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Chapter 10 - Food - Soil - and Pest Management
True / False
1. People who are underfed and underweight and those who are overfed and overweight share similar health problems.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The root cause of food insecurity is poverty.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Overgrazing by cattle can ultimately result in water pollution.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Plantation agriculture is used primarily to reduce soil erosion and restore soil fertility.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Over time, the extensive addition of water through irrigation practices can actually lead to desertification.
a.
True
b.
False
6. A disadvantage to the green revolution is the intensive use of commercial inorganic fertilizers.
Chapter 10 - Food - Soil - and Pest Management
a.
True
b.
False
7. Pesticides expand food supplies, raise profits, work fast, and are safe if properly used.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Malnourished individuals may become more prone to infections and disease.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Farmers use alley cropping with nearly level row patterns around hills to prevent soil erosion.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Per unit area, the application of synthetic pesticides is higher on typical crop fields than it is on the average lawn.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Since 1942, the use of synthetic pesticides has increased 10-fold, yet food supply damage due to pests has increased
during that time.
a.
True
Chapter 10 - Food - Soil - and Pest Management
b.
False
12. Some nations have experienced an increase in certain crop yields after greatly cutting pesticide use.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Health problems faced by those who are overfed are completely different from the health problems faced by those
who are underfed.
a.
True
b.
False
14. There are no technological substitutes for fertile and uncontaminated topsoil.
a.
True
b.
False
15. It takes about seven kilograms of grain to raise every one kilogram of beef.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Research shows that, on average, low-input polycultures produce higher crop yields than high-input monocultures.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Perennial crops remove and store more carbon from the atmosphere and require less energy compared to growing
annual crops in conventional monocultures.
a.
True
b.
False
18. A food desert is an area in the countryside where desertification is a major problem.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Industrialized livestock production generates less greenhouse gases than emitted by all of the world’s cars, trucks,
buses, and planes.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Polyculture lessens the need for fertilizer and water.
a.
True
b.
False
21. World grain production per capita has increased consistently and has kept pace with total world production since the
middle of last century.
a.
True
b.
False
22. Excessive irrigation is only a problem in rainy areas that are prone to flooding.
a.
True
b.
False
23. Modern industrialized food production violates the three scientific principles of sustainability related to energy,
greenhouse gases, and biodiversity.
a.
True
b.
False
Multiple Choice
24. What would likely be found on an organic farm?
a.
synthetic pesticides
b.
synthetic fertilizers
c.
genetically engineered seeds
d.
feed additives
e.
feed that contains no antibiotics
25. What is the root cause of food insecurity?
a.
insufficient food resources
b.
climate change
c.
poverty
d.
political disputes
e.
poor organization
26. Without sufficient quantities of the micronutrient _____, goiters may develop.
a.
protein
b.
carbohydrates
c.
vitamin A
d.
vitamin C
e.
iodine
27. The term chronic malnutrition refers to people who ____.
a.
produce insufficient hormones for metabolic functioning
b.
are vegetarians
c.
eat too much
d.
suffer from lack of protein and other key nutrients
e.
eat too much protein
28. For good health and protection against disease, people need a fairly large amount of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
that are often called ____.
a.
macronutrients
b.
nutrients
c.
micronutrients
d.
vitamins
e.
organics
29. What nutrition problem affects 69% of adults and 33% of children in the United States?
a.
malnutrition
b.
under nutrition
c.
micronutrition
d.
chronic hunger
e.
overnutrition
30. Approximately two out of three people in the world primarily survive on which three foods?
a.
beef, dairy, and cereals
b.
rice, wheat, and corn
c.
fish, sugars, and vegetables
d.
beef, fish, and chicken
e.
meats, cheese, and bread
31. What is the type of agriculture most likely to be found in developing countries?
a.
maximum-tillage agriculture
b.
traditional subsistence agriculture
c.
industrialized agriculture
d.
minimum-tillage agriculture
e.
high-input agriculture
32. What is the type of agriculture most likely to be found in developed countries?
a.
plantation agriculture
b.
traditional agriculture
c.
industrialized agriculture
d.
minimum-tillage agriculture
e.
maximum-tillage agriculture
33. The kind of industrialized agriculture commonly found in tropical less-developed nations is known as ____.
a.
plantation agriculture
b.
cash crops
c.
high-input agriculture
d.
non-traditional subsistence agriculture
e.
polyculture
Chapter 10 - Food - Soil - and Pest Management
34. The majority of soil's organic matter is concentrated in the ____.
a.
O horizon of leaf litter
b.
A horizon of topsoil
c.
