1. Which of the following is NOT a reason kinship systems are important to every society?
a. They establish patterns of cooperation between men and women and a basis for rearing children.
b. Theyextendone’srelationshipstoalargergroupofpeople.
c. They help people adapt to interpersonal and environmental challenges.
d. They provide a way to share certain pieces of property that cannot be divided.
e. They allow outsiders to identify individuals within a cultural and social setting.
2. Anthropologists, as compared to other social scientists, have spent a great deal of time studying kinship because they
have:
a. always focused largely on biological relationships.
b. concentrated mainly on small-scale societies where kinship relations tend to be important.
c. always studied fictional relationships and how societies are organized socially and politically.
d. concentratedonindustrialsocietieswherekinshiprelationstendtobeimportantandaffecttheindividual’s
ability to survive.
e. have found that kinship is the single most significant factor in social organization in every human society.
3. An“aunt”or“uncle”whohasnobiologicalormaritalrelationshipisanexampleof:
a. a cross cousin.
b. fictive kin.
c. an affine.
d. a parallel cousin.
e. a consanguine.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
4. Whoisa“consanguine?”
a. Someone related by blood
b. Someone related by marriage
c. A relationship of fictive kin
d. Acousinthroughthemother’sside
e. Acousinthroughthefather’sside
5. The most important factor contributing to social structure in small-scale societies is:
a. political activity.
b. religious activity.
c. kinship.
d. cultural mythology.
e. gender.
6. In all human societies, kinship is tied to the biological relationships created by human reproduction. However:
a. how different societies sort and categorize kinship relationships is as much a matter of culture as it is of
biology.
b. bilateral descent systems are less influenced by culture than others.
c. unilineal descent systems are seldom influenced by cultural definitions of social relationships.
d. ambilateral descent systems are the least influenced by culture than others.
e. how different societies classify kin is a direct interpretation and representation of biology and biological
relationships.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
7. Whatis“partiblepaternity?”
a. A relationship in which more than one father raises the child
b. A belief that paternity cannot be determined for a child
c. A belief that a child descends biologically only from the father
d. A cultural belief that a child has more than one mother
e. A cultural belief that a child has more than one biological father
8. The Zuni (New Mexico) system of kinship:
a. is based entirely on fictive kin.
b. strictly governs the behavior of members of the same clan.
c. requires people to find marriage partners within their own clan.
d. allows clan members to marry and form extended families.
e. is no different from that of the rest of the United States.
9. EGO refers to the:
a. oldest living relative.
b. oldestlivingrelativeonthefather’sside.
c. person from whose point of view we are tracing the relationship.
d. person who is drawing the kinship chart.
e. Eldest Grandparent of Origin.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
10. Akinshipdiagramofamarriedcouple,theirchildren,andtheirchildren’schildrenincludes:
a. four generations; therefore four rows of kinship figures.
b. three generations; therefore three rows of kinship figures.
c. only affinal relatives.
d. only consanguineal relatives.
e. only vertical lines of kinship.
11. Cross-culturally, most kinship systems:
a. provide few links between successive generations.
b. provide few ties across a single generation.
c. provide links between successive generations and ties across a single generation.
d. only link successive generations and do not tie across generations.
e. provides links and ties to all members of a family regardless of biology.
12. A kinship diagram of a son, father, grandfather, and great grandfather would include:
a. affinal relatives.
b. collateral relatives.
c. two genders.
d. lineal relatives.
e. exogamous relatives.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
13. A kinship diagram of EGO and all of her children and her cousins would include:
a. the lineal relatives which belong to a clan.
b. collateral relatives.
c. a lineage.
d. lineal relatives.
e. vertical relatives.
14. The term descent is used by anthropologists to refer to:
a. therulesacultureusestoestablishaffiliationswithone’sparents.
b. therulesacultureusestoestablishaffiliationswithone’ssiblings.
c. all blood and marriage relationships that help people distinguish between categories of kin.
d. all marriage relationships that help people distinguish between different categories of kin.
e. all blood relationships that help people distinguish between different categories of kin.
15. Unilineal descent systems:
a. are very rarely found today in the world.
b. comprisethemajorityoftheworld’skinshipdesignations.
c. are found only among hunters and gatherers.
d. are found today, but were not utilized in the past.
e. are no longer used today in any society.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
16. All of the following are criteria used to distinguish between different kin categories EXCEPT:
a. generation.
b. gender.
c. side of the family.
d. level of formal education.
e. relative age.
17. Therulesthatacultureusestoestablishaffiliationswithone’sparentsiscalled:
a. exogamy.
b. endogamy.
c. cognatic lineage.
d. lineality.
e. descent.
