1. The text defines gender as:
a. the biological differences in males and females.
b. the way members of the two sexes are perceived, evaluated, and expected to behave.
c. the differences in males and females due to the greater strength of males.
d. universally-recognizable male aggressiveness and female maternalism.
e. a continuum of biological sexual characteristics.
2. MargaretMead’sstudyofthreeNewGuineasocietiesdeterminedthat:
a. males in all three societies were more nurturing than were the women.
b. men’sandwomen’sgenderrolesarenotdefinedinthesamewaysinallsocieties.
c. womeninthesethreegroupswerefiercelyaggressivewhilemen’sbehaviorvaried.
d. meninthesethreegroupswerefiercelyaggressivewhilewomen’sbehaviorvaried.
e. women were nurturing and men were aggressive.
3. Sexual dimorphism is:
a. found in all species of mammals.
b. a characteristic of humans.
c. the practice of having two sexual partners.
d. absent in most Asian and African societies.
e. constantly becoming more manifest in humans.
Chapter11—SexandGender
4. The Hijra of Hindu India exemplify:
a. a gender role that tolerates a wider definition of gender than is found in our own society.
b. a gender role which defines masculinity more rigidly than our own society.
c. a gender role which defines masculinity and femininity almost identically.
d. social deviants who are discouraged in their own society.
e. a type of individual who has no actual biological sexual definition.
5. Anthropological data on human sexuality in other parts of the world is sparse for all of the following reasons
EXCEPT:
a. sexual activity in all parts of the world is considered to be a private matter.
b. data on women has been ignored by the preponderance of male researchers.
c. questions asked by anthropologists have been narrowly defined.
d. anthropologists have not been interested in this topic for very long.
e. gathering this type of data can be very delicate and difficult.
6. As a general rule, most societies divide labor by gender so that:
a. women clear land and tend crops.
b. men collect firewood, carry water, and clear land.
c. men engage in warfare, hunt large animals, and clear land.
d. women have children, but men participate daily in their upbringing.
e. women and men have tasks that do not overlap or depend upon each other at all.
Chapter11—SexandGender
7. Male homosexuality among the Azande of the Sudan can be described by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. it is considered a legitimate short-term arrangement while men serve in the military.
b. it involves the payment of bridewealth.
c. it is not considered to be a long-term (lifetime) arrangement.
d. it is a publicly recognized role.
e. it involves the peaceful co-existence of both a homosexual and heterosexual relationship within the same
marriage or union.
8. While human sexuality varies widely from culture to culture:
a. most societies are quite permissive about premarital sex.
b. all societies regulate sexual conduct.
c. all societies expect married adults to have very active sex lives.
d. no societies consider sexual activity essential for good health.
e. all cultures contain the same two genders.
9. Which statement about sexuality in the United States is NOT true?
a. Although more people are becoming sexually active at a younger age, they are not having sex as frequently.
b. Young people are becoming sexually active at an earlier age.
c. A greater percentage of younger people are becoming sexually active.
d. For those who are sexually active, their sexual activity is becoming more frequent.
e. The United States tends to be more permissive about sexuality than many other countries.
Chapter11—SexandGender
10. The acceptance of gay behavior in Iraq:
a. is greater in 2012 than it was before the U.S. invasion in 2003.
b. is less in 2012 than it was before the U.S. invasion in 2003.
c. hasalwaysbeennear“nonexistent.”
d. is very open and tolerant.
e. is not discussed and there is no information on this.
11. Which of the following tasks is NOT generally shared between males and females across cultures?
a. Tending small animals
b. Making craft items
c. Trading in the local market
d. Preparing food
e. Planting and harvesting crops
12. Which statement about the cross-cultural study of male homosexuality is true?
a. Sexual preference and sexual activity are the same thing.
b. Approximately 30 percent of all U.S. males prefer homosexuality as a lifestyle.
c. Some societies define male homosexuality as a necessary requirement for heterosexual relationships in
adulthood.
d. All societies view male homosexuality as deviant and pathological.
e. Only societies that have a state religion tend to condemn homosexuality.
