69. Which is NOT a reason imprisoned mothers have a difficult time maintaining contact with their children?
a. distance
b. infrequent phone calls
c. irregular visits
d. parental apathy
e. adult visitation only
70. The typical big house of the 1940s and 1950s had all of the following EXCEPT:
a. large, tiered cell blocks.
b. a yard.
c. shops.
d. industrial workshops.
e. a counseling center.
71. During the 1960s and early 1970s, prisons began to feature what new aspect?
a. tiered cell blocks
b. a yard
c. shops
d. industrial workshops
e. a counseling center
72. Which of the following is NOT one of the problems confronting the modern prison system in America?
a. overcrowding
b. legal issues
c. racial conflicts
d. limited resources
e. abundant vocational programs
73. The model which dominates most maximum security prisons today is the:
a. custodial model.
b. rehabilitation model.
c. reintegration model.
d. family model.
e. community model.
74. Which is NOT one of the three models of incarceration which have predominated since the early 1940s?
a. custodial model
b. rehabilitation model
c. reintegration model
d. community model
75. Which prison model would provide the best opportunities to learn a trade or gain an education?
a. custodial model
b. rehabilitation model
c. reintegration model
d. community model
e. family model
76. A “get tough on crime” approach to address societal concerns over dangerous career criminals would likely
be addressed through which model?
a. custodial model
b. rehabilitation model
c. reintegration model
d. community model
e. family model
77. Prisoners with emotional or addiction problems would prosper best under which model?
a. custodial model
b. rehabilitation model
c. reintegration model
d. community model
e. family model
78. The goals of incapacitation, deterrence, and retribution would best be realized with this model?
a. custodial model
b. rehabilitation model
c. reintegration model
d. community model
e. family model
79. Which of the following statements about prison managers is FALSE?
a. Prison managers cannot select their clients.
b. Prison managers have complete control over release of clients who are there against their will.
c. Prison managers must rely on unpaid clients to do most of the daily work.
d. Prison maintenance depends on satisfactory relationship between clients and staff.
e. Custodial staff in the prison are the most numerous.
80. Which of the following statements about prison managers is TRUE?
a. Prison managers select their clients.
b. Prison managers have control over release of clients who are there against their will.
c. Prison managers do not rely on unpaid clients to do most of the daily work.
d. Prison maintenance is independent of satisfactory relationship between clients and staff.
e. Prison managers are professional personnel such as teachers, clinicians, and industry supervisors.
81. Programs designed to improve the lives of inmates are classified as:
a. order.
b. amenities.
c. services.
d. protection.
e. opportunity.
82. In the context of prison management, the absence of misconduct that threatens the safety of others is referred to
as:
a. order.
b. amenities.
c. service.
d. protection.
e. opportunity.
Ronald works as a correctional officer in a maximum security prison. He is new to the job and faces a hostile reception
whenever he appears on the cell block.
83. Mickey, a prisoner on the cell block, is willing to help Ronald out if he can get access to the prison library. Ronald
agrees. This is referred to as a(n):
a. exchange relationship.
b. time management relationship.
c. informal relationship.
d. leadership relationship.
e. prison culture relationship.
84. It is a large prison with a high prisoner to staff ratio. But after a while, Ronald learns which prisoners are
trustworthy and uses them to serve as an essential link in communications. This relationship is called a(n):
a. inmate leadership.
b. informal leadership.
c. informal leadership.
d. prison leadership.
e. none of the above.
Completion
85. During the 1960s and early 1970s, the ____________________ model dominated the U.S. prison system.
86. The _________ model emphasizes maintaining the offender’s ties to family and community as a method of reform.
87. The ____________________ model of incarceration emphasizes security, order, and discipline.
88. The ____________________ employees are the most numerous of prison employees.
89. Charles Logan believes the mission of corrections is _________.
90. Conflict between _______ and _______ presents significant challenges for administrators.
91. Most of the public believe that prisons are run in a(n) ____________________ manner.
92. Any inmate who does not follow the rules could be placed in _______ ________.
93. One way that correctional officers obtain inmate cooperation is by tolerating minor rule infractions in exchange for
_________ with major aspects of the prison policies.
94. In today’s prison system, the ____________________ has the closest contact with prisoners.
95. The work of a _________ ______is boring, offers low pay, and minimal career advancement.
96. Correctional administrators have made special efforts to recruit women and _______.
97. Although corporal punishment and the excessive use of force are not permitted, correctional officers use _______ in
many situations.
98. ________ and those convicted of violent crimes make up an overwhelming portion of the prison population.
99. A number of states have created ______ _______ designed to hold older inmates classified according to need.
100. Most prisoners are ______, young, members of minority groups, with low education levels.
101. Prisoners in the _______ _______ serve longer sentences than do prisoners in other Western nations.
102. The norms and values of prison inmates are known as the ____________________.
103. Prisoners who are ____________________ view their prison term as a brief, inevitable break in their criminal
careers.
104. Inmates who are ____________________ try to take advantage of prison programs.
105. Prisoners that engage in ____________________ often identify little with the values of free society and seek power
and influence within prison society.
