Chapter 12—Avoiding Addictions
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Individuals who begin abusing drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine as young adults and
continue to do so in middle age have ____ times the risk of early death.
a.
two
b.
three
c.
five
d.
seven
2. The primary relationship of drug addicts is with their drug(s) of choice. This best illustrates the ____
dimension of health.
a.
spiritual
b.
psychological
c.
social
d.
environmental
3. Methamphetamine labs contain toxic chemicals and have a high risk of explosion and fire. This
demonstrates the effect of drugs on the _____ dimension of health.
a.
environmental
b.
psychological
c.
social
d.
intellectual
4. Individuals in 12-step programs for recovery from addiction often speak of the importance of
reconnecting with their higher power. This illustrates the effects of addiction on the ____ dimension of
health.
a.
spiritual
b.
psychological
c.
social
d.
intellectual
5. The brain’s “reward center” responds to both pleasurable and exciting experiences, such as eating
chocolate or bungee-jumping, by producing ____, a “feel good” chemical in the brain.
a.
dopamine
b.
endorphins
c.
ketamine
d.
serotonin
6. Approximately _______ percent of adults in the United States are pathological gamblers.
a.
1 to 3
b.
5 to 7
c.
9 to 11
d.
13 to 15
7. Which of the following is a risk factor for problem gambling in persons 16 to 25 years of age?
a.
gambling in groups
b.
being female
c.
gambling at an early age
d.
being in a higher socioeconomic class
8. In the ____ phase, gamblers desperately try to stay afloat in a game even though they realize they can’t
win.
a.
winning
b.
loosing
c.
giving-up
d.
desperation
9. An estimated _____ percent of individuals with gambling disorder also have attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder.
a.
5
b.
10
c.
15
d.
20
10. The most commonly used illicit drug on campus is _____.
a.
marijuana
b.
methamphetamine
c.
Ecstasy
d.
crack
11. The most commonly abused drugs on campus are _____.
a.
prescription drugs
b.
amphetamines
c.
designer drugs
d.
cocaine-based drugs
12. What proportion of students who use illegal drugs were introduced to the drugs by friends?
a.
1 in 10
b.
4 in 10
c.
7 in 10
d.
more than 9 in 10
13. A recent survey by the American College Health Association revealed that approximately ____ of
college students have never used marijuana.
a.
one-fourth
b.
one-third
c.
one-half
d.
two-thirds
14. Drug _____ is a pattern of substance use resulting in negative consequences or impairment.
a.
misuse
b.
abuse
c.
dependence
d.
diversion
15. While visiting his family over the holidays, Brandon stole his grandmother’s pain medications and
used them himself. This illustrates drug _____.
a.
misuse
b.
abuse
c.
dependence
d.
diversion
16. What is the most common method of taking drugs?
a.
inhaling
b.
subcutaneous injection
c.
orally
d.
intravenous injection
17. Which route of administration gets drugs into the bloodstream the fastest?
a.
oral dosage
b.
intravenous injection
c.
intramuscular injection
d.
subcutaneous injection
18. The dosage level at which a drug becomes poisonous to the body, causing either temporary or
permanent damage, is called its:
a.
tolerance level
b.
set point
c.
potentiating level
d.
toxicity
19. Drugs that act throughout a body system act:
a.
locally
b.
generally
c.
selectively
d.
cumulatively
20. When a drug has a greater effect on one specific organ, it is acting:
a.
locally
b.
generally
c.
selectively
d.
cumulatively
21. A synergistic drug interaction refers to:
a.
one drug increasing the effect of another drug
b.
the effect being equal to the sum of the effects of different drugs used in the entire body
c.
the general action in the body
d.
the effect of two drugs taken together being greater than if taken separately
22. What is meant by the term psychoactive?
a.
addictive
b.
mind-affecting
c.
inhibiting
d.
illegal
23. The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is:
a.
caffeine
b.
nicotine
c.
alcohol
d.
cocaine
24. Which of the following is true of caffeinated energy drinks?
a.
They may contain herbs that enhance the effects of caffeine.
b.
They are no longer popular on campuses.
c.
They really contain about the same amount of caffeine as do soft drinks.
d.
They are tightly regulated by the FDA.
25. Which of the following can interact with medications and cause excessive bleeding?
a.
laxatives
b.
gingko biloba
c.
OTC sleeping pills
d.
cough syrups
26. Individuals who abuse non-narcotic cough syrup typically do so because of the _____ in it.
a.
ibuprofen
b.
phenolphthalein
c.
dextromethorphan
d.
diphenhydramine
27. Sulema decides to avoid the side effects of the medication she takes to control her bipolar disorder by
not taking it as prescribed. This illustrates _____.
a.
abuse
b.
nonadherence
c.
dependence
d.
diversion
28. What are the most widely abused prescription drugs on campus?
a.
stimulants
b.
antianxiety medications
c.
pain medications
d.
anticonvulsants
29. Students who ____ are more likely to abuse prescription painkillers.
a.
have higher GPAs
b.
are enrolled at more competitive schools
c.
live in dorms
d.
are close to graduating
30. ____ is the emotional attachment to a drug.
a.
Intoxication
b.
Physical dependence
c.
Polyabuse
d.
