CHAPTER 10: SAFE NEIGHBORHOODS AND COMMUNITIES: FROM TRAFFIC
PROBLEMS TO CRIME
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The Community Policing Consortium is:
a.
an online “chat room” for law enforcement officers involved in community policing.
b.
an evaluation board of retired law enforcement administrators who assess the
-effectiveness of various community policing efforts throughout the nation.
c.
a partnership of five police organizations that provides training in community policing to
agencies throughout the United States.
d.
an internship program that partners police academy cadets with active-duty community
policing officers.
2. To implement the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, then Attorney General
Janet Reno created the:
a.
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS).
b.
Weed and Seed program.
c.
Community Policing Consortium.
d.
Bureau of Proactive Policing.
3. “The simultaneous actions of separate entities which together have greater total effect than the sum of
their individual efforts” is the technical definition of:
a.
infrastructure.
b.
synergism.
c.
target hardening.
d.
paradigm.
4. According to the text, the Weed and Seed program sought to:
a.
provide funding for low income families.
b.
identify, arrest, and prosecute offenders.
c.
weed out low income troublemakers.
d.
seed communities with new housing.
5. The Combat Auto Theft (CAT) program allows the police to stop any car marked with a -special decal:
a.
between 8 P.M. and midnight.
b.
between 1 A.M. and 5 A.M.
c.
between 7 P.M. and 7 A.M. on the weekends.
d.
anytime, any day of the week.
6. All of the following are strategies to limit liability should a witness be harmed except:
a.
promising only those security services that can reasonably be provided.
b.
documenting all offers of assistance and all efforts to protect witnesses.
c.
making sure the city attorney is involved in the process.
d.
taking reports of intimidation seriously and engaging in the defined process for protecting
witnesses.
7. Which of the following is not one of the main devices used for target hardening?
a.
security cameras
b.
improved locks
c.
alarm systems
d.
paint scheme
8. Traffic concerns include:
a.
speeding in residential areas.
b.
red light running.
c.
nonuse of seatbelts.
d.
all of the above
9. According to the text, in 2010, 31 percent of traffic fatalities were caused by:
a.
speeding.
b.
cellular phone usage.
c.
drunk driving.
d.
seat belt usage.
10. Strategies used to encourage seat belt use vary from incentives for safe driving to -mandatory-use
policies and fines for failure to buckle up. _____________, an annual -nationwide, high-visibility seat
belt enforcement program, is an example of the latter.
a.
Belt UP
b.
Buckle UP
c.
Click It or Ticket
d.
none of the above
11. Enforcement responses to reduce speeding include all of the following except:
a.
increasing speed limits.
b.
enforcing speeding laws.
c.
use of photo radar.
d.
using speed display boards.
12. According to the text, as of August 2005, all 50 states require that the BAC of drivers be less than:
a.
1.0
b.
.08
c.
.05
d.
.80
13. According to the text, victims of ATM robberies:
a.
are usually robbed between midnight and 4 A.M.
b.
are usually robbed by two or more offenders.
c.
are usually robbed by an unarmed offender.
d.
that are robbed are usually drive-through ATMs.
14. Some of the unintended consequences of video surveillance are:
a.
displacement.
b.
increased suspicion.
c.
increased reported crime.
d.
all of the above
15. In June 2012 the FBI initiated a three-day law enforcement action that resulted in the -recovery of 79
children. This operation was called:
a.
Operation Missing Child.
b.
Operation Child Safe.
c.
Operation Cross Country.
d.
Operation Bring Them Home.
16. A community may be concerned about street prostitution for a number of reasons, including:
a.
moral concerns.
b.
civil rights concerns.
c.
spillover effect concerns.
d.
all of the above
17. Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to aggression and violence in bars?
a.
drinking of alcohol
b.
high proportion of young female
c.
aggressiveness of bouncers
d.
refusal of service to intoxicated patrons strangers
18. Which of the following is an effective program to deter thefts of or from vehicles?
a.
improving surveillance at lot entrances/exits
b.
warning offenders
c.
conducting lock-your-car campaigns
d.
using “bolt on” security devices
19. The Fourth Amendment protects _______________ when discussing video surveillance.
a.
people not places
b.
places
c.
law enforcement in public
d.
governments
20. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that speeding was a -contributing factor
in what percentage of fatal crashes?
a.
10
b.
15
c.
27
d.
