a.
Hedonic shopping value
b.
Absolute shopping value
c.
Epistemic shopping value
d.
Experiential shopping value
e.
Utilitarian shopping value
26. Betsy hates doing her groceries every Saturday. Therefore, when it is done, she feels glad that she
won’t have to buy groceries for the rest of the week. Which of the following types of shopping values
is most likely received by Betsy from the activity of buying groceries?
a.
Utilitarian shopping value
b.
Hedonic shopping value
c.
Epistemic shopping value
d.
Experiential shopping value
e.
Absolute shopping value
27. Which of the following represents the worth of an activity because the time spent doing the activity
itself is personally gratifying?
a.
Utilitarian shopping value
b.
Acquisitional shopping value
c.
Absolute shopping value
d.
Hedonic shopping value
e.
Epistemic shopping value
28. Kate loves buying gifts for her friends. It gives her immense personal satisfaction. Which of the
following types of shopping value is Kate most likely to receive from the activity of buying gifts?
a.
Affective shopping value
b.
Hedonic shopping value
c.
Impulsive shopping value
d.
Absolute shopping value
e.
Epistemic shopping value
29. Retailers specializing in things like a wide selection of goods, low prices, guarantees, and
knowledgeable employees use a type of positioning which emphasizes the _____ quality of a retail
store.
a.
affective
b.
experiential
c.
epistemic
d.
adaptive
e.
functional
30. Retailers specializing in a unique environment, an impressive décor, friendly employees, and pleasant
emotions use a type of positioning which emphasizes the _____ quality of a retail store.
a.
affective
b.
epistemic
c.
functional
d.
experiential
e.
adaptive
31. Kyra is a chain of retail stores targeted toward working women. It offers trendy clothing and
housewares. The stores are designed differently from others to provide the perception that they are hip
and unique, just like their target shoppers. The goal is to create an emotionally rewarding environment
in an attempt to produce high hedonic shopping value. This is an example of a positioning based on the
_____ quality.
a.
adaptive
b.
affective
c.
experiential
d.
epistemic
e.
functional
32. The way a retail store is defined in the mind of a shopper based on the combination of functional and
affective qualities is known as retail _____.
a.
synchronicity
b.
utility
c.
functionality
d.
personality
e.
edge
33. Which of the following types of shopping behaviors is most likely to be characterized by both
situational memory and utilitarian orientation?
a.
Impulsive shopping
b.
Compulsive shopping
c.
Unplanned shopping
d.
Experiential shopping
e.
Decisive shopping
34. Eva generally makes a list of things to be bought before going for grocery shopping on weekends.
However, last weekend she picked up some items that were not there in her list as she realized that she
needed these items when she saw them on display in the store. This activity of purchasing the items
that were not in the list is an example of _____ shopping.
a.
impulsive
b.
unplanned
c.
compulsive
d.
decisive
e.
experiential
35. _____ is a personality trait that represents how sensitive a consumer is to immediate rewards.
a.
Compulsivity
b.
Impulsivity
c.
Susceptibility
d.
Sensitivity
e.
Accountability
36. Consumers with a high capacity to self-regulate their behavior are sometimes referred to as _____.
a.
action-oriented
b.
state-oriented
c.
time-oriented
d.
mood-oriented
e.
object-oriented
37. When Timothy goes to a store, he has one goal in mind and that is to buy what he came to buy and not
let other things in the store—sales, promotional events, tempting offers—interfere with his shopping
intentions. This way he ensures that he never exceeds his budget. Based on this information, Timothy
is a(n) _____ consumer.
a.
time-oriented
b.
action-oriented
c.
state-oriented
d.
mood-oriented
e.
affect-oriented
38. Consumers with a low capacity to self-regulate are referred to as _____.
a.
action-oriented
b.
state-oriented
c.
time-oriented
d.
mood-oriented
e.
object-oriented
39. Janice often accompanies her friends’ on shopping trips. On such occasions, Janice ends up buying
more than her friends. She can hardly resist the temptation of buying the products on sale and ends up
spending a lot more than she planned to. According to this information, Janice is a(n) _____ consumer.
a.
action-oriented
b.
state-oriented
c.
time-oriented
d.
mood-oriented
e.
object-oriented
40. In consumer behavior, the emotional nature of an environment or the feelings created by the total aura
of physical attributes that comprise the physical environment is referred to as _____.
a.
metacentric
b.
telocentric
c.
atmospherics
d.
biometrics
e.
climacterics
41. Which of the following represents the emotional meaning of an environment which results from the
sum effect of all ambient attributes that influences the way one feels in that place?
a.
