Chapter 11—Lowering Your Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Each year in the United States, about ____ people are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection.
a.
2 million
b.
9 million
c.
14 million
d.
19 million
2. Which statement is true of sexually transmitted infections?
a.
They are easy to spot with the proper information.
b.
They may or may not exhibit symptoms.
c.
They can easily be cured with antibiotics.
d.
They are no longer much of a problem.
3. Why do public health officials prefer the term sexually transmitted infections (STIs) rather than
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
a.
The term STI is currently associated with less stigmatization than the term STD.
b.
People can and often do transmit STIs without experiencing symptoms, and symptoms are
the hallmark of a disease.
c.
STIs can be treated with antibiotics, whereas STDs are viral so can be controlled but not
cured.
d.
STDs and STIs are the same thing, and the new terminology just represents better
understanding of the causes of STDs.
4. Within two years of becoming sexually active, _____ teenage girls may acquire an STI.
a.
one in 10
b.
one in 4
c.
one in 3
d.
one in 2
5. Among females, rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea are consistently highest in which of the following
age groups?
a.
15 to 24
b.
25 to 34
c.
35 to 44
d.
45 to 54
6. Which of the following is the LOWEST risk behavior where transmission of STIs is concerned?
a.
cunnilingus, with barrier protection
b.
anal intercourse, with a receptive partner and with barrier protection
c.
vaginal intercourse, with an insertive partner, no barrier, and withdrawal before
ejaculation
d.
fellatio, not protected and including ejaculation
7. Which of the following is the HIGHEST risk behavior where transmission of STIs is concerned?
a.
cunnilingus, with barrier protection
b.
anal intercourse, with a receptive partner and barrier protection
c.
vaginal intercourse, with an insertive partner, no barrier, and withdrawal before
ejaculation
d.
fellatio, not protected and including ejaculation
8. Which of the following is true of STIs and women?
a.
The risk of contracting an STI is higher for women than for men.
b.
STI symptoms are usually more obvious in women than in men.
c.
Although STIs often cause sterility in men, they rarely harm women’s fertility.
d.
Women are less likely than men to experience life-threatening complications of STIs.
9. In the ABCs of safer sex, the “A” stands for
a.
abstain
b.
approach
c.
avoid
d.
alert
10. Male condoms can reduce the risk of transmission of STIs by:
a.
less than 10%
b.
about 20%
c.
about 30%
d.
50% or more
11. What percentage of current college students have been tested for HIV?
a.
6%
b.
16%
c.
26%
d.
36%
12. What percentage of women will contract human papillomavirus?
a.
30%
b.
50%
c.
70%
d.
90%
13. Of the more than 100 different strains of HPV, _____ are oncogenic (cancer-causing).
a.
5%
b.
15%
c.
35%
d.
55%
14. Which of the following is true of the HPV vaccine?
a.
The vaccine is safe and effective for females, age 11 to 36.
b.
Vaccination is recommended for females but not males.
c.
Boosters are required every three to five years.
d.
Compliance rates for receiving all three required doses are low.
15. Herpes simplex 1 is primarily transmitted by:
a.
genital contact
b.
kissing an infected person
c.
contaminated hands
d.
using someone’s toothbrush
16. Young people aged 15–24 account for what percentage of new cases of genital herpes occurring in the
United States?
a.
10%
b.
20%
c.
30%
d.
40%
17. Medications like Zovirax and Valtrex:
a.
are vaccines that protect someone from herpes
b.
can help herpes lesions heal
c.
can be used to cure chancroids
d.
are used to treat HPV
18. The most widespread sexually transmitted bacterium in the U.S. is:
a.
herpes simplex
b.
chlamydia
c.
gonorrhea
d.
AIDS
19. About _____ percent of women and _____ percent of men with chlamydia have no symptoms.
a.
25; 10
b.
25; 50
c.
50: 75
d.
75; 50
20. The CDC recommends that women diagnosed with chlamydia:
a.
be rescreened three to four months after treatment is completed
b.
delay treatment is they are pregnant or nursing when they are diagnosed
c.
use female condoms while they are undergoing treatment
d.
refrain from all sexual activity until they have had two consecutive negative screens
21. Chlamydia can cause a secondary infection in a man’s testicles known as
a.
nongonococcal urethritis
b.
syphilis
c.
HPV
d.
epididymitis
22. Infection of a woman’s fallopian tubes or uterus is called
a.
pelvic inflammatory disease
b.
toxic shock syndrome
c.
gonorrhea
d.
syphilis
23. Which of the following is a cost-effective way of screening young women for gonorrhea and
chlamydia?
a.
urine testing
b.
blood testing
c.
pelvic ultrasound
d.
MRI
24. PID causes _______ of infertility cases each year.
a.
5% to 10%
b.
10% to 15%
c.
15% to 30%
d.
30% to 50%
25. A thick, yellow-white pus from the male penis is indicative of which STI?
a.
syphilis
b.
gonorrhea
c.
chlamydia
d.
herpes
26. As many as ________ women with gonorrhea have no symptoms.
a.
1 in 10
b.
3 in 10
c.
5 in 10
d.
8 in 10
27. Which of the following is true of the treatment for gonorrhea?
a.
Gonorrhea must be treated with high doses of antivirals.
b.
Most cases of gonorrhea resolve on their own, without treatment.
c.
Strains of gonorrhea that are resistant to commonly used antibiotics have been found.
d.
Fluoroquinolones remain the preferred drugs for treating gonorrhea.
28. NGU is:
a.
an inflammation of the urethra
b.
more common in women than men
c.
rarely transmitted by sexual contact
d.
no longer an issue once the symptoms disappear
29. Which stage of syphilis is identified by a chancre?
a.
primary
b.
secondary
c.
tertiary
d.
