wealth for the people”
20. the “fifth modernization”
21. Fang Lizhi
22. Tiananmen Square, May 1989
23. Confucianism
Name:
Class:
Date:
24. 2008 Olympic Games
25. Hu Jintao
26. the Spratly Islands and Diaoyu Island
27. the “mass line”
28. Xinjiang’s Muslims
29. special economic zones
30. the “rural responsibility system”
31. “ten thousand dollar” households
32. 1950 Marriage Law
33. “politics of dependency”
34. the “Mao suit” vs. designer jeans
Name:
Class:
Date:
35. socialist realism v. “art for art’s sake”
Answer not provided.
36. Ding Ling’s The Sun Shines over the Sangan River
Answer not provided.
37. “literature of the wounded”
Answer not provided.
38. Bai Hua’s Bitter Love
Answer not provided.
39. Mo Yan’s The Garlic Ballads and Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out
Answer not provided.
40. Jiang Rong and Wolf Totem
Answer not provided.
41. iron rice bowl
Answer not provided.
42. Tibet
Answer not provided.
43. Zhao Ziyang
Answer not provided.
44. “A revolution is not a dinner party” was said by
a.
Chiang Kai-shek.
b.
Vladimir Lenin.
c.
Joseph Stalin.
d.
Chou Enlai.
e.
Mao Zedong.
p. 252
Name:
Class:
Date:
45. Mao Zedong’s New Democracy
a.
established people’s communes.
b.
was a program similar to Soviet’s New Economic Policy.
c.
created the first five-year plan.
d.
restored capitalism at all levels of Chinese society.
e.
gave Chinese peasants the vote in choosing all Communist Party officials.
b
1
p. 252
46. Under the land reform program of New Democracy, the number of peasant households receiving land was
approximately
a.
one-tenth.
b.
one-quarter.
c.
one-half.
d.
two-thirds.
e.
nine-tenths.
d
1
p. 253
47. During the New Democracy land reforms
a.
no lives were lost.
b.
many landlords and rich farmers lost their lives, but they were guilty of serious crimes.
c.
some lives were lost among the poorest peasants.
d.
some landlords and rich farmers lost their lives, and many were innocent of any crimes.
e.
fifteen million died of starvation.
d
1
p. 253
48. In 1955 the Communist Party ordered that all agricultural land be collectivized
a.
because by then the five year-plan had provided a surplus of tractors and reapers.
b.
to increase food production and thus release labor and capital for industrialization.
c.
in order to reduce urban poverty and crime.
d.
and the lands be given to independent peasant farmers.
e.
as promised in Mao’s Little Red Book.
b
1
p. 253
49. Mao Zedong believed all of the following about China’s peasants except they
Name:
Class:
Date:
a.
had to be compelled and coerced to work.
b.
were naturally revolutionary in spirit.
c.
were like a blank piece of paper, ready for the words “socialism” and “communism” to be written upon it.
d.
could be peacefully persuaded regarding the benefits of collectivization.
e.
would work hard for a few years in order to achieve happiness for a thousand years.
p. 253
50. The Great Leap Forward
a.
was a great success, producing both agricultural and industrial surpluses.
b.
lasted until the death of Mao Zedong in 1976.
c.
was immediately followed by the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
d.
was a disaster, costing as many as 15 million lives due to starvation.
e.
was opposed by Mao, but he was outvoted by his idealistic colleagues.
p. 253
51. By 1966, Mao believed
a.
the peasants would never be revolutionaries.
b.
that too many Chinese functionaries were “taking the capitalist road.“
c.
further reform must come from the top down.
d.
the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a failure.
e.
that his wife, Jiang Qing, was a “capitalist roader.”
p. 255
52. By 1966, Mao differed with many of his colleagues over his belief in
a.
industrial communism.
b.
nationalization of the means of production.
c.
the validity of Marxism and Leninism.
d.
social evolution.
e.
uninterrupted revolution.
p. 255
53. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was similar to the
a.
French Revolution’s Reign of Terror.
b.
Bolshevik take-over of Russia in 1917.
c.
Chinese Civil War, won by the Communists in 1949.
Name:
Class:
Date:
d.
Chinese Revolution of 1911.
e.
Iranian Revolution of 1970.
1
p. 255
54. All of the following were part of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution except
a.
Red Guards.
b.
“Black cat, white cat, what does it matter along as it catches mice.”
c.
“Mao Zedong Thought.”
d.
the Little Red Book.
e.
the “four olds.”
b
1
p. 254-256
55. The four olds included all of the following except
a.
old buildings.
b.
old thoughts.
c.
old culture.
d.
old customs.
e.
old habits.
