CHAPTER 11
Crimes Against Persons
Chapter 11 Multiple Choice
Choose the best answer for each of the following.
1. Premeditated murder is
a. first degree murder.
b. second degree murder.
c. third degree murder.
d. negligent homicide.
2. The primary theoretical perspective used to explain the fact that victims and offenders who are
intimately known to each other are disproportionately represented in homicide statistics is the
a. general theory of crime.
b. subculture of violence thesis.
c. selective disinhibition.
d. critical criminological perspective
3. Which of the following is an example of a nonprimary homicide?
a. A man who regularly abuses his wife kills her during an abusive event
b. A woman is tired of the loud barking noises made by her next-door neighbor’s dog and
kills the dog. The dog’s owner kills her in retaliation.
c. Two men meet in a bar and get into an argument over the Super Bowl, during which
one man stabs and kills the other
d. None of these are nonprimary homicides
4. Which of the following is a mission-oriented serial killer?
a. An offender who kills for profit
b. An offender who kills victims he believes to be evil
c. An offender who kills during the commission of other crimes
d. An offender who gain sexual pleasure from killing
5. The female serial killers who killed on the orders of Charles Manson were examples of
__________ killers.
a. thrill motivated
b. mission oriented
c. expedience
d. disciple
6. __________ are conditions, usually situational, which increase the likelihood of a violent
outburst but are not necessary to produce that response.
a. Predisposers
b. Precipitants
c. Facilitators
d. Situationalists
7. Which of the following was not one of the main ways in which the old UCR definition of rape
was biased?
a. It did not allow for rapes by male offenders
b. It did not count nonvaginal sexual assault as rape
c. It did not allow for the rape of male victims
d. It did not count rapes that omitted direct physical force
8. The _______ perspective on rape assumes that rape is the result of idiosyncratic mental
disease.
a. feminist
b. evolutionary
c. biological
d. psychopathological
9. Among adults, acquaintance rape usually occurs
a. among married couples.
b. among individuals who are cohabitating but who are not married.
c. in the context of a dating relationship.
d. between individuals who do not know each other.
10. Which of the following is not part of Russell’s typology of men who rape their wives?
a. Husbands who prefer raping their wives to having consensual sex with them
b. Husbands who prefer consensual sex with their wives but are willing to rape them if
their sexual advances are refused
c. Husbands who might like to rape their wives but do not act out these desires
d. Husbands who do not desire nonconsensual sex with their wives
11. Which of the following is not one of the types of behaviors encompassed in child sexual
abuse? a. An adult engages in sexual activity with a minor
b. An adult engages in nonsexual activity with a minor
c. An adult exploits a minor sexually for purposes of profit
d. An adult exploits a minor for purposes of sexual gratification
12. According to Groth’s typology of pedophiles, __________ are adult pedophiles who engaged
in planned sexual acts with children and whose behavior is not necessarily influenced by drugs
or alcohol.
a. regressed offenders
b. fixated offenders
c. deniers
d. narcissistic offenders
13. Which of the following is a personal robbery?
a. A bank robbery
b. A robbery of a gas station
c. A robbery of a convenience store
d. A robbery on the street
14. The most likely felony to result in a homicide is
a. robbery.
b. aggravated assault.
c. grand theft.
d. arson.
15. The majority of robbers are
a. specialists.
b. pedophiles.
c. generalists.
d. regressed
16. Which of the following types of robbery is most likely to be affected by crime prevention
strategies?
a. Muggings
b. Robberies of commercial establishments
c. Personal robberies
d. Robberies on mass transit
17. The transit workers with the greatest risk of robbery are
a. taxi drivers.
b. bus drivers.
c. subway train operators.
d. railway train conductors.
18. The majority of street robbers target
a. elderly victims.
b. taxi drivers.
c. individuals involved in lawbreaking.
d. major drug dealers.
19. __________ refers to how robbers who target drug dealers devote a significant amount of
resources to minimize the likelihood of coming into contact with their victims after the crime.
a. Anonymity
b. Intimidation
c. Hypervigilance
d. Selective disinhibition
20. Which of the following is a characteristic of female robbers?
a. They almost always use guns
b. They frequently target victims who are involved in street life
c. They frequently rob females in a physical confrontational manner
d. They have one clear style of robbery
21. In which way are male and female robbers similar?
a. Economic incentives are the primary motivation for both male and female robbers
b. Both male and female robbers almost always use guns during the commission of a
robbery
c. The use of physical violence is common among both male and female robbers
d. Both male and female robbers are equally likely to target female victims
22. Which of the following is not typical of an aggravated assault offender?
a. Lower socioeconomic status
b. Prior arrest record
c. African American male
d. Evidence of offense specialization
23. __________ assault occurs when a victim of intimate personal violence attempts to leave a
violent relationship.
a. Primary
b. Sibling
c. Separation
d. Stranger
24. The most common workplace violent incident is a(n)
a. robbery.
b. assault.
c. homicide.
d. rape
25. Which type of workplace violence accounts for the majority of workplace homicides?
a. Violent acts by criminals otherwise unconnected to the workplace
b. Violence directed at employees by customers or clients
c. Violence against coworkers, supervisors, or managers by a present or former employee
d. Violence committed by someone who is not connected to the workplace but who has a
personal relationship with an employee
26. Health care workers are at particular risk of which type of workplace violence?
a. Violent acts by criminals otherwise unconnected to the workplace
b. Violence directed at employees by customers or clients
c. Violence against coworkers, supervisors, or managers by a present or former employee
d. Violence committed by someone who is not connected to the workplace but who has a
personal relationship with an employee
27. In 2009, President Obama added crimes motivated by ___________ to the list of federal hate
crimes.
a. a religious bias
b. a bias against people with disabilities
c. racial bias
d. a bias against a person’s sexual orientation
28. Hate crimes are most commonly committed by
a. black males
b. black females
c. white males
d. white females
29. Which of the following statements about stalking is not true?
a. Women are at greater risk of stalking victimization than men
b. Individuals who are separated or divorced have the highest risk of stalking
victimization
c. Male victims of stalking are more likely to report their victimization to the police
d. The majority of stalking victims know their offender in some capacity
30. A stalker who sees the victim as a soul mate is probably a(n) __________ stalker.
a. rejected
b. intimacy seeking
c. predatory
d. resentful vendetta-motivated
Chapter 11 True-False
Choose whether each statement is true or false.
