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1. Any means to correct an offender’s character, habits, attitudes, or behaviors to overcome his or her propensity
to commit crime is known as:
a.
correctional treatment.
b.
a punishment.
c.
a penalty.
d.
all of these choices.
2. Martinson and colleagues' research about "nothing works" was most linked to which correctional philosophy?
a.
rehabilitation
b.
restitution
c.
deterrence
d.
circle sentencing
3. What deterrents discourage the wider use of institutional programs?
a.
overcrowded institutions
b.
cut back on programming and treatment due to cost
c.
both of these choices
d.
neither of these choices
4. An assessment used to assign inmates to high, medium, and low-risk caseloads is known as a(an):
a.
lifestyle assessment.
b.
risk assessment.
c.
alternative assessment.
d.
needs assessment.
5. An assessment used to record staff assessments of prisoners’ problems, as well as the magnitude of these
problems, is known as a(an):
a.
lifestyle assessment.
b.
risk assessment.
c.
alternative assessment.
d.
needs assessment.
6. A risk assessment is designed to:
a.
predict new offenses or prison conduct behavior.
b.
predict the length of a prison term.
c.
predict age.
d.
all of these choices.
7. A needs assessment is designed to:
a.
predict new offenses or prison conduct.
b.
predict the length of a prison term.
c.
offer financial support to families of inmates who rely on the offenders income.
d.
offer treatment-relevant information such as social adjustment, hygiene, and level of family support.
8. Failure to abide by the conditions set up in treatment programs may result in:
a.
loss of privileges.
b.
reduced good time.
c.
ineligibility for early release programs.
d.
all of these choices.
9. The principle that maintains that programs should consider offenders’ situations as well as characteristics that
may become barriers to success in a correctional program is known as the:
a.
responsivity principle.
b.
character principle.
c.
correctional principle.
d.
none of these choices.
10. The system that provides staff with access to critical inmate information such as assignments, program
completions, and inmate movement is known as:
a.
spyware.
b.
ACPIM.
c.
sentry.
d.
security.
11. What percentage of all prison inmates have experienced symptoms of a mental health problem or have had a
recent history of mental disturbance?
a.
25 percent
b.
50 percent
c.
66 percent
d.
75 percent
12. A type of insight-based therapy is:
a.
psychotherapy.
b.
transactional analysis.
c.
reality therapy.
d.
all of these choices.
13. What are the limitations of insight-based therapies in a prison context?
a.
Inmates do not see themselves as having emotional problems.
b.
Inmates are reluctant to share their inner thoughts with therapists.
c.
Correctional treatment staff has little time to conduct ongoing therapy.
d.
All of these.
14. The purpose of reality therapy is to:
a.
help inmates obtain basic needs.
b.
lead inmates to insight.
c.
both of these choices.
d.
neither of these choices.
15. The treatment goal of psychotherapy is to:
a.
help inmates obtain basic needs.
b.
lead inmates to insight.
c.
punish inmates.
d.
keep inmates occupied.
16. The assumption that desirable behaviors that are rewarded immediately and systematically will increase and
undesirable behaviors that are not rewarded or are punished will diminish or be extinguished is known as:
a.
therapeutic communities.
b.
cognitive therapy.
c.
behavior therapy.
d.
none of these choices.
17. Cognitive-behavior therapy uses:
a.
roleplaying
b.
homework
c.
rehearsal
d.
all of these
18. A technique in which rewards or punishments are used to alter or change a person’s behavior is:
a.
behavior modification.
b.
behavior profiling.
c.
a reward system.
d.
positive modification.
19. According to the research, the cognitive thinking skills program (CTSP) seems to be more effective with:
a.
property offenders under 25.
b.
violent offenders under 25.
c.
property offenders over 25.
d.
violent offenders over 25.
20. Research shows that when drug programs are well integrated and implanted carefully, they can:
a.
reduce relapse.
b.
reduce mental illness.
c.
reduce criminality.
d.
all of these.
21. A community treatment group designed to divert drug users from the criminal justice system is known as:
a.
the drug community.
b.
Alcoholics Anonymous.
c.
Narcotics Anonymous.
d.
the therapeutic community.
22. Programs designed to help inmates manage their anger, especially in interpersonal relations, are called:
a.
discipline control programs.
b.
anger management programs.
c.
character development programs.
d.
none of these choices.
23. An example of a service project would be:
a.
training seeing-eye dogs.
b.
adopting war orphans.
c.
providing child care for prison visits.
d.
all of these choices.
24. Programs from which inmates seek improvement, such as anger management, or that express ethnic or cultural goals
are called:
a.
self-help programs.
b.
situational programs.
c.
expressive programs.
d.
retributive programs.
25. Self-help programs are primarily lead by:
a.
prison chaplains.
b.
psychologists.
c.
inmates.
d.
corrections officers.
26. Inmates who attain sufficient reading and writing skills for functional literacy may increase the possibility
of:
a.
staying incarcerated.
b.
lawful employment after release from prison.
c.
getting out of prison early.
d.
none of these choices.