1
p. 256
56. When Deng Xiaoping came to power, he
a.
condemned the “four olds.”
b.
ordered the “fifth modernization.”
c.
urged “Create wealth for the people.”
d.
differentiated between black cats and white cats.
e.
followed completely in the footsteps of Mao Zedong.
1
p. 257
57. The “Four Modernizations” included all of the following except
a.
national defense.
b.
family planning.
c.
technology.
d.
industry.
e.
agriculture.
b
Name:
Class:
Date:
58. In addition to the years of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, the “ten lost years” also refers to the
a.
decade of the 1930s when the Communists were confined to Yan’an.
b.
years of the 1920s when the Chinese Communist Party was allied to Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Party.
c.
decade after Mao’s death when the economy experienced a disastrous depression.
d.
years after 1949 when China was largely isolated from the West and its technology.
e.
era of the New Democracy.
d
1
p. 257
59. As a result of Deng’s pragmatic approach, during the 1980s, the per capita income in China
a.
increased 20 percent.
b.
increased 50 percent.
c.
increased 75 percent.
d.
increased 100 percent.
e.
decreased 10 percent.
d
1
p. 257
60. Deng’s reforms failed to achieve the “fifth modernization,” which was
a.
nationalism.
b.
democracy.
c.
capitalism.
d.
social welfare.
e.
individualism.
b
1
p. 257
61. China’s “socialist legality” during the Deng regime refers to the
a.
equalization of wealth.
b.
greater economic support for the rural areas which had benefitted less than the coastal urban areas.
c.
ending the arbitrary punishments associated with the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
d.
adoption of Communist China’s first written constitution.
e.
last economic stage before pure communism.
1
p. 257
1
p. 257
Name:
Class:
Date:
62. The critic who said that “China will not be able to modernize, if it does not break the shackles of Maoist and Stalinist-
style socialism” was
a.
Fang Lizhi.
b.
Chou Enlai.
c.
Richard Nixon.
d.
Mikhail Gorbachev.
e.
Deng Xiaoping.
p. 257
63. One response to Deng’s attempt to restore “socialist legality” in reaction to the arbitrary punishments of the Cultural
Revolution was
a.
the Great Leap Forward.
b.
the Four Modernizations.
c.
Beijing’s “Democracy Wall.”
d.
the five-year plan.
e.
a retreat to economic Marxism.
p. 257
64. By the end of the 1980s, all of the following were contributing to dissent in China except
a.
fear of American nuclear attack.
b.
economic inflation which was reducing the real wages of salaried workers.
c.
student demands for greater democracy.
d.
concern about the Communist Party’s aging leadership.
e.
widespread corruption and nepotism among Communist Party leaders.
p. 257
65. The 1989 demonstrations in Tiananmen Square
a.
were encouraged by the Communist Party as a tribute to the dead Mao Zedong.
b.
were tolerated by China’s leaders and eventually the demonstrations quietly ended.
c.
so frightened the Communist Party leaders that they had the army violently disperse the demonstrators.
d.
were instigated by Chinese students who were demanding the return of Taiwan to China.
e.
were postponed because of the death of Deng Xiaoping.
p. 258
66. After the Tiananmen Square incident, the Communist government
Name:
Class:
Date:
a.
ordered Marxist-Leninist ideology to be removed from school curriculums.
b.
demanded that Marxist-Leninist ideology be taught in schools.
c.
allowed dissidents within the intellectual communist society to publically criticize Marxist-Leninist practices
as long as they did so peacefully.
d.
restricted Marxist-Leninist teaching to only the university level, as the demonstrators had mostly been
university students.
e.
authorized the “fifth modernization” so long as the voters did not question the Marxist-Leninist ideology.
p. 258
67. The Chinese leader that was most sympathetic to student demands during the Tiananmen Square demonstrations.
a.
Zhao Ziyang.
b.
Deng Xiaoping.
c.
Jiang Zemin.
d.
Mao Zedong.
e.
Xi Jinping.
p. 258
68. In order to thwart the appeal of Western ideas and institutions, in the 1990s China’s Communist leaders
a.
rehabilitated Confucianism as a non-religious humanistic guide for morals and values.
b.
ended all capitalistic and private enterprise endeavors in China.
c.
banned foreign tourists and foreign investors.
d.
refused to allow any Chinese to travel or study abroad.
e.
established a cultural exchange program with the Soviet Union.
p. 258
69. As an alternative to the fading appeal of Marxism, to hold China together in the uncertain times of the early twenty-
first century, the Communist leadership has encouraged
a.
the revival of Buddhism.
b.
nationalism and patriotism.
c.
materialism and making money.
d.
individualism and self-fulfillment.
e.
a back-to-the-countryside movement as an antidote to urban crime and pollution.
p. 260
70. An example of Communist China’s increasing activism in its foreign relations with its neighbors is its controversial
claim to
Name:
Class:
Date:
a.