Chapter11—SexandGender
13. Expectedwaysofbehavingbasedonasociety’sdefinitionofmasculinityandfemininityiscalled:
a. the sexual division of labor.
b. human sexuality.
c. gender.
d. sexual roles.
e. gender roles.
14. Which of the following types of societies are most associated with gender egalitarianism?
a. Hunting and gathering
b. Horticultural
c. Pastoral
d. Agrarian
e. Industrial
15. Inhorticulturalsocieties,whatisthesourceofmostofwomen’ssubsistencework?
a. Herding animals
b. Farm work
c. Child care
d. Cooking
e. Hunting
Chapter11—SexandGender
16. Among the Maasai:
a. women have extremely high status as cattle herders.
b. women and men have relatively equal status, as both participate equally in subsistence activities.
c. there is a female-centered ideal and the society is markedly pro-female.
d. women are marginalized because they are not cattle herders.
e. bothmenandwomenworkasfarmers,butmen’slaborismorevalued.
17. Recently, in agrarian societies:
a. women’sstatushasdeclinedbecausethereislessvalueputonagriculturalsubsistence.
b. women’sstatushasimprovedbecauseofjobopportunitiesoffthefarm.
c. women have begun outnumbering men as the primary subsistence earners on the farm.
d. gender stratification has become increasingly divided.
e. women have become world leaders.
18. Among food collecting societies, the roles performed by women and men:
a. are assigned a very different status.
b. are different but their relative status is not.
c. are almost identical, with very similar status.
d. do not determine the status of each gender, as both genders do exactly the same tasks.
e. never overlap.
Chapter11—SexandGender
19. The village of Umoja Uaso in Kenya was established by:
a. women who were raped by British soldiers and then ostracized by their own home communities for having
children out of wedlock.
b. women who were abused by their Kenyan husbands and wished to set up a matriarchy among the Sumburu
pastoralists.
c. the government of Kenya for both men and women who were single and did not have life partners to help
them in their daily subsistence.
d. men who established the first homosexual colony within Kenya.
e. non-governmental charity agencies to support and provide for the large numbers of HIV positive cases living
in Kenya today.
20. Male involvement in child rearing is quite common among which group?
a. Maasai
b. Azande
c. Navajo
d. Pokat
e. Dinka
21. Umajo Uaso, Kenya, has changed in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
a. it has become a refuge for women of domestic violence.
b. today the people from this village sell their beaded art in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
c. the women in the village do chores that once were done by men.
d. they now allow a small number of men to live and work in the village.
e. they are now open to tourists who come and buy their art and crafts.
Chapter11—SexandGender
22. Gender stratification is found:
a. only in food collecting societies.
b. only in horticultural societies.
c. only in pastoralist societies.
d. only in industrial societies.
e. in all types of societies.
23. Iranianwomen’sabandonmentandsubsequentreturntotheveilandmoretraditionalfemalerolesillustratesthat:
a. the status of women in societies is not static.
b. politicalchangeseldomchangeswomen’sroles.
c. men are universally dominant.
d. purdah has no place in the modern world.
e. world politics has enormous effect on what women choose to do.
24. Sexual asymmetry can be shown through the use of doublets, which:
a. demonstrate the inequality of women compared to men in America.
b. are pairs of words that have the same meaning, but one word is used by men and the other by women.
c. are found in Standard American English.
d. always vary in terms of loudness and aggressiveness.
e. are words that are constructed of at least two other words and have a private meaning between men and
women.
Chapter11—SexandGender
25. “Genderlects”referstolinguisticgenderdifferencesintheUnitedStates,where:
a. women’sspeechtendstobecooperativeincharacter.
b. womenengagein“reporttalk,”whilemenengagein“rapporttalk.”
c. women emphasize establishing a place in the competitive social hierarchy.
d. mentendtoengagemoreoftenthanwomendoin“activelistening.”
e. women tend to use more qualifiers than men in their speech, making it difficult to converse.
26. In India today, new reproductive technologies are increasingly being used to:
a. increase the number of offspring a family can have, including larger numbers of girls.
b. determine the sex of the fetus and decide whether to terminate the pregnancy if it is a girl.
c. apply genetic surgeries that will allow a family to select the eye and skin color of its children.
d. improve prenatal health so children will be born at higher weights and have better developed brains.
e. establish the status symbol of the family as they genetically engineer their offspring.