27. The basic purpose for vocational training is to:
a.
keep inmates busy in prison.
b.
earn money for the state.
c.
prepare inmates for jobs in the community.
d.
make inmates happy.
28. Participation in vocational programs is seen as a means for reducing recidivism based on the premise that
vocational skills teach:
a.
goal setting.
b.
motivation.
c.
commitment.
d.
all of these choices.
29. Vocational programs offered in some prisons include:
a.
GED.
b.
high school diploma.
c.
sheet metal repair.
d.
English as a second language.
30. Types of visitation in prisons include:
a.
closed visits and conjugal visits.
b.
limited-contact visits and conjugal visits.
c.
informal contact visits and freedom of grounds visits.
d.
all of these choices.
31. Constitutionally mandated services provided to inmates include:
a.
medical services.
b.
library.
c.
visitation with family.
d.
all of these choices.
32. The __________________was passed on January 19, 1929, and mandated that prison-made goods and merchandise
transported from one state to another were to be subject to the existing laws of the importing state.
a.
Hawes-Cooper Act
b.
New Deal Act
c.
Ashurst-Sumners Act
d.
Interstate Transportation of Prison Goods Act
33. Common medical conditions in prisons include:
a.
HIV/AIDS.
b.
hepatitis.
c.
tuberculosis.
d.
all of these choices.
34. In 1935, the __________________ Act made the transportation of prison-made goods in interstate commerce a federal
crime.
a.
Ashurst-Sumners
b.
Prison Profitability
c.
Cincinnati Project
d.
Hawes-Cooper
35. A visit lasting 1 or 2 days during which prisoners can enjoy private visitation with their families is called a:
a.
family visit.
b.
vacation.
c.
conjugal visit.
d.
pass.
36. Effective programs:
a.
teach interpersonal skills.
b.
teach academic skills training.
c.
make use of behavioral modification techniques.
d.
all of these choices.
KEYWORDS:
Bloom's: Remember
Ted just entered the reception center of his state’s correctional system. He is about to begin his 10-year
prison sentence for the crime of armed robbery. During his classification, it becomes evident that Ted is
in need of a wide variety of correctional treatment. Officer Smith is the official assessing Ted’s needs.
37. The most important assessment that Officer Smith must complete is the __________ assessment, which is
designed to predict if Ted is likely to commit new offenses or misbehave in prison.
a.
academic
b.
needs
c.
risk
d.
recidivism
38. Next, Officer Smith needs to gather information concerning Ted’s social adjustment, hygiene, and level of
family support. This information is most likely gathered during the __________ assessment.
a.
academic
b.
needs
c.
risk
d.
recidivism
39. After going through Ted’s file and meeting with him, Officer Smith quickly realizes that Ted has symptoms
of a mental health problem. She believes he will need an individual-level treatment program. Which of the
following is not an individual-level treatment program?
a.
anger-management therapy
b.
behavior therapy
c.
cognitive-behavior therapy
d.
insight-based therapy
40. Dr. Walker meets with Ted at the reception center and confirms that Ted is in need of individual-level
treatment. He confirms with Officer Smith that Ted has a mental and emotional disorder. Dr. Walker
recommends an insight-based therapy. Which of the following insight therapies will best help Ted to obtain
basic needs?
a.
behavior therapy
b.
psychotherapy
c.
transactional analysis
d.
reality therapy
41. It is also determined during Ted’s assessment that he will benefit from self-help programs. All of the
following can be considered a self-help program except:
a.
Alcoholics Anonymous
b.
assertiveness training
c.
life skills
d.
service projects
Donald is an “old-timer” in prison. He is serving a 50-year sentence for second-degree murder.
Correctional programs and services were very different when Donald entered prison in 1963. He often
does the inmate orientation at his prison, where he meets with all the incoming inmates and discusses
prison life with them.
42. Donald also runs some of the group programs at the institution. He tells the new group of inmates that
participating in a group program can be beneficial and help them adjust to prison life and also help to
rehabilitate them. He specifically recommends that those inmates addicted to drugs attend a group program.
Which of the following is the group designed to divert drug users from the criminal justice system?
a.
anger management programs
b.
self-help programs
c.
service projects
d.
the therapeutic community
43. Donald informs the incoming prisoners that there are opportunities to improve themselves in prison if they
want to. He tells them how he obtained a bachelor’s degree while in prison in 1968. Today, many inmates in
Donald’s prison desire to get their college degree as well. However, the prison no longer offers this opportunity
for inmates. What is the primary reason that college prison programs have been cut?
a.
Prisoners lack the prerequisite skills to enter college.
b.
Prison systems believe that prisoners do not need the frills of postsecondary
schooling.
c.
College professors do not want to participate in college programs at prisons.
d.
None of these
44. When Donald entered prison, the administrators only allowed inmates to practice Christianity. All other
religions were banned. Today, most religions are recognized, and religious instruction and services are always
provided in federal, state, and private prisons. In fact, most prisons have full-time _______________ chaplains.
a.
Buddhist
b.
Jewish
c.