Port Arthur.
b.
Hokkaido.
c.
the Spratly Islands.
d.
Hong Kong.
e.
North Vietnam.
1
p. 260
71. As a punishment for occupying neighboring Cambodia, in 1979 China invaded
a.
Burma.
b.
Thailand.
c.
Hunan.
d.
Vietnam.
e.
Tibet.
d
1
p. 260
72. The “mass line” in Communist China was
a.
an attempt to merge the Chinese Communist Party with Communist parties in other Southeast Asian countries.
b.
the organization of peasants, workers, women, and other groups to serve as a link between the people and the
Communist Party.
c.
another term to describe the agricultural communes of the Great Leap Forward.
d.
what the Red Guards attempted to enforce during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
e.
the Chinese Communist Party officials “massed” in solidarity against the claims of Soviet Communists to be
the leaders of the Comintern.
b
1
p. 261
73. The Chinese province of Xinjiang in the west experienced considerable unrest because of the demands of
a.
Tibetan nationalists.
b.
Buddhists and Taoists.
c.
Muslims.
d.
ethnic Manchus.
e.
Russian irredentists.
1
p. 261
74. Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution because he believed
a.
ideological considerations were more important than economic progress.
Name:
Class:
Date:
b.
that educated specialists were to be given a free hand to rebuild the lagging Chinese economy.
c.
given the crises facing China, “experts” would have precedence over “reds.”
d.
it was necessary to invade Taiwan and regain it from Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists.
e.
it was time to invite Richard Nixon to China.
p. 262
75. After coming to power, Deng Xiaoping
a.
concluded that ideological correctness was more important than economic progress.
b.
authorized democracy in China’s cities but not in the countryside.
c.
believed that economic performance was more important than Marxist-Leninist doctrine.
d.
pursued a policy of diplomatic isolation from the West.
e.
told President Jimmy Carter that “We will bury you.”
p. 262
76. All of the following were part of Deng’s economic reform program except
a.
bureaucratic controls were reduced over state industries.
b.
people were encouraged to establish private businesses such as restaurants and repair shops.
c.
special economic zones were established in China’s interior provinces in order to revitalize the rural
countryside.
d.
the tourist industry was encouraged.
e.
China was opened to foreign investors.
p. 262
77. Post-Mao Zedong Chinese educational policy model was based upon the
a.
Little Red Book.
b.
Confucian system.
c.
Soviet Union.
d.
Western system.
e.
Yan’an experiment.
d
p. 262
78. Deng Xiaoping’s “rural responsibility system”
a.
encouraged rural peasants to move to urban areas.
b.
demanded that farmers join agricultural communes.
c.
allowed peasants to lease land from agricultural collectives and sell their surpluses on the private market.
Name:
Class:
Date:
d.
gave all of China’s peasants privately-owned farms.
e.
sent unemployed urban workers to the countryside as agricultural laborers.
p. 263
79. “Ten thousand dollar” households
a.
were collective farms.
b.
were farmers who made profits considerably greater than their neighbors.
c.
was a term for middle-class urban families.
d.
was a reference to corrupt Communist Party officials and their illegal wealth.
e.
was the diplomatic sector of Beijing, occupied by wealthy Western embassies.
p. 263
80. By the end of the 1990s, the private economic sector in Communist China was producing
a.
one percent of the gross domestic product.
b.
five percent of the gross domestic product.
c.
over ten percent of the gross domestic product.
d.
twenty percent of the gross domestic product.
e.
thirty-five percent of the gross domestic product.
p. 264
81. Chinese Communist Party population policy was to
a.
place severe limitations upon population growth.
b.
encourage peasants to have more children to assist in agricultural production.
c.
allow no more than three children per family.
d.
increase the population in order to compete with the West in industrial production and consumer buying.
e.
have the surplus population colonize the near-empty regions of East Asia.
p. 264
82. The percentage of urban Chinese who owned a colored TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine by the end of the
twentieth century was
a.
10 percent.
b.
20 percent.
c.
40 percent.
d.
60 percent.
e.
80 percent.
