110) The JCM is seen in the integrated model of motivation in that jobs that are designed around
the five JCM dimensions ________.
A) increase motivation because workers enjoy the work and autonomy they provide
B) decrease motivation because the work is too easy to complete and the autonomy lacks
structure
C) increase motivation by applying pressure to employees
D) decrease motivation by giving employees too much autonomy
Acme Corporation (Scenario)
Acme Corporation’s management feels that employees could be more motivated by their jobs.
The jobs were enriched earlier and some improvements were seen in motivation.
111) To increase the motivation through enrichment, Acme decides to increase the
meaningfulness of the work. This might be done by ________.
A) increasing skill variety
B) increasing autonomy of workers
C) giving workers more feedback
D) giving workers less feedback
112) Most jobs at Acme were redesigned to allow the employees to complete a whole and
identifiable piece of work. This fits ________, a core dimension of the job characteristics model.
A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) task significance
D) autonomy
113) Acme managers explained how important their product was to the world economy. Which
core dimension in the job characteristics model is this?
A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) task significance
D) autonomy
114) The Acme managers developed a program that allows the employees to have a large degree
of freedom carrying out their jobs. Which core dimension are they providing?
A) task significance
B) autonomy
C) task identity
D) skill variety
115) Goal-setting theory states that having specific goals improves performance.
116) Goal-setting theory shows that feedback from a superior provides better motivation than
self-generated feedback.
117) The job characteristics model, or JCM, holds that the three core job dimensions–skill
variety, task identity, and task significance–combine to give work true meaning.
118) In the JCM, autonomy and feedback are not core dimensions for a job.
119) Equity theory has three referent categories to which workers compare themselves: persons,
systems, and self.
120) Equity theory holds that employees who feel underpaid will decrease their level of effort
and performance in response to feelings of inequity.
121) Vroom’s expectancy theory sees a link between effort and performance, performance and
reward, and rewards and individual goals as the keys to motivation.
122) Vroom’s expectancy theory would say that a worker with a higher expectation of
performance will apply more effort to a job.
123) According to expectancy theory, managers should give all workers the same rewards.
124) In a short essay, list and discuss the three-needs theory according to David McClelland.
Then identify which of these needs has been studied most extensively and discuss the findings of
this research.
125) In a short essay, discuss the equity theory.
126) In a short essay, describe and discuss the job characteristics model.
127) Expectancy theory and goal-setting theory align well with American workers because
American culture places a strong emphasis on ________.
A) collectivism and achievement
B) achievement and individualism
C) individualism and high power distance
D) low power distance and high uncertainty avoidance
128) In which country is equity meant to closely link pay to performance?
A) Japan
B) United States
C) Greece
D) Mexico
129) One factor that seems to motivate workers across all cultures is seeking ________.
A) high status
B) shorter working hours
C) interesting work
D) easy work
130) Across cultures, the need for achievement seems to correlate with which of the following?
A) need for money
B) acceptance of risk
C) little acceptance of risk
D) need for security
131) In countries with high levels of uncertainty avoidance, which of the following would you
expect?
A) little acceptance of risk and high achievement need
B) high acceptance of risk and high achievement need
C) high acceptance of risk and low achievement need
D) little acceptance of risk and low achievement need
132) In today’s diverse workforce, which factor do managers need to focus on most to maximize
motivation?
A) control
B) well-organized workplace
C) flexibility
D) status and recognition
133) ________ allow companies to accommodate the needs of workers with nonstandard family
situations.
A) Flextime and expanded workweeks
B) Expanded workweeks and job sharing
C) Flexible pay rates
D) Flextime, compressed workweeks, and job sharing
134) What is a potential disadvantage of telecommuting?
A) lack of time for personal or family needs
B) job satisfaction may decrease due to working hours
C) less time spent commuting
D) casual dress
135) Which of the following describes the effect of flexible work arrangements on employees?
A) increased job satisfaction
B) a drastic decrease in job satisfaction
C) a small decrease in job satisfaction
D) a sharp increase in job satisfaction
136) Which of the following is thought to best motivate professionals?
A) high pay
B) status and power within the organization
C) short hours and good working conditions
D) challenging problems and important work
137) Which of the following is NOT recognized as a way to motivate contingent workers?
A) promise of permanent employment in the future
B) opportunity for training
C) opportunity to develop marketable skills
D) opportunity to work alongside permanent employees
138) ________ can improve employee performance by sharing the financial circumstances of the
organization with the employee.
A) Pay-for-performance
B) Open-book management
C) Equity management
D) Contingency management
139) Open-book management encourages employees to ________.
A) think like an owner
B) share their financial situations with management
C) make all top-level decisions for the organization
D) ignore the needs of the organization
140) What is a recognized way for a manager to motivate low-skilled, minimum-wage
employees?
A) music in the workplace
B) employee recognition programs
C) coercing low-performing employees
D) employee peer groups
141) In employee recognition programs, employees accumulate points for things such as
________.
A) recruiting new workers
B) whistle-blowing on corruption
C) increased productivity
D) not complaining about working conditions
142) Which of the following is NOT a common way that employee recognition programs
recognize worker achievements?
A) added worker responsibilities
B) a party
C) a handwritten note of thanks
D) a public announcement of achievement
143) Compensation plans based on employee output or productivity are referred to as ________.
A) pay-for-performance programs
B) prize time programs
C) equity plus methods
D) give-back programs
144) Piece-rate pay plans, wage incentive plans, profit sharing, and lump-sum bonuses are
examples of ________ programs.
A) open-book management
B) employee recognition
C) pay-for-performance
D) rewards
145) During tough economic times, managers find that ________ work(s) best for motivating
employees.
A) de-emphasizing how employees work is tied to performance
B) fostering two-way communication
C) promotions in job status without increased pay
D) promises of future compensation
146) Motivation theories do not work well in U.S. organizations because of the emphasis
Americans place on individualism and achievement.
147) During tough economic conditions, communicating and sharing more information with
employees actually hurts motivation.
148) Research shows that men and women value different levels of flexibility and autonomy in
their jobs.
149) Telecommuting has been found to initially increase job satisfaction, but later satisfaction
decreases and then levels off.
150) Today’s workplaces provide a wide range of scheduling options and benefits that allow
employees more flexibility at work and allow them to better balance or integrate their work and
personal lives.
151) Professionals are best motivated by extra pay and promotion within the organization.
152) Open-book management programs motivate by giving employees a greater sense of
ownership in the company.
153) When it comes to using rewards to motivate employees, money is the only option that has
been found to be effective.
154) In a short essay, explain which theories work best for certain cultures. The discussion
should include Maslow’s need hierarchy, the three-needs theory, and the equity theory.
155) In a short essay, describe how managers might motivate professional workers.
156) In a short essay, describe how managers might motivate contingent workers.