Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?
1)
A)
senses changes in the environment
B)
responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction
C)
analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions
2)
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________.
2)
A)
hyperpolarization
B)
opening of voltage–regulated channels
C)
a change in sodium ion permeability
D)
lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur
A
3)
Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being
generated on the dendritic membrane?
3)
A)
Specific sodium gates will open.
B)
Sodium gates will open first, then close as potassium gates open.
C)
A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium.
D)
Specific potassium gates will open.
C
4)
The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________.
4)
A)
biogenic amine
B)
ion
C)
cholinesterase
D)
neurotransmitter
D
C
5)
Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?
5)
A)
innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract
B)
innervation of glands
C)
innervation of cardiac muscle
D)
innervation of skeletal muscle
6)
Which of the following neurotransmitters inhibits pain and is mimicked by morphine, heroin, and
methadone?
6)
A)
acetylcholine
B)
nitric oxide
C)
serotonin
D)
endorphin
7)
If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the
length of the axon ________.
7)
A)
muscle contraction would occur
B)
the impulse would move to the axon terminal only, and the muscle contraction would occur
C)
the impulse would spread bidirectionally
D)
the impulse would move to the axon terminal only
8)
A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n)
________.
8)
A)
afferent neuron
B)
glial cell
C)
association neuron
D)
efferent neuron
9)
In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ
from the external environment? The interior is ________.
9)
A)
negatively charged and contains less sodium
B)
positively charged and contains more sodium
C)
negatively charged and contains more sodium
D)
positively charged and contains less sodium
10)
What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus?
10)
A)
type of stimulus receptor
B)
origin of the stimulus
C)
frequency of action potentials
D)
size of action potentials
11)
Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes?
11)
A)
Ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels.
B)
Ions always move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
C)
Sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes.
D)
Ions always move passively across membranes.
12)
When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called
a(n) ________.
12)
A)
action potential
B)
excitatory potential
C)
generator potential
D)
postsynaptic potential
13)
Which of the following is not true of graded potentials?
13)
A)
They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point.
B)
They can be called postsynaptic potentials.
C)
They are short–lived.
D)
They can form on receptor endings.
14)
Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating
skeletal muscle?
14)
A)
cholinesterase
B)
acetylcholine
C)
norepinephrine
D)
gamma aminobutyric acid
B
15)
Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?
15)
A)
guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary
permeability
B)
support and brace neurons
C)
control the chemical environment around neurons
D)
anchor neurons to blood vessels
E)
provide the defense for the CNS
E
16)
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?
16)
A)
stimulate the production of acetylcholine
B)
destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings
C)
act as a transmitting agent
D)
amplify or enhance the effect of ACh
B
A
17)
Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons?
17)
A)
They have extreme longevity.
B)
They conduct impulses.
C)
They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate.
D)
They are mitotic.
18)
Which of the following is false or incorrect?
18)
A)
An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the
inhibitory effect but less than threshold.
B)
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the
excitatory, causing hyperpolarization of the membrane.
C)
A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal.
19)
Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________.
19)
A)
ganglia
B)
tracts
C)
nuclei
D)
nerves
20)
A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________.
20)
A)
the membrane potential has been reestablished
B)
all sodium gates are closed
C)
proteins have been resynthesized
D)
the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell
21)
Which of the choices below describes the ANS?
21)
A)
sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and
limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the
CNS
B)
motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle,
and glands
C)
sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract
D)
motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
22)
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________.
22)
A)
Schwann cell
B)
neurolemma
C)
axon
D)
dendrite
23)
What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?
23)
A)
oligodendrocytes
B)
astrocytes
C)
ependymal cells
D)
Schwann cells
24)
Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and
recapturing neurotransmitters are ________.
24)
A)
oligodendrocytes
B)
astrocytes
C)
Schwann cells
D)
microglia
25)
Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential?
25)
A)
opens K+ or Cl– channels
B)
moves membrane potential away from threshold
C)
short distance depolarization
D)
short distance hyperpolarization
26)
The term central nervous system refers to the ________.
26)
A)
spinal cord and spinal nerves
B)
brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
C)
brain and spinal cord
D)
peripheral and spinal nerves
27)
Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________.
27)
A)
erratic transmission of nerve impulses
B)
diphasic impulses
C)
large nerve fibers
D)
the myelin sheath
D
28)
An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________.
28)
A)
cell body
B)
receptor
C)
synapse
D)
effector
C
29)
Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the
generation and conduction of action potentials?
29)
A)
mechanically gated channel
B)
ligand–gated channel
C)
voltage–gated channel
D)
leakage channel
C
30)
Bipolar neurons are commonly ________.
30)
A)
found in ganglia
B)
motor neurons
C)
called neuroglial cells
D)
found in the retina of the eye
D
C
31)
Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N–CAMs) ________.
31)
A)
release nerve growth factor
B)
are crucial for the development of neural connections
C)
are found on “pathfinder” neurons
D)
are crucial in the production of neurotransmitters
32)
Select the correct statement regarding synapses.
32)
A)
Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells.
B)
The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically
coupled.
C)
The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to
another.
D)
Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses.
33)
Which of the following correctly describes a graded potential?
33)
A)
amplitude of various sizes
B)
long distance signaling
C)
voltage stimulus to initiate
D)
voltage regulated repolarization
34)
Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters?
34)
A)
amino acid
B)
ATP and other purines
C)
nucleic acid
D)
biogenic amine
E)
acetycholine
35)
The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the
________.
35)
A)
absolute refractory period
B)
repolarization
C)
depolarization
D)
resting period
36)
Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________.
36)
A)
ependymal cells
B)
oligodendrocytes
C)
microglia
D)
astrocytes
37)
Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open?
37)
A)
calcium
B)
chloride
C)
potassium
D)
sodium
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
38)
Define synaptic delay.
38)
39)
Potentials that are short–lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either
depolarized or hyperpolarized are called ________ potentials.
39)
40)
Neuroglia found in the CNS that bind axons and blood vessels to each other are called
________.
40)
41)
How can a single axon respond to several different kinds of events?
41)
42)
The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the ________.
42)
43)
Why does a hyperpolarization phase generally follow a repolarization phase in an action
potential?
43)
Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
44)
Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc?
44)
Explanation:
45)
What is the role of microglial cells and why are they so important in the CNS?
45)
Figure 11.2
Using Figure 11.2, match the following:
46)
Calcium ions.
46)
47)
When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater
depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this
event is called ________ summation.
47)
Figure 11.2
Using Figure 11.2, match the following:
48)
Synaptic cleft.
48)
Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
49)
In a reflex arc, which neuron has its cell body inside the spinal cord?
49)
50)
What is the difference between a direct acting neurotransmitter and an indirect acting
neurotransmitter?
50)
Figure 11.2
Using Figure 11.2, match the following:
51)
Postsynaptic membrane.
51)