O and A horizons
d.
C horizon
e.
B horizon
35. What proportion of food products sold on U.S. supermarket shelves contains some form of genetically engineered
crop?
a.
less than 10%
b.
almost one-half
c.
almost all food
d.
just a few percent
e.
at least 80%
36. An agricultural method known as ____ relies on solar energy and natural fertilizers.
a.
traditional intensive agriculture
b.
polyculture
c.
minimum tillage agriculture
d.
high-input agriculture
e.
plantation agriculture
37. The agricultural practice known as ____ makes use of root systems at different depths to capture nutrients and water
more efficiently.
a.
monoculture
Chapter 10 - Food - Soil - and Pest Management
b.
polyculture
c.
aquaculture
d.
organic farming
e.
crop rotation
38. Monoculture is a method of growing food that is utilized solely in ____.
a.
industrialized agriculture
b.
polyculture
c.
traditional subsistence agriculture
d.
traditional intensive agriculture
e.
both industrialized agriculture and traditional intensive agriculture
39. The third major food-producing system in the world is ____.
a.
feedlots
b.
cash crops
c.
aquaculture
d.
genetic engineering
e.
organic foods
40. Why do our economic systems promote unsustainable forms of industrialized agriculture?
a.
They are so successfully at providing healthy food to our populations
b.
The harmful environmental and health costs of food production are not reflected in market prices.
c.
They are extremely effective in cutting costs.
d.
They are major job providers.
e.
The food production is efficient enough to justify the negative consequences.
41. Most soil erosion is caused by ____.
a.
water
b.
wind
c.
human activities
d.
climate change
e.
weathering
42. What causes soil salinization?
a.
desertification
b.
too little irrigation on crops grown in dry climates
c.
using seawater to water crops
d.
repeated irrigation in dry climates
e.
continual application of fertilizers that contain salt compounds
43. What process can lead to desertification?
a.
conservation tillage
b.
severe and prolonged drought
c.
crop rotation
d.
polyculture farming
e.
terraced crop arrangements
44. How can irrigation lead to salinization of soils?
a.
Water associated with irrigation flows through the soil.
b.
Water associated with irrigation contains small amounts of dissolved salts and evaporation leaves behind
increasing concentrations of these salts.
c.
Wells for water are drilled too near to the ocean coastlines.
d.
Irrigation water is treated with dissolved salts that then lead to oversaturation.
e.
Irrigation is primarily accomplished through the use of abundant seawater, which contains high concentrations
of salts.
45. Why is it less sustainable to eat grain-fed beef compared to other meats?
a.
Cows need to be raised in feed
lots.
b.
Cows have more fat per unit body weight.
c.
Red meat causes heart disease.
d.
Cows produce more methane.
e.
Approximately 2 to 3.5 times more grain is needed per equal amount of body weight.
46. Animal feed lots can lead to ____.
a.
less available land for feeding overall
b.
increase genetic resistance to microbes in humans
c.
a reduction in soil erosion
d.
a reduction in overgrazing
e.
greater biodiversity
47. It estimated that excessive irrigation will cause 30% of the world’s arable land to become ____.
a.
desert
b.
salty
c.
devoid of soil
d.
oversaturated with water
e.
severely eroded beyond use
48. Proponents of pesticides claim that they provide some advantages, primarily by ____.
a.
maintaining the health of farm workers
b.
reducing pollution
c.
killing the natural enemies of pests
d.
promoting genetic resistance
e.
saving human lives
49. The world’s 30,000 known species of spiders ____.
a.
kill more livestock with poisonous bites than any other threat
b.
have to be controlled in order for integrated pest management to work properly
c.
are a threat not only to livestock, but also to rural farmers because they nest in sheds where equipment is
stored and later retrieved
d.
kill far more crop-eating insects every year than humans do by using chemicals
e.
provide important food for birds that control caterpillar populations
50. Since 1945, approximately 1,000 species of insects and rodents have ____ insecticides.
a.
gone extinct because of
b.
been unaffected by
c.
developed resistance to
d.
worked better than
e.
become threatened because of
51. The Environmental Working Group estimates that you could reduce your pesticide intake by up to 90% by eating only
100% organic ____.
a.
beef from non-feed lots
b.
polyculture grains
c.
complex carbohydrates
d.
meats and dairy from non-industrial agriculture
e.
fruits and vegetables from the dirty dozen
52. What agricultural practice is least beneficial in trying to reduce crop-eating insect damage?
a.
rotating crops
b.
genetic engineering of crops
c.
planting monocultures
d.
bringing in natural enemies
