243. (p. 330, Reaching Beyond Our Borders box) According to information contained in the “Reaching Beyond Our Borders”
box in Chapter 12, a major reason the nations belonging to the European Union are experiencing wage tension
is that:
A. the nations cannot agree on a common minimum wage standard.
244. (p. 331) Historically, the most potent union tactic when collective bargaining efforts break down has been
the:
D. primary boycott.
245. (p. 332) When union members who have a dispute with a company walk around outside the firm’s place of
business carrying signs and talking to the media and public about their concerns, they are using a tactic known
as:
A. boycotting.
246. (p. 332) A(n) __________ occurs when a union encourages its members and the general public not to buy the
products of a firm involved in a labor dispute.
A. injunction
247. (p. 333) A(n) ___________ is a court order directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing
something.
D. declaratory judgment
248. (p. 331-332) Two of the most important tactics used by unions when collective bargaining efforts break down
are:
D. enforcement of right-to-work clauses and cooling-off periods.
249. (p. 332) A(n) ________ boycott is an attempt by labor to convince others to stop doing business with a firm
that is the subject of a primary boycott.
D. strategic
250. (p. 333) A(n) ___________ occurs when management temporarily closes a business to deny employment to
workers.
D. employment injunction
251. (p. 335) The largest labor organization in the United States is the:
A. Teamsters.
252. (p. 333) Despite a 1938 Supreme Court ruling allowing their use, ___________ were seldom used by
management during labor-management disputes until the 1980s.
A. injunctions
253. (p. 332) Under the provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act, the president can ask for a(n) ___________ to prevent
a strike in a critical industry.
D. temporary take over by the federal government
254. (p. 332) The __________ is a tactic police, firefighters, and other workers who are not legally allowed to
strike sometimes use to express their frustration and displeasure with working conditions or pay.
A. gold cold
255. (p. 332) In the late 1990s, unions became more willing to resort to strikes after:
D. companies began relying more heavily on lockouts.
256. (p. 333) In recent years some unions have granted concessions and given up benefits secured in earlier
contract negotiations in an attempt to save jobs. These concessions are called:
D. disbenefits.
257. (p. 333) ___________ are workers a company hires to replace workers who are out on strike.
A. Yellow dogs
258. (p. 334) Since 1945, the unionized share of the workforce has:
D. fluctuated erratically with large increases in some years and large decreases in others.
259. (p. 335, Spotlight on Small Business box) According to the material in the “Spotlight on Small Business” box in Chapter
12, a relatively recent trend is for many __________ to join unions.
C. bank tellers
D. teachers
260. (p. 333) The emergence of ______________ has changed the nature of work and affected labor-management
D. scientific management
261. (p. 335) In recent years, many unions have begun to:
C. take a more confrontational approach when attempting to achieve important goals.
D. experience rapid but uneasy growth as more foreign-owned firms enter the U.S. economy, creating cultural
problems for American workers.
262. (p. 333) Which of the following tactics would management be most likely to use during a labor-management
dispute?
A. picketing
263. (p. 335) The ability of unions to achieve key goals in the future will depend on their ability to:
D. return to the confrontational tactics used successfully in the 1930s when unions grew rapidly.
264. (p. 335) One strategy unions must adapt in order to grow in the future is to:
D. emphasize recruiting efforts in the manufacturing sector of the economy.
265. (p. 332) Which of the following statements best summarizes the extent to which unions currently rely on
strikes as a tactic when collective bargaining breaks down?
D. Strikes organized by unions are now less common than lockouts by management, indicating a major shift in
attitudes between labor and management.
266. (p. 332) The Fague Grocery Store chain stocks the products of Vegi-Delite Food Company at all of their
supermarkets. The Teamsters Union is currently involved in a labor dispute with Vegi-Delite. The union has
already encouraged its members and the general public not to buy Vegi-Delite products. Now it is threatening
Fague with the possibility of a boycott if it continues to carry the Vegi-Delite line. The union is threatening
Fague with a(n):
D. informational boycott.
267. (p. 333) A large number of striking workers are currently picketing at the plant entrance to a Memphis Tire
and Rubber plant. Because the pickets have threatened people entering the plant and have vandalized some
company property, Memphis’ management believes it has just cause to ask a court for a(n) __________ placing
limits on the number of pickets and their actions while picketing.