32
21. The Governors Highway Safety Association, in a 2012 report Speeding and Aggressive -Driving,
makes recommendations that include:
a.
aggressive driving enforcement.
b.
targeted enforcement.
c.
promote best practices in automated enforcement strategies.
d.
all of the above
22. According to the text, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety reported in 2009 that
_______________ killed 676 people and injured 113,000.
a.
drunk driving
b.
driving too slow
c.
red-light running
d.
speeding
23. Eck suggests that _______________ blocking changes to make crime more difficult, riskier, less
rewarding or less excusable is one of the oldest forms of crime prevention.
a.
place
b.
opportunity
c.
diffusion
d.
contagion
24. Using advanced technology to fight crime includes using:
a.
red-light cameras.
b.
passive alcohol sensors.
c.
ignition interlocks.
d.
all of the above
25. Many factors contribute to aggression and violence in bars. Which of the following is not a factor to
consider?
a.
type of establishment
b.
opening time
c.
aggressive bouncers
d.
price discounting of drinks
26. One way to address the problem of crimes against businesses is to develop:
a.
stakeholders.
b.
community programs.
c.
police–business partnerships.
d.
specialized police.
27. Which of the following is not one of the recommendations for dealing with the mentally ill?
a.
using less lethal weapons
b.
deploying specialized police officers
c.
deploying specialized nonpolice responders
d.
all of the above
28. Norfolk, Virginia, cut homicides by more than 10 percent and reduced overall crime rates citywide by
26 percent and in some neighborhoods by as much as 40 percent. A good share of the credit goes to
what crime prevention program?
a.
PACE
b.
NEAT
c.
FAST
d.
NCPC
TRUE/FALSE
1. Target hardening is a major component of CPTED.
2. Crime prevention is a cornerstone of community policing.
3. The Community Policing Consortium is funded and administered by the IACP.
4. Community policing and crime prevention are the same program.
5. CPTED has been a strategy for dealing with crime for decades with some proven success.
6. Those who participate in the CAT program waive their rights against search and seizure -protection.
7. Driving under the influence of drugs is not considered a form of impaired driving.
8. Three federal initiatives to assist communities in implementing community policing are the COPS
Office, the Community Policing Consortium and the Weed and Seed program.
9. As stated in the text, achieving statistically significant reductions in crime can be difficult.
10. According to the text, diffusion and contagion are key factors in the risk factor prevention paradigm.
11. For a growing number of cities across the United States, violent crime is accelerating at an alarming
pace.
12. Traffic-related issues continue to top the list of citizens’ complaints against police.
13. Crime prevention is a large part, in fact a cornerstone, of community policing.
14. Among the unintended consequences of video surveillance are displacement, increased suspicion or
fear of crime, and reduction of reported crime.
15. Target hardening refers to making potential objectives of criminals more difficult to obtain.
16. Many police departments furnish citizens with information on how to prevent auto theft. Information
may be provided in the form of pamphlets, newspaper stories, public service announcements on
television, or speeches made to civic organizations.
17. Human trafficking always involves interstate transportation of victims and federal law enforcement
agencies are always involved.
18. The Community Crime Patrol puts two-person, radio-equipped teams of observers into the
neighborhoods near the campus during potential high-crime hours.
SHORT ANSWER
1. The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) is located within the -Department of
________________.
2. ________________ describes a wide range of road design changes that make it more -difficult for a
vehicle to speed.
3. The ________________ seeks to identify, arrest and prosecute offenders while simultaneously
working with citizens to improve quality of life.
4. As the text states, ________________ of prevention benefits occurs when criminals believe that the
opportunity blocking of one type of criminal activity is also aimed at other types of criminal activity.
5. ________________ is changes to make crime more difficult, risky, less regarding or less excusable
and is one of the oldest forms of crime prevention.
6. Focusing only on those living around at-risk places rather than an entire neighborhood is called
________________.
7. ________________ are variables that predict an increased probability of a person later -committing an
offense.
8. ________________ is an organization that provides training materials that emphasize -community
policing from a local perspective, community partnerships, problem solving, strategic planning, and
assessment.
9. ________________ refers to making potential objectives of criminals more difficult to obtain.
10. ________________ occurs when individuals channel their energies toward a common -purpose and
accomplish what they could not accomplish alone.
11. ________________ is one of the most common violent crime on American college -campuses.
ESSAY
1. List and briefly describe the five principles underlying CPTED.
2. List and briefly describe the five traffic enforcement and safety concerns described in this chapter.
Include a plan or strategy for dealing with each concern.
3. Explain how partnerships and problem solving can address the prevention of retail -shoplifting.
4. Partnerships across the country are working on reducing crime and disorder, some focusing on one
specific area, and others taking more comprehensive approaches. Describe three -programs and their
results.
5. Discuss the importance of place and the crime prevention methods used to prevent crime.