1. If an offender commits a crime during which someone dies, but the offender had no intention
of killing, the offender cannot be convicted of first-degree murder.
a. True
b. False
2. Instrumentality refers to the fact that the type of weapon used in a particular encounter has an
effect on whether the encounter ends in death.
a. True
b. False
3. Selective disinhibition focuses on explaining the role that alcohol plays in homicide.
a. True
b. False
4. Mass murderers are more difficult to apprehend than serial killers.
a. True
b. False
5. Feminist perspectives see the sexual aspect of rape as dominating over the power dynamics.
a. True
b. False
6. Evolutionary perspectives have been criticized for justifying rape as natural.
a. True
b. False
7. Some states still do not consider spousal rape to be a crime.
a. True
b. False
8. It is common for men to be sexually victimized.
a. True
b. False
9. Most child sexual abusers tend to be exhibit extremely similar personal characteristics and life
experiences.
a. True
b. False
10. Being a victim of childhood sexual abuse does not fully explain engaging in child
molestation as an adult.
a. True
b. False
11. Commercial robbers are more likely to engage in some planning of their crimes than are
offenders who commit personal robberies.
a. True
b. False
12. The majority of robbers commit crimes because of financial need for basic necessities.
a. True
b. False
13. Anonymity involves robbers who target drug dealers and who make a significant effort to
ensure they will have no contact with the victim after the crime.
a. True
b. False
14. Male robbers are more likely to target other men than to target women.
a. True
b. False
15. In the U.S., the risk of stranger assault is high.
a. True
b. False
16. The term “intimate–partner violence” refers only to crimes against women by their intimate
male partners.
a. True
b. False
17. The majority of workplace homicides are committed by current or former employees of the
workplace.
a. True
b. False
18. Men are at greater risk of workplace violence than women.
a. True
b. False
19. Most hate crimes are committed by organized hate groups and their members.
a. True
b. False
20. Cyberstalking takes place on the Internet.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 11 Fill in the Blank
Fill in the correct answer for each of the following.
1. __________ homicides are generally motivated by interpersonal hostility.
2. Victim __________ focuses on characteristics of victims that may have led to their
victimization.
3. Serial murder involves killing several victims in at least __________ separate events.
4. The _________ perspective on rape assumes that rape often includes an uncontrollable sexual
impulse.
5. The most common scenario for rape is __________ rape.
6. Congress required that statistics on prison rape be collected as part of the _________.
7. Exploiting a minor for purposes of sexual gratification is an example of __________.
8. Robberies occurring in commercial settings are known as ___________ robberies.
9. Among homicides occurring during the commission of another felony, __________ is the
most likely felony to result in a homicide.
10. Aside from rape, __________ is the most gender differentiated serious crime in the U.S.
11. The term __________ assault has been adopted to avoid the bias inherent in terms such as
woman battering and wife assault.
12. __________ assault involves a violent response by the male partner after the woman has tried
to leave a violent relationship.
13. Most workplace homicides are committed with a(n) _______.
14. The most common motivation for hate crimes is _________ bias.
15. __________ involves the use of electronic communication to harass individuals.
Chapter 11 Matching
1. Match the type of homicide to its description
1. Homicide
a. A crime of passion where the intent to kill
and the killing happen almost simultaneously
2. First degree murder
b. An unlawful killing during the commission
of another crime
3. Second degree murder
c. Negligent homicide
4. Third degree murder
d. The willful killing of one human being by
another
5. Felony murder
e. Murder that is planned and premeditated,
and involves malice aforethought
1. d
2. Match the type of serial killer to its description
1. Comfort serial killer
a. Serial killers that play a type of cat-and-
mouse game with the victim
2. Hedonistic serial killer
b. Serial killers motivated by financial or
material gain
3. Visionary serial killer
c. Serial killers who derive psychological
pleasure from killing
4. Power seeker
d. Serial killers that hear voices and have
visions that are the basis for a compulsion to
murder
3. Match the type of stalker to its description
1. Predatory stalkers
a. Stalkers acting out revenge based on a
perceived wrong or grievance against the
victim
2. Intimacy-seeking stalkers
b. Stalkers who pursue their victims to correct
or avenge some felt rejection
3. Rejected stalkers
c. Stalkers with poor social skills who have a
romantic interest in their victims
4. Incompetent suitors
d. Stalkers who spy on their victims in
preparation for a sexual attack
5. Resentful vendetta-motivated stalkers
e. Stalkers who see their victims as soul mates
and want to establish a loving relationship
with them
Chapter 11 Essay
Answer the following questions.
1. Explain the difference between primary and nonprimary homicides.
2. According to the research of Robert Nash Parker, what is the relationship between alcohol
consumption and homicide?
3. What is child sexual abuse and what are the main types of abusers?
4. What are some of the reasons that victims of intimate-partner violence might not leave their
abuser, despite escalation of conflict?
5. What are the four primary types of workplace violence?
Chapter 11 Critical Thinking
Answer the following questions.
1. Discuss the impact of stalking on victims. What might advocates and policymakers do to
control stalking, especially in the realm of cyberspace?