A. preemptive judgment
268. (p. 332) A labor dispute between the AFL-CIO and Gainesville Brewery is into its eighth month. The
AFL-CIO has called on its membership and the general public to refuse to purchase Gainesville products. The
AFL-CIO is calling for a:
A. general boycott.
269. (p. 333) Managers at BU&U have hired temporary workers to replace striking employees. Management hopes
that this will cause striking workers to worry about losing their jobs. The firm is making use of:
D. underground employees.
270. (p. 335) The “Spotlight on Small Business” in Chapter 12 discusses the attitudes of doctors and nurses about
seeking union representation. Which of the following statements about the views of doctors and nurses is most
accurate?
A. Although doctors have shown little interest in union representation, the last decade has seen almost all nurses
join unions.
271. (p. 375) Recently, West Coast dockworkers were locked out of their jobs in 29 West Coast ports. Because
many consumer goods used in the U.S. are transported from Asia to the U.S. through these ports, the lockout
could have damaged the U.S. economy and security if allowed to continue. The President ordered the
dockworkers back to work and both sides were ordered back to the bargaining table. Which of the following
statements is the most accurate conclusion about the outcome of the labor dispute between the dockworkers
union and shipping companies on the West Coast? The dispute between the dockworkers and shipping
companies showed that:
A. the only effective weapon unions now have in labor-management disputes is the threat of a strike.
272. (p. 338) A comparison of compensation of CEOs in the U.S. with compensation of top executives in Canada
and Europe indicates that:
A. U.S. CEOs are working for much lower compensation.
273. (p. 337) According to management consultant Peter Drucker:
A. top executives are entitled to any level of pay they can negotiate with their board of directors.
274. (p. 336) Over the past several decades, the compensation of CEOs of large U.S. corporations has:
A. remained relatively stable once inflation is taken into account.
275. (p. 338) American CEOs typically earn __________ as much as executives in Europe and Canada.
D. more than ten times
276. (p. 337) In the United States, the CEO of a large corporation makes about ________ times the earnings of a
typical U.S. factory worker.
D. 17
277. (p. 336) In the past, the compensation of chief executive officers of corporations usually was based on:
A. the assumption that CEOs should be major stockholders of the corporations that they managed.
278. (p. 337, Legal Briefcase box) According to material in the “Legal Briefcase” box in Chapter 12, when chief
executives of large companies retire or get fired they:
D. usually receive more income from dividends on the company stock they own than they do from their
severance package or retirement pension.
279. (p. 339) _____________ is the demand for equal pay for jobs requiring similar levels of education, training,
and skill.
A. Affirmative action
280. (p. 338) Women have become a __________ part of the labor force.
D. less important
281. (p. 338) Today, women earn approximately ________ of what men earn, though the disparity varies
considerably by profession and the level of education.
D. 57%
282. (p. 339) Studies conducted at the University of Michigan found that earnings of women graduating with
baccalaureate degrees were:
A. less than 60% of men’s earnings in all fields.
283. (p. 339) ____________ refers to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other conduct of
a sexual nature.
D. Sexual coercion
284. (p. 340) The number of sexual harassment complaints filed annually with the Equal Opportunity
Commission:
D. was greatly exaggerated by the media during the 1990s and early 2000s.
285. (p. 339) Sexual harassment laws:
A. apply only to situations in which men make unwelcome advances to women.
286. (p. 339) _________ sexual harassment refers to situations in which an employee’s submission to unwanted
conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of employment or is used to influence
employment decisions affecting the worker’s job status.
C. Ceteris paribus
D. Reflexive
287. (p. 340) In the United States, the number of large companies offering child care as an employee benefit is:
D. declining in popularity as more firms look for ways to cut expenses.
288. (p. 341) Small businesses have found that child care programs:
D. are not very expensive, but tend to be more trouble than they are worth.
289. (p. 341) As the workforce of the U.S. ages, a greater percentage of workers will have to concern themselves
with:
D. transportation issues.
290. (p. 342) Drug testing in the workplace:
A. is a violation of the Privacy Act and hence illegal.
291. (p. 342) People who use illegal drugs are __________ more likely to be involved in workplace accidents than
employees who do not use drugs.