Name:
Class:
Date:
p. 264
83. Overall, the economic modernization policy of Deng Xiaoping and his successors has been
a.
a disaster which led to a great depression in the mid-1990s.
b.
largely a failure with only a few limited accomplishments.
c.
a failure in that the living standards for most Chinese declined from the Mao years.
d.
impressive, with most Chinese having achieved a higher living standard.
e.
of little consequence to most Chinese.
p. 264
84. It is estimated that at the end of the twentieth century, the income of China’s farmers was
a.
equal to that of urban workers.
b.
greater than that of urban workers because they had their own plots of land.
c.
half that of urban workers.
d.
only about 90 percent of urban workers.
e.
about 25 percent of urban workers.
p. 264
85. Women in Communist China
a.
were given equal rights with men.
b.
were forbidden to divorce their husbands except for desertion as the result of the Marriage Law of 1950.
c.
were allowed to vote but were forbidden to become active in politics.
d.
quickly achieved numerical parity to men in the top echelon of the Communist Party, including even
becoming prime minister.
e.
were no different in their status and in their rights than before the Communist take-over in 1949.
p. 265
86. China is facing significant environmental problems except
a.
soil erosion.
b.
water shortage.
c.
fertile shortage.
d.
encroaching deserts.
e.
acid rain.
Name:
Class:
Date:
87. One of the aims of the Communist Party after coming to power in 1949 was to
a.
destroy the traditional family system of dependency.
b.
abolish marriage, substituting in its place the practice of communal relationships.
c.
restore the traditional family system, which had suffered during the stresses of the 1930s and World War II.
d.
replace China’s traditional feudal patriarchy with enlightened matriarchy.
e.
end the policy of easy divorces which had been allowed during the Nationalist era.
1
p. 265
88. Agricultural “work points” were
a.
abolished by Mao Zedong when he came to power.
b.
awarded to the head of the family during the era of the agricultural communes.
c.
given to the individual during the period of the communes whereas earlier they had awarded to the head of the
family.
d.
awarded to women but not to men, because women were the weaker species.
e.
given to individuals during the period of the collective farms but not during the period of the communes.
1
p. 267
89. By the end of the twentieth century, many younger Chinese were showing preferences for all of the following except
a.
the Mao suit.
b.
cosmetic surgery.
c.
designer jeans.
d.
expensive weddings.
e.
trendy sneakers and sweat suits.
p. 267
90. The five relationships included all of the following except
a.
subordination of son to father.
b.
subordination of wife to husband.
c.
subordination of younger brother to older brother.
d.
subordination of subject to ruler.
e.
subordination of wealthy to peasant.
1
p. 267
p. 265
Name:
Class:
Date:
91. Under Mao Zedong’s leadership, the correct artistic standard was
a.
art for art’s sake.
b.
representational naturalism.
c.
socialist realism.
d.
anti-capitalist impressionism.
e.
Asian expressionism.
p. 268
92. Ding Ling
a.
wrote The Moon Shines over the Yellow River.
b.
was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
c.
was consistently honored and praised by Mao Zedong.
d.
was sentenced to hard labor during the Cultural Revolution.
e.
emigrated to the United States.
1
p. 268
93. The “literature of the wounded”
a.
reflects the era of the Chinese Civil War of the late 1940s.
b.
described the brutal character of the Cultural Revolution.
c.
related stories of Communist heroism against Japan in World War II.
d.
criticized the quality of health care during the era of Mao Zedong.
e.
were satirical predictions of what life in China would be like in the twenty-first century.
b
p. 269
94. The author that criticized the Chinese Communist Party in his book Life and Death are Wearing Me Out.
a.
Mo Yan.
b.
Yan Lianke.
c.
Jiang Rong.
d.
Lu Jiamin.
e.
Bai Hua.
1
p. 269
95. Immediately after coming to power in 1949, Mao Zedong instituted a radical communist program, including the
establishment of agricultural “people’s communes.”
a.
True
Name:
Class:
Date:
b.
False
False
1
p. 253
96. “Hard work for a few years, happiness for a thousand” is a statement associated with the economic reforms of Deng
Xiaoping.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 253
97. During the Cultural Revolution, the educational curriculum was based upon “Mao Zedong Thought.”
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 254-255
98. Deng Xiaoping replaced the slogan “Serve the People” with the slogan “Create wealth for the people.”
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 257
99. The Chinese leadership was completely united in the decision to crush the demonstrators at Tiananmen Square in
1989.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 258
100. The Beijing Olympics was seen as an opportunity to demonstrate Chinese success and was viewed patriotically in
China.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 260
101. In recent years, the Chinese government has shown some greater tolerance for the public exchange of ideas, as
Name:
Class:
Date:
indicated by the proliferation of bookstores, avant-garde theater, experimental art, and the Internet.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 261
102. In general, the economic reforms of post-Mao China have failed to increase China’s prosperity.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 263
103. China’s recent entry into the World Trade Organization may help the nation as a whole but is very unlikely to benefit
China’s farmers.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 264
104. China has avoided most of the environmental problems of the 21st Century.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 265
105. During the era of Mao Zedong, the government encouraged “art for art’s sake” rather than “socialist realism.”
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 267