27. According to Deborah Tannen, which statement best describes the differences in language between men and
women in the United States?
a. Men and women cannot converse productively.
b. Menengagein“rapporttalk”whilewomenengagein“reporttalk.”
c. Men’stalktendstobemorecompetitive.
d. When men and women are talking together, women tend to talk more than men and interrupt them more
frequently.
e. Men tend to listen better than women do.
Chapter11—SexandGender
28. Applied anthropologist Sunil Khanna found that Jat migrants in India preferred sons because:
a. they are ignorant and do not value life.
b. the men own land and they do not wish to divide their landholdings or share them with sons-in-law.
c. they do not like children and do not wish to have the economic burden of caring for offspring.
d. they believe sons will become political and economic assets.
e. they have a warrior mentality and only wish to enlarge their armies.
29. Among which cultural group would you expect to find the most gender equity?
a. Tchambuli
b. Samoans
c. Jat migrants of India
d. Minangkabau
e. Sumburu of Kenya
30. According to Ernestine Friedl, women are subordinate to men because men:
a. are bigger and stronger.
b. control the allocation of scarce resources.
c. have more testosterone.
d. are hunters.
e. tend to have more aggressive social interactions.
Chapter11—SexandGender
31. Pregnant women in developing countries face all of the following EXCEPT:
a. malnutrition.
b. a lack of trained medical personnel to deal with high-risk pregnancies.
c. 80 to 600 times the risk of dying of complications of pregnancy than women in the industrialized world.
d. increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.
e. increased likelihood to seek contraceptive devices.
32. AnthropologistRichardLeeattributesthelowincidenceofHIV/AIDSamongtheJu’hoansito:
a. their high rate of sexual abstinence.
b. thetraditionalhighstatusofJu’hoansiwomen.
c. good sex education programs in the public schools.
d. the widespread use of condoms.
e. the lack of any outside influence.
33. Women in many parts of the world are particularly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS for all of the following reasons
EXCEPT:
a. they have less biological resistance to the disease than men.
b. itisunacceptableinsomeculturesforwomentosay“no”tounwantedsex.
c. in some sexually restrictive cultures, women are denied information about the dangers of sexually transmitted
diseases.
d. women are economically dependent on men.
e. women face physical violence for voicing their concerns and choices.
Chapter11—SexandGender
34. Whichstatementaboutthe“feminizationofpoverty”isFALSE?
a. It applies to women all over the world.
b. The inequities worldwide of gender and economics are increasing.
c. It has little relationship to gender segregation in the American workforce.
d. Female-headed households with children are much less powerful than families that include a male adult.
e. It is particularly severe for minority women in the United States.
35. Which statement about the Minangkabau of West Sumatra is true?
a. The society is a true matriarchy.
b. This society tends to emphasize cooperation among men and women.
c. This society emphasizes women controlling men.
d. This society emphasizes high levels of competition between men and women.
e. This society has multiple genders, so there is no traditional understanding of differences between men and
women.
36. The World Bank has found that financial credit given to women is good business because of all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. women are more reliable than men in terms of paying back the loans.
b. women tend to spend their profits on better nutrition for their children.
c. womentendtospendtheirprofitsontheirchildren’seducation.
d. women tend to carry a heavier burden of financial inequality than men.
e. women do approximately one third of the work throughout the world.
Chapter11—SexandGender
37. Which country has the highest Gender Empowerment Measure (greatest equality between men and women)?
a. Niger
b. Canada
c. Sweden
d. Sierra Leone
e. United States
38. The preference for male children:
a. is universal.
b. doesn’treallyexistandonlyappearsintheanthropologicalliteraturebecauseofthemalebiasinanthropology.
c. is only found in food collecting (foraging) societies.
d. is much more common than the rare preference for female children.
e. ultimately creates a healthy and balanced society.
39. According to Amnesty International, approximately how many women each year undergo female genital cutting?
a. 140 million
b. 100 million
c. 80 million
d. 50 million
e. 38 million
Chapter11—SexandGender