106. The process of assigning an inmate to a category specifying his or her needs for security, education, and treatment is
called ____________________.
107. ____________________ programs seek to treat the personal defects that created the inmate’s criminality.
108. ___________________ is the concept of male honor and the sacredness of one’s reputation as a man.
109. A shiv or a _____is a homemade knife made in prison.
110. The ______ model prevailed before World War II.
111. Prison management is organized along ______ lines.
112. _____ is defined as the absence of misconduct that threatens the safety of others.
113. _____ is defined as programs designed to improve the lives of inmates.
114. Correctional officers would use a system of _______ and ________ to gain the cooperation of prisoners.
115. Solitary confinement of a prisoner would be considered a _______ of the prisoner resulting from bad behavior.
116. A(n) _____ _____ occurs when officers tolerate minor rule violations in exchange for compliance with
major aspects of the custodial regime.
Subjective Short Answer
You are a correctional administrator in charge of staffing a new prison that will open within the next year. This prison is
located in a rural midwestern town and is a men’s facility with a medium security classification.
117. Most likely, your staff, statistically, will be of what race?
a. Hispanic
b. African American
c. Caucasian
d. Asian
e. Indian
118. Good management through effective leadership can maintain the quality of prison life as measured by all of the
following levels EXCEPT:
a. order.
b. amenities.
c. services.
d. staffing.
119. As you are formulating the application process, you are having a difficult time determining if you want to require a
college degree for your correctional officers. What would be one benefit of having educated officers?
a. loyalty
b. honesty
c. promotional ability
d. integrity
e. self-esteem
120. As an administrator, you realize that the effectiveness of the institution rests on the shoulders of:
a. medical staff.
b. assistant wardens.
c. wardens.
d. shift managers.
e. correctional officers.
A prison in the south has decided to transition its general population prison to a geriatric prison. All elderly inmates in the
state will be transferred to this establishment in the next three years. The public is not completely in support of this
endeavor and plans to fight it.
121. In order to be considered a geriatric prison, the youngest inmate in the facility would be:
a. 50.
b. 55.
c. 58.
d. 60.
e. 62.
122. Prison administrators must deal with the special needs of some groups, including elderly prisoners. It is likely that
this population of elderly prisoners consists mostly of :
a. prisoners with HIV/AIDS.
b. recidivists.
c. mentally ill prisoners.
d. short-term prisoners.
123. As any population ages, whether in prison or not, the costs from what factor below also increases with age?
a. food
b. housing
c. medical care
d. clothing
e. friendships
Jayson Myers is an inmate at a state correctional facility. He has been incarcerated for five years and has been known to
be an exemplary inmate since day one. He has been able to get a certificate in HVAC and works on the road crew. His
release date is two years away. He is considered a leader within his cell block.
124. Jayson has taken on what adaptive role within the prison?
a. doing time
b. gleaning
c. jailing
d. disorganized criminal
e. none of these
125. Since Jayson has the reputation of being a leader within the prison, there is a good chance that he probably has been
granted access to:
a. attorneys.
b. judges.
c. privileges, such as a job.
d. clothing.
e. food.
126. Jayson hopes to become a mentor to those that are new to the prison, who are referred to as:
a. apple.
b. fish.
c. punk.
d. wolf.
e. dog.
Essay
127. Prisons sometimes have difficulty recruiting correctional officers. What factors keep people from applying for jobs
as officers in correctional facilities?
128. Your textbook discusses the differences between the subcultures found in men’s and women’s prisons. What are
some of these differences? What factors might help to explain them?
129. How can a good classification system help keep order in prisons? Provide two functions of classification and justify
their importance.
130. Federal funding for inmates to obtain higher education have been cut drastically in the past few years. Critics of these
programs claim that they take money away from noncriminal students who need funding. However, educational programs
may help inmates from committing more crimes and victimizing others after release. How might this problem be
resolved?
131. Compare and contrast the custodial, rehabilitation, and reintegration models. Which model works best for the
modern-day correctional establishment?
132. Being a prison manager requires a special persona. Based upon the requirements of being an effective administrator,
what characteristics does this individual need to uphold? How can they use these skills to manage a group of captives?
133. Should corrections officers work in conjunction with inmates/trustees to maintain control of the prison? What are the
dangers of trusting inmates? What can occur if the relationship between inmate and officer is disrupted?
134. Explain various situations in which correctional officers are to use force inside a prison. When is force legally
accepted? Is it possible for correctional officers to defuse hostility yet uphold rules?
135. Is it a good idea to devote entire prisons for geriatric inmates? What are the pros and cons? Since the population of
elderly inmates will continue to increase, should we make a change in sentencing before they are in prison. What role
does health care have in the decision?
136. What is the best way to effectively work with those who suffer from mental illness? Should they be put away in
mental institutions or should correctional facilities continue serving them?
137. Identify and discuss the three models of incarceration that have predominated since the early 1940s.
138. Describe how contemporary institutions differ from the old-style “big–house” prisons.
139. Describe the organization of prisons and their staffs.
140. Explain how a prison is governed.