Psychological dependence
31. Withdrawal refers to:
a.
developing symptoms that cause psychological and physiological distress when an
individual reduces or stops drug use
b.
maladaptive behavioral, psychological, and physiologic changes that occur as a result of
substance use
c.
strong craving for a drug because it produces pleasurable feelings or relieves stress and
anxiety
d.
needing larger and larger doses to achieve intoxication or another desired effect
32. Justin is abusing several drugs. What is this behavior called?
a.
tolerance
b.
polyabuse
c.
withdrawal
d.
intoxication
33. Which brain chemical is most associated with addiction?
a.
histamine
b.
synthroid
c.
dopamine
d.
lanoxin
34. Karolyn is addicted to alcohol and also has major depression. She would be classified as having a ____
diagnosis.
a.
dual
b.
opposing
c.
dependency
d.
pathological
35. What percentage of young adults have engaged in drugged driving?
a.
9
b.
11
c.
13
d.
15
36. The most widely used illegal drug is:
a.
cocaine
b.
marijuana
c.
LSD
d.
PCP
37. How long does marijuana remain in the body’s fat cells after its use?
a.
8 hours
b.
24 hours
c.
50 hours
d.
120 hours
38. Chewing ____ alleviates fatigue and decreases appetite, but increases risk of death in those with heart
disease.
a.
khat
b.
salvia
c.
cathinone
d.
skunk
39. Bath salts contain synthetic:
a.
ketamine
b.
salvia
c.
cathinone
d.
skunk
40. Which of the following is most likely to kill young, healthy people between the ages of 16 and 24 who
are not known to be regular drug users?
a.
Ecstasy
b.
Spice
c.
Special K
d.
GHB
41. Withdrawal from cocaine often includes:
a.
depression
b.
decreased appetite
c.
hypersexuality
d.
seizures
42. A synthetic form of opium manufactured in a chemical laboratory is
a.
morphine
b.
codeine
c.
methadone
d.
narcotic
43. What percentage of adolescents have ever used inhalants?
a.
5%
b.
7%
c.
9%
d.
11%
44. Which step is the most difficult for an addict to take?
a.
facing family and friends
b.
admitting to being an addict
c.
getting through withdrawal
d.
finding a job once they are clean
45. Which of the following is a fundamental principle of drug abuse treatment?
a.
Drug abuse is a behavioral disorder that must be treated with behavioral methods.
b.
Medically assisted detoxification should be the final stage of treatment.
c.
Treatment must be voluntary to be effective.
d.
Effective treatment must address the drug abuse and any associated social and legal
problems.
COMPLETION
1. A(n) ____________________ is any substance other than food that affects bodily functions and
structures when taken into the body.
2. A common term for chugging cough syrup is ____________________.
3. ____________________ refers to improperly taking prescription drugs.
4. The drugs that most often provoke allergic responses are ____________________.
5. The chemical name for a drug is known as the ____________________.
6. The compulsive use of a chemical substance, characterized by loss of control and continued use
despite negative consequences, is called ____________________.
7. ____________________ on a drug can occur when an individual develops tolerance to its effects.
8. ____________________ is the development of symptoms that cause psychological and physical
distress when drug use stops.
9. The average drug abuser who enters treatment is on ____________________(#) different drugs.
10. Normal driving skills remain impaired for up to ____________________ hours after smoking a single
joint of marijuana.
11. The major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is ____________________.
12. MDMA belongs to a family of drugs called ____________________, which means “touching within.”
13. America’s leading drug problem, used regularly by an estimated 1.5 million and with estimated
economic costs of $23.4 billion per year, is considered to be ____________________.
14. ____________________ is a white crystalline powder extracted from the leaves of the coca plant.
15. Smoking the fumes of the alkaloid form of cocaine is called ____________________.
16. ____________________ is one of the benzodiazepines that has been used as a date rape drug.
17. When you take small or intermittent doses of a drug, you are ____________________.
18. Drugs that produce vivid and unusual changes in thoughts, feelings, and perceptions are called
____________________.
19. ____________________ is an anesthetic used by veterinarians that causes hallucinations in humans.
20. Chemicals that produce vapors with psychoactive effects are known as inhalants or
____________________.
MATCHING
Match the items below with the most appropriate description.
a.
salvia
f.
angel dust
b.
amphetamine
g.
ketamine
c.
skin-popping
h.
ecstasy
d.
THC
i.
barbiturates
e.
GHB
j.
mainlining
1. subcutaneous injection
2. anesthetic used by veterinarians
3. anti-anxiety drugs
4. intravenous injection
5. date rape drug
6. PCP
7. herb with hallucinogenic properties
8. MDMA
9. active ingredient in marijuana
10. stimulant that triggers release of epinephrine
ESSAY
1. Discuss the harmful effects that substance abuse can have on the dimensions of health.
2. Discuss the difference between drug misuse and drug abuse. Describe the different routes of
administration of drugs and also the different types of drug interactions.
3. Identify three over-the-counter medications that are often misused and discuss the effects of the misuse
of each.
4. What is the most commonly used illegal drug on college campuses? Describe the negative effects of
this drug.
5. Describe the drugs known as opioids. Discuss the risks associated with opioid use.