96
Respiratory Systems
A. Multiple Choice
Key/
Page
No.
495
gases is known as its ______________.
a. diffusion pressure
b. partial pressure
c. gradient pressure
d. equilibrium pressure
e. total pressure
494,
495
a. partial pressure gradient
b. solubility of the gas in water
c. distance
d. two of these
e. all of these
498
a. increases
b. decreases
c. remains the same
498
___________ component of Fick’s law.
a. A
b. D
c. ∆P
d. ∆X
e. none of these.
499
a. low “D” value.
b. low ∆X.
c. low “A” value.
d. high ∆P.
e. two of these.
97
497,
498
a. The rate of diffusion of gases is about the same for water and air environments.
b. Proteins convert gases between diffusible and nondiffusible forms.
c. Trachea have a high “D” value.
d. Sinking cold water oxygenates the lower regions of oceans.
e. Cilia provide water flow for oxygenation in aquatic Paramecium.
494,
495
a. decrease ∆X from environment to mitochondria.
b. increase “D.”
c. increase ∆P.
d. increase “A.”
548
a. involves factors that regulate the magnitude of ventilation to match physiological
needs.
b. factors that modify respiratory activity to serve other purposes.
c. the neural pattern generator program responsible for the alternating
inspiration/expiration rhythm.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
502
a. fluid and solute balance.
b. acid-base balance.
c. excretion.
d. nutrient and mineral uptake.
e. all of these.
509
a. reduce the size of each alveolus.
b. increase alveolar density.
c. increase the density of capillaries used in gas exchange.
d. reduce the size of each alveolus and increase alveolar density.
e. all of these.
548,
549
a. When the dorsal respiratory group stops firing, expiration occurs.
b. The ventral respiratory group becomes active during periods of increased
ventilation.
c. In mammals it is thought ventilation rhythm is established in the pre–Botzinger
complex.
d. The pneumotaxic center sends impulses to the dorsal respiratory group that help
switch on the inspiratory neurons.
e. None of these.
98
531
a. erthyrocruorin
b. chlorocruorin
c. hemerythrin
d. erthyrocruorin and chlorocruorin
e. all of these are present in phylum Annelida.
506
a. gills.
b. integument.
c. buccal cavity.
d. pharynx.
e. digestive system.
506
a. amphibians.
b. mammals.
c. birds.
d. reptiles.
e. none of these.
507
a. mammals.
b. reptiles.
c. birds.
d. amphibians.
e. fish.
507
a. their high metabolic rate.
b. the high oxygen concentration in air.
c. a large body size.
d. their endothermic metabolism.
e. the drier air environment.
507
a. mammals.
b. reptiles.
c. birds.
d. fish.
e. amphibians.
99
509
a
19.
In contrast to mammals, the lungs of birds are comparatively
a. in the bronchioles.
b. Across the surface of the type II cells.
c. in the alveoli.
d. the pores of Kohn.
e. two of these.
511
a. small and inelastic.
b. large and inelastic.
c. small and more elastic.
d. large and more elastic.
511,
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a. lungs used for gas exchange only.
b. a comparatively higher tracheal volume.
c. air capillaries.
d. air sacs for ventilation.
e. all of these.
517,
518
a. the intrapleural fluid’s cohesiveness.
b. the intraaveolar pressure.
c. the atmospheric pressure.
d. the transmural pressure gradient.
e. the combination of intrapleural fluid cohesiveness and the transmural pressure
gradient.
510
a. ventricle.
b. pleural cavity.
c. bronchiole.
d. alveoli.
e. pericardial cavity.
519
a. directly proportional to the volume of the gas.
b. inversely proportional to the volume of the gas.
c. It doesn’t vary.
d. There is no correlation.
e. None of the above is correct.
18.
100
514
a. one inspiration and one expiration.
b. one inspiration and two expirations.
c. two inspirations and two expirations.
d. two inspirations and one expirations.
e. two inspirations and three expirations.
511
a. external intercostal muscles contract.
b. internal intercostal muscles contract.
c. external intercostal muscles relax.
d. internal intercoastal muscles relax.
e. abdominal muscles contract.
511
a. diaphragm relaxes.
b. external intercostal muscles relax.
c. internal intercostals muscles relax.
d. two of these.
e. all of these.
519
a. higher than the atmospheric pressure.
b. lower than the atmospheric pressure.
c. the same as the atmospheric pressure.
d. higher than internal pressure.
e. none of these.
519
a. falls before inspiration.
b. falls during expiration.
c. falls during inspiration.
d. remains constant.
e. falls before expiration.
532
a. seasonal changes.
b. locomotory activity.
c. anemia.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
101
523
a. tidal volume.
b. expiratory reserve volume.
c. inspiratory reserve volume.
d. residual volume.
e. inspiratory capacity.
523
the
a. inspiratory reserve volume.
b. inspiratory capacity.
c. tidal volume.
d. residual volume.
e. expiratory reserve volume.
526
gas exchange is called the
a. vital capacity.
b. functional residual capacity.
c. anatomic dead space.
d. forced expiratory volume.
e. residual capacity.
523
e
34.
Too little alveolus ventilation in comparison to its perfusion results in
a. residual volume and respiratory rate.
b. anatomic dead space and respiratory rate.
c. tidal volume and inspiration capacity.
d. residual volume and expiration capacity.
e. tidal volume and respiratory rate.
546,
547
a. an increase in carbon dioxide level.
b. an increase in oxygen level.
c. a decrease in carbon dioxide level.
d. a increase in carbon dioxide level and an increase in oxygen level.
e. an increase in carbon dioxide level and a decrease in oxygen level.
546,
547
a. vasoconstriction of the pulmonary arteriole.
b. relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle.
c. vasodilation of the pulmonary arteriole.
d. vasoconstriction of the pulmonary arteriole and vasodilation of the pulmonary
arteriole.
e. vasoconstriction of the pulmonary arteriole and relaxation of bronchiolar smooth
muscle.
102
529,
530
a. low or high environmental pH.
b. pulmonary edema.
c. pulmonary fibrosis.
d. pneumonia.
e. all of these.
531
a. mammals.
b. crustaceans.
c. annelids.
d. mollusks.
e. birds.
530
a. copper.
b. iron.
c. sulphur.
d. validium.
e. phosphorus.
532
a. two
b. three
c. one
d. four
e. five
537
a. acidity effect.
b. Bohr effect.
c. Root effect.
d. CO2 effect.
e. none of these.
B. True or False
502
502
533
103
538
542
546 output from the cerebral ganglia.
549
551 drive.
505
514
C. Matching (correct answers are aligned with each number; e.g., #1 matches with letter a)
D. Essay
Page No.
accumulation in the interstitial space) would have on blood oxygenation.
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