Functional quality
b.
Affective quality
c.
Adaptive quality
d.
Epistemic quality
e.
Sustainable quality
42. Which of the following elements is/are most likely to influence the functional quality of a shopping
environment?
a.
Low prices
b.
Crowds
c.
Upbeat music
d.
Cool colors
e.
Pleasant odors
43. Which of the following elements is/are most likely to influence the affective quality of a shopping
environment?
a.
Convenience of the environment
b.
Upbeat music
c.
Knowledgeable salespeople
d.
Low prices
e.
Availability of different brands
44. In the context of the retail atmosphere elements, which of the following terms refers to how consistent
the elements of an environment are with each other?
a.
Fit
b.
Base
c.
Functionality
d.
Congruity
e.
Reliability
45. Which of the following terms refers to humans’ physical and psychological processing of smells?
a.
Auditory
b.
Gustatory
c.
Ocular
d.
Olfactory
e.
Kinesthetic
46. The management at Saga, a newly opened apparel store specializing in high-end designer wear for
working women, intends to position its store as grand, opulent, and exclusive. Which of the following,
when implemented, is most likely to reflect this intention to the consumers?
a.
Using fast-paced music as the background music in the store
b.
Using pop music as the background music in the store
c.
Using predominantly red and orange colors in the store’s decor
d.
Using signage with large numerals to indicate product price
e.
Using predominantly blue in the store’s decor and interiors
47. _____ refers to the density of people and objects within a given space.
a.
Invading
b.
Diffusing
c.
Crowding
d.
Infiltrating
e.
Shilling
48. Consumers expect personal trainers to be physically fit. The degree to which a trainer’s appearance
matches a consumer’s prototype and elicits a favorable response from the consumer will be referred to
as _____.
a.
source fit
b.
source congruity
c.
source attractiveness
d.
source comparison
e.
source control
49. Lori prefers to purchase cosmetics at self-service drug stores as saleswomen at cosmetic counters in
department stores intimidate her. Lori thinks that they are prettier than her. This self-evaluation
conducted by Lori is an example of _____.
a.
social intimidation
b.
social comparison
c.
social attribution
d.
social categorization
e.
social aspiration
50. Situational characteristics that a consumer brings to a particular information processing, purchase, or
consumption environment are called _____ conditions.
a.
coalescent
b.
descendent
c.
impendent
d.
antecedent
e.
respondent
51. Diane loves to splurge on clothes. However, when she was out shopping the other day, Diane bought
much less than she usually does as she had left her credit card at home. Which of the following
antecedent conditions is most likely accountable for Diane’s reduced volume of purchase?
a.
Consumer’s buying power
b.
Consumer budgeting
c.
Consumer’s orientation
d.
Consumer’s mood
e.
Consumer’s perception of security
52. John is generally thrifty and believes in spending wisely. However, after a bad day at work, John went
shopping and ended up buying and spending much more than he usually does. Which of the following
antecedent conditions is most likely accountable for John’s increased volume of purchase and
spending?
a.
Consumer’s buying power
b.
Consumer budgeting
c.
Consumer’s mood
d.
Consumer’s orientation
e.
Consumer’s perception of security
53. Contrary to recommendations by consumer credit counselors, most consumers don’t keep written track
of their purchases, relying instead on their memories to keep track of the expenditures. This is an
example of _____ budgeting.
a.
performance-based
b.
formal
c.
programmed
d.
participatory
e.
mental
WEEKEND SHOPPING SCENARIO
The Smiths do their groceries every weekend. These are elaborately planned with Mrs. Smith making a
list of requirements for the entire family over the week. She never forgets to replenish their stock of
Caribbean coffee as her husband, a writer, generally feels groggy and sleepy after lunch in the
afternoon. The coffee keeps him awake at such times. Fruits are a “must–buy” for the family. Everyone
including their three children loves apples. However, Mrs. Smith refrains from buying apples when
they are not in season as they tend to be more expensive. This weekend, she bought a new brand of
pasta that her children insisted on buying as they were tempted by its commercial that comes on TV
everyday at dinnertime. She also bought a packet of cocoa powder even though it was not on the list.