There is no chancre associated with syphilis.
30. In which stage of syphilis do skin rashes appear all over the body?
a.
primary
b.
secondary
c.
latent
d.
tertiary
31. The incidence of syphilis
a.
has sharply declined since 1990.
b.
declined between 1990 and 2000 but increased from 2000 to 2010
c.
has increased sharply among men but decreased sharply among women.
d.
has steadily increased since 1990.
32. The drug of choice for treating syphilis is:
a.
fluoroquinolone
b.
valacyclovir
c.
penicillin
d.
metronidazole
33. Chancroids:
a.
are caused by a virus
b.
may spread to the lymph glands and cause tissue death
c.
have almost never been seen in the United States
d.
can be treated with anti-fungal creams
34. The eggs that lice lay are called:
a.
nits
b.
larvae
c.
treponema
d.
candidiasis
35. Scabies differs from pubic lice in that they:
a.
do not cause itching
b.
burrow under the skin
c.
eat pubic hair
d.
are only found in bedding
36. Trichomoniasis:
a.
may cause a yellow-green vaginal discharge
b.
is caused by a bacteria
c.
usually produces strong symptoms in men
d.
cannot be passed from female to female
37. Young people between the ages of 13 to 20 account for what percentage of new HIV diagnoses in the
U.S.?
a.
14%
b.
24%
c.
34%
d.
44%
38. Although black Americans represent only 12 percent of the population, they account for _____ percent
of new HIV infections in the U.S.
a.
14
b.
24
c.
34
d.
44
39. Which statement is true regarding the HIV virus?
a.
You can get HIV from touching a toilet seat in a public restroom.
b.
The HIV virus is quite easy to contract.
c.
HIV can live in blood, vaginal fluid, and breast milk.
d.
You can tell by looking at a person whether he/she has HIV.
40. What group has the highest age-adjusted mortality from HIV/AIDS?
a.
black Americans
b.
white Americans
c.
Hispanic Americans
d.
Asian Americans
41. Individuals between 13 and 20 years of age account for _____ of the new cases of HIV infection in the
U.S.
a.
4%
b.
14%
c.
24%
d.
34%
42. Which of the following is true?
a.
HIV is easier to catch than other viruses.
b.
Sharing dishes, food, and clothing with individuals who are HIV positive is safe.
c.
Teenage girls have a reduced risk of HIV infection because of the tightness of the cervix.
d.
HIV cannot be transmitted through oral sex.
43. Which of the following tests is FDA-approved for home use?
a.
ELISA
b.
Oral HIV test
c.
Home Access
d.
Western blot
44. Which statement about antiretroviral therapies is true?
a.
ARTs can eradicate the HIV virus.
b.
ARTs involve the use of combinations of drugs.
c.
ARTs are no longer used for treating HIV.
d.
ARTs reduce HIV transmission but not the amount of HIV in the bloodstream.
45. The viral load of an HIV+ patient refers to the:
a.
amount of HIV in the lungs
b.
amount of HIV in bone marrow
c.
amount of HIV in the bloodstream
d.
level of viral pneumonia in the lungs
COMPLETION
1. The odds of acquiring an STI during a lifetime are one in ____________________.
2. Symptoms of STIs tend to be more ____________________ in women, so they often go undetected
and untreated, leading to potentially serious complications.
3. In the safer sex ABCs, the “B” stands for ____________________.
4. The most commonly sexually transmitted infection in the United States is ____________________.
5. Herpes comes from the Greek word meaning ____________________.
6. The sexually transmitted infection that causes blisters on the skin or mucus membranes is the
____________________ virus.
7. ____________________ is the most widespread sexually transmitted bacterium in the U.S.
8. Infection of a woman’s fallopian tubes or uterus is called ____________________.
9. ____________________ is the leading cause of sterility in women.
10. ____________________ is the most common STI in men.
11. ____________________ is a sexually transmitted infection that has four distinct stages.
12. George has been diagnosed with syphilis and therefore, should be treated with
____________________ to cure his bacterial infection.
13. A(n) ____________________ is a soft, painful sore caused by bacteria.
14. ____________________ is caused by a mite that burrows under the skin and lays eggs.
15. ____________________ causes a frothy yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong odor.
16. HIV destroys the cell-mediated immune system, particularly the ____________________ (also called
T4 helper cells).
17. All HIV tests measure ____________________, cells produced by the body to fight HIV infection.
18. It can take three to six months for the body to produce the telltale ____________________ for HIV, so
a negative result may not be accurate, depending on the timing of the test.
19. ____________________ HIV testing is available in 39 states.
20. New forms of therapy have been remarkably effective in boosting levels of protective T cells and
reducing ____________________⎯the amount of HIV in the bloodstream.
MATCHING
Match the items below with the most appropriate description:
a.
the clap
f.
genital warts
b.
blisters on genital area
g.
fever blisters around the mouth
c.
crabs
h.
chancre
d.
not an STI
i.
HIV test
e.
used to treat herpes
j.
most common bacterial STI
1. Home Access
2. HSV-1
3. HSV-2
4. Pubic lice
5. HPV
6. Gonorrhea
7. Chlamydia
8. Zovirax
9. PID
10. Syphilis
ESSAY
1. Give an example of five different sexually transmitted diseases along with symptoms and possible side
effects.
2. Discuss what you can do to decrease your chance of developing a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
if you are in a sexual relationship with a partner.
3. Explain what it means when someone is said to be “asymptomatic” while having a sexually
transmitted infection (STI). How is it dangerous, particularly if this person is infected with chlamydia
and doesn’t know it?
4. Discuss what steps a person should take if they have an STI.
ANS:
5. Identify four bodily fluids through which HIV can be spread, and two ways that HIV cannot be spread.