Muslim
d.
Protestant
45. Donald is speaking with a few inmates about the visitation policies. He explains that there are different
levels of visitation, and based on their behavior, they will be assigned a type of visitation. Which of the
following is Not a standard visitation arrangement?
a.
conjugal visit
b.
closed visit
c.
limited-contact visit
d.
freedom of grounds
46. Donald explains to the inmates that they can have a job in prison. These jobs vary depending on the inmates’
classification and their skills. One inmate asks Donald how much he gets paid. Donald explains that he makes
the most an inmate can make in a state prison. How much does Donald most likely make per hour?
a.
$0.30
b.
$2.80
c.
$1.00
d.
minimum wage
47. Treatment has been a part of the correctional experience since the 17th century.
a.
True
b.
False
48. Inmates express a much greater interest in dealing with their substance abuse and anger management
problems than their mental health problems.
a.
True
b.
False
49. There has been an increase in funding to recreational services in prisons as a result of the recent no-frills
prison policies.
a.
True
b.
False
50. Overcrowded institutions, filled with inmate gangs, violence, and racial conflicts, require that the focus be on security
and institutional survival.
a.
True
b.
False
51. The “no-frills” institutional emphasis found in many states cuts back on programming and treatment, as much as
constitutionally is permitted.
a.
True
b.
False
52. Only nondangerous offenders who volunteer have any hope of benefiting from treatment within prison
walls.
a.
True
b.
False
53. The prison is an extremely unfavorable setting for correctional treatment.
a.
True
b.
False
54. Prison crowding makes it difficult to be able to provide an adequate assessment program concerning the
treatment needs of inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
55. Common types of therapy used in prisons are insight-based therapy, behavior therapy, and cognitive
therapy.
a.
True
b.
False
56. The most widely adopted of the cognitive-behavioral interventions is the cognitive thinking skills program.
a.
True
b.
False
57. Anger is linked to violent criminal behavior in the community, self-harm, and institutional conflict in the
prison environment.
a.
True
b.
False
58. Self-help programs are run by licensed counselors.
a.
True
b.
False
59. Correctional institutions are responsible for providing necessary services to care for the physical,
educational, recreational, and spiritual needs of inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
60. Prisoners have been denied access to higher education and Pell grants..
a.
True
b.
False
61. Research studies have found that educational program participation was related to reduced rates of
recidivism.
a.
True
b.
False
62. The basic purpose of vocational training is to keep offenders busy while incarcerated.
a.
True
b.
False
63. Religious instruction and services are always provided in federal, state, and private prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
64. Conjugal visits usually mean that prisoners enjoy 24 or 48 hours of privacy with their families.
a.
True
b.
False
65. The Ashurst-Sumners Act makes transportation of prison-made goods in interstate commerce a federal crime.
a.
True
b.
False
66. Visiting arrangements tend to fall into the following categories: (a) closed visits, (b) limited-contact visits, (c)
informal-contact visits, (d) freedom of grounds, and (e) conjugal or family visits.
a.
True
b.
False
67. A ____________________ is used to assign inmates to high-, medium-, and low-risk caseloads.
68. A ____________________ is used to record staff assessment of prisoner’s problems, as well as the
magnitude of these problems.
69. The____________________ maintains that programs should consider offenders’ situations as well as
characteristics that may become barriers to success in a correctional program.
70. Treatment that is designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight into problems, with the goal
of relieving symptoms, changes in behavior, and personality growth, is called ____________________.
71. A therapy that uses positive and negative reinforcement to encourage desirable behavior and extinguish
undesirable behavior is called ____________________.
72. ___________________________ is based on the assumption that the foundations for criminal behavior are
dysfunctional patterns of thinking.
73. Some of the more common ____________________ are drug and alcohol treatment programs, therapeutic
communities, and anger management.
74. A program designed to help inmates manage their anger, especially in interpersonal relations, is called
a(an)____________________.
75. Self-help programs are primarily run by ____________________.
76. _______________________ have included fighting forest fires and training service dogs.
77. Research studies have found that educational program participation is related to reduced rates of
________________________.
78. Programs such as electronics, plumbing, computer programming, and sheet metal repair are examples of
____________________.
79. One example of an infectious disease that is commonly found in prisons is ____________________.
80. A visit lasting 1 or 2 days during which prisoners can enjoy private visitation with their families is called a
____________________.
81. The contract system, piece-price system, lease system, and public account system are all examples of
____________________________.
82. Describe the role of treatment in prisons today, the effectiveness of treatment, and the difficulties in
providing treatment.
83. Discuss the different assessments of classifications for treatment.
84. Describe different treatment methods used in prisons.
85. Explain three types of insight therapies and the goals of each.
86. Discuss a variety of self-help programs offered in prisons.
87. What educational possibilities are available to inmates in prison, and how valuable is educational
programming for offenders?
88. What vocational training is often available for inmates in prison, and how is it valuable?
89. Discuss the ways that medical services are provided to inmates in prison.
90. Discuss prison industries.
91. How can correctional treatment be more effective?