She realized she needed it as she was attending chocolate-making classes. She has a weakness for milk
chocolates and cannot resist the temptation to buy them. The Smiths don’t have a strict budget for
these shopping trips. More often than not, Mrs. Smith relies on her memory to keep a tab on their
expenditure. What matters most to them is that everyone in the family should get what they want.
54. Refer to Weekend Shopping Scenario. Mrs. Smith never forgets to replenish their stock of Caribbean
coffee as her husband, a writer, generally feels groggy and sleepy after lunch in the afternoon. The
coffee keeps him awake at such times. Which of the following temporal factors most likely accounts
for Mrs. Smith’s coffee purchase?
a.
Time pressure
b.
Time constant
c.
Time reciprocity
d.
Time of the day
e.
Time of the year
55. Refer to Weekend Shopping Scenario. Mrs. Smith refrains from buying apples when they are not in
season as they tend to be more expensive. Which of the following temporal factors most likely
prevents Mrs. Smith from buying apples?
a.
Time pressure
b.
Time constant
c.
Time reciprocity
d.
Time of the day
e.
Time of the year
56. Refer to Weekend Shopping Scenario. Mrs. Smith bought a new brand of pasta that her children
insisted on buying as they were tempted by its commercial that runs on TV everyday at dinnertime.
This is an example of a commercial that is based on the concept of _____.
a.
cool hunting
b.
meta-advertising
c.
conquesting
d.
advertiming
e.
shockvertising
57. Refer to Weekend Shopping Scenario. Mrs. Smith bought a pound of cocoa powder even though it was
not on the list. However, she realized she needed it when she saw them on display. This activity of
purchasing an item that was not in the list is an example of _____ shopping.
a.
epistemic
b.
impulsive
c.
compulsive
d.
decisive
e.
unplanned
58. Refer to Weekend Shopping Scenario. The Smiths don’t have a strict budget for these shopping trips.
More often than not, Mrs. Smith relies on her memory to keep a tab on their expenditure. This is an
example of _____ budgeting.
a.
formal
b.
programmed
c.
mental
d.
performance-based
e.
participatory
CHRISTMAS SHOPPING SCENARIO
59. Refer to Christmas Shopping Scenario. Lanny did not want to go to a crowded mall as she only had a
Saturday to do all of her shopping. According to this information, which of the following temporal
factors had the greatest impact on Lanny’s shopping experience?
a.
Time pressure
b.
Time constant
c.
Time reciprocity
d.
Time of the day
e.
Time simultaneity
60. Refer to Christmas Shopping Scenario. Lanny saw an advertisement in the morning for a new store
that claimed to be the “right destination for all kinds of Christmas shopping,” located in her little
downtown area. She decided to go there instead of the mall to avoid the crowd in the mall. This is an
example of a commercial that is based on the concept of _____.
a.
cool hunting
b.
meta-advertising
c.
conquesting
d.
advertiming
e.
shockvertising
61. Refer to Christmas Shopping Scenario. Lanny’s shopping was focused on one thing—getting done
with Christmas shopping on a single day. This is an example of _____ shopping.
a.
impulsive
b.
hedonic
c.
epistemic
d.
acquisitional
e.
experiential
62. Refer to Christmas Shopping Scenario. Lanny bought a cute bracelet for herself, though it was not a
part of the shopping list she had made earlier. This spontaneous purchase is best described as _____
shopping.
a.
epistemic
b.
impulsive
c.
utilitarian
d.
affective
e.
adaptive
63. Refer to Christmas Shopping Scenario. Lanny was trying to keep a track in her head of how much she
was spending in an attempt to avoid going overboard and winding up with a huge credit card bill next
month. This is an example of _____ budgeting.
a.
formal
b.
programmed
c.
mental
d.
performance-based
e.
participatory
ESSAY
1. Define situational influences. How do situational influences change a consumer’s perception of value?
Explain the three categories of situational influences.
2. Discuss the temporal factors that affect consumer behavior.
3. Explain the concept of advertiming. Describe the best time to advertise the following products:
(a) swimming pool
(b) beer
(c) nasal spray
(d) cereal
(e) school supply
4. Name and describe the four types of shopping activities. Give an example of each based on your
personal shopping experience.
5. Compare and contrast impulsive, unplanned, and compulsive shopping behaviors.
6. Define atmospherics. Describe the atmospheric elements of a specific retail store or restaurant that you
like.
7. Explain antecedent conditions. Give some examples of antecedent conditions that shape consumers’
perception of value.
