b.
C
c.
D
d.
E
e.
K
64. Which vitamin is routinely given as a single dose to newborns?
a.
Vitamin A
b.
Vitamin E
c.
Vitamin K
d.
Vitamin B12
e.
Vitamin C
65. What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency?
a.
Young adults
b.
Elderly
c.
Newborns
d.
Teenagers
e.
Middle-aged adults
66. Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?
a.
Deficiencies lead to intravascular clotting.
b.
Major dietary sources are whole grains and legumes.
c.
No adverse effects have been reported with high intakes.
d.
Primary deficiencies are more common than secondary deficiencies.
e.
Dietary vitamin K comes mostly from orange vegetables.
67. Which of the following is a major form of vitamin K in foods?
a.
Ergodione
b.
Ergoquinone
c.
Tocopherone
d.
Phylloquinone
e.
Ergotamine
68. Approximately what percentage of the body’s store of vitamin K is derived from GI tract bacterial
synthesis?
a.
Less than 5
b.
25
c.
50
d.
85
e.
95
69. Which of the following is a characteristic of free radicals?
a.
They are destroyed by cigarette smoking.
b.
They arise from normal metabolic reactions.
c.
They typically stop chain reactions associated with the production of peroxides.
d.
They are known to accumulate even in the presence of abundant antioxidant nutrients.
e.
They are more common in infants and children than adults and the elderly.
70. Substances that promote oxidation are usually termed
a.
prooxidants.
b.
antioxidants.
c.
free radical generators.
d.
reactive electron oxidants.
e.
oxidative facilitators.
COMPLETION
1. The three different forms of vitamin A that are active in the body are ____________________.
2. The innermost membrane of the eye, composed of several layers, including one that contains the rods
and cones is called the ____________________.
3. Blindness due to vitamin A deficiency is called ____________________.
4. Because the body can derive vitamin A from both retinoids and carotenoids, its content in foods and its
recommendations are expressed as ____________________.
5. Though called a vitamin, the active form of vitamin D is actually a(n) ____________________.
6. In vitamin D deficiency, production of ____________________, a protein that binds calcium in the
intestinal cells, slows.
7. In ____________________, the bones fail to calcify normally, causing growth retardation and skeletal
abnormalities.
8. Of all the members of the vitamin E family, only ____________________ is maintained in the body
and can meet the body’s needs for the vitamin.
9. Newborn infants present a unique case of vitamin K nutrition because they are born with a(n)
____________________ .
10. Naturally occurring vitamin K in foods is ____________________, whereas vitamin K produced by
GI bacteria is ____________________.
MATCHING
a.
Acne
k.
Antibiotics
b.
Rickets
l.
Osteomalacia
c.
Keratin
m.
Calbindin
d.
Hemolytic
n.
Xerophthalmia
e.
Carotene
o.
Anticoagulant
f.
Vitamin A
p.
Fibrin
g.
Vitamin E
q.
Vegetable oils
h.
Vitamin K
r.
Erythrocyte hemolysis
i.
Cholesterol
s.
Green leafy vegetables
j.
Coagulation
t.
Retinol-binding protein
1. Transport protein of vitamin A
2. Promotes bone dismantling prior to bone growth
3. Condition that results from severe vitamin A deficiency
4. The protein of hair and nails
5. Chronic inflammation of skin follicles and oil-producing glands
6. Pigment in carrots and pumpkins
7. Precursor for vitamin D synthesis
8. Vitamin D deficiency disease in children
9. Vitamin D deficiency disease in adults
10. A vitamin K-dependent transport protein
11. May be beneficial for treating fibrocystic breast disease
12. Vitamin E deficiency disorder in premature infants
13. Typical food source of vitamin E
14. Type of anemia prevented by vitamin E
15. Substance that promotes synthesis of prothrombin
16. Another term for blood clotting
17. Use of this increases risk for vitamin K deficiency
18. Substance that prevents clotting of the blood
19. Composition of a blood clot
20. Food source of vitamin K
ESSAY
1.
Outline the conversion of the different forms of vitamin A and the chief functions of each.
2. Explain the mechanism associated with the function of vitamin A in the visual response.
ANS:
3. Explain the role of vitamin A in growth and reproduction.
4. Why is the eye especially vulnerable to vitamin A degradation at night?
5. Why are children more likely than others to be affected by vitamin A toxicity?
ANS:
6. Describe how the body can synthesize active vitamin D with the help of sunlight.
7. How does vitamin D function to raise blood levels of calcium and phosphorus?
8. Explain the difficulties in obtaining the recommended amounts of vitamin D from the diet.
9. List the different forms of vitamin E found in the diet as well as their vitamin E activity in the body.
What are the major food sources of vitamin E?
ANS:
10. Describe the known functions of vitamin E and proposed therapeutic treatment for specific disorders.
11. Discuss the role of vitamin K in bone metabolism.
12. What are the major food and non-food sources of vitamin K? What factors may adversely affect
vitamin K nutrition in the body?
ANS:
13. Discuss the adverse effects of free radicals.
14. Explain the relationship between free radicals and degenerative diseases.
15. Discuss the scientific evidence for the role of dietary antioxidants in reducing risk for chronic diseases.