18. Traditional Chinese families are good examples of:
a. bilateral kinship.
b. matrilineal kinship.
c. double descent.
d. patrilineal kinship.
e. cognatic unilineal descent.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
19. Patrilineal descent groups:
a. are the most common of the unilineal descent groups.
b. are found only in North and South America.
c. tracedescentthroughlinesoffemales;forexample,themother,mother’smother,sister’sdaughter,andso
on.
d. areonesinwhichawoman’schildrenaremembersofherdescentgroup.
e. areonesinwhichawoman’sfemalechildrenaremembersofherdescentgroup,whilehermalechildrenare
always allied with their father.
20. Which statement about the Chinese patrilineal family is FALSE?
a. It is male focused.
b. Womengivetheirtotalallegiancetotheirhusband’sfamily.
c. Children must show deference and obedience to their parents.
d. Inheritance is passed from a man to his son.
e. Ancestor worship is practiced even after the parents have died.
21. Unilineal descent groups:
a. endure over time and clearly define who is a member and who is not.
b. allow members to decide which descent groups they want to belong to; therefore, these groups change
membership and size radically from generation to generation.
c. cannot clearly define who is or is not a member, but still manage to endure over time.
d. allow individuals to first identify themselves as individuals and then as members of the kinship group.
e. do not place emphasis on individual or corporate identity.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
22. Which statement about the Zuni (New Mexico) kinship system is true?
a. They have a bilateral kinship system.
b. Zuni men are divided between serving the economic interests of their wives and the ceremonial needs of
their sisters and mothers.
c. Inheritance is traced through fathers.
d. They practice patrilocal residence.
e. Wives are viewed as strangers or outsiders within the extended family.
23. In matrilineal descent systems:
a. women have greater power and authority than men.
b. men control the inheritance and determine the matriline of their children.
c. property and political office pass from one man to another through women.
d. women and men have similar power and authority.
e. women control property and political office.
24. Inamatrilinealsociety,aboy’sfatherfigureishis:
a. maternal grandfather.
b. mother’ssister’shusband.
c. biological father.
d. father’ssister’shusband.
e. mother’sbrother.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
25. Females constitute approximately what percentage of practicing anthropologists today?
a. 90 percent
b. 15 percent
c. 40 percent
d. 75 percent
e. 60 percent
26. Ancestry is traced, step-by-step, back to a common founder in:
a. clans.
b. matrilineages only.
c. patrilineages only.
d. lineages.
e. phratries.
27. Clans, as unilineal descent groups:
a. are the same organizations as lineages, except that they form parts of chiefdoms and not tribes.
b. claim that they are all related to a common ancestor, but cannot trace that genealogical connection step-by-
step.
c. are smaller in size than lineages.
d. control more property than any other type of descent group.
e. are always part of a moiety.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
28. Unilineal descent groups last over time and have a corporate nature, which means all of the following EXCEPT:
a. theyshapeaperson’sidentityinsomesignificantway.
b. they are subordinate only to religious figures in the society.
c. theyregulatemarriage,andkinonboththebrideandgroom’ssidesmustgiveapproval.
d. they control property such as land and animals.
e. they function as a political unit.
29. In societies with a double descent system, members are:
a. part of both a matrilineage and a patrilineage.
b. free to choose to which group they will belong.
c. abletochoosewhethertobelongtothematrilineageontheirfather’sorontheirmother’ssideofthefamily.
d. abletochoosewhethertobelongtothepatrilineageontheirfather’sorontheirmother’ssideofthefamily.
e. trace their ancestry from a public and private source.
30. Individuals, except for siblings, have a unique kindred in a:
a. patrilineal descent system.
b. bilateral descent system.
c. unilineal descent system.
d. matrilineal descent system.
e. segmentary cognatic system.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
31. In China, the wife’s mother and her children are called her:
a. matriline.
b. matrilineal lineage.
c. uterine family.
d. patrilineage.
e. segmentary lineage.
32. In a patrilineal society:
a. the husband leaves his birth home and temporarily lives with his uncle until he completes bride service.
b. the wife leaves her mother’s home and goes to live with her maternal uncle.
c. daughters leave their birth home at marriage.
d. sons leave their birth home at marriage.
e. both sons and daughters leave their homes and form a new homestead at marriage.
33. Societiesinwhichparentscanchoosetheirchildren’skinshipaffiliationareclassifiedas:
a. bilateral descent.
b. double descent.
c. matrilineal descent.
d. ambilineal descent.
e. patrlineal descent
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
34. In U.S. society, the typical marital residence pattern is:
a. neolocal.
b. patrilocal.
c. avunculocal.
d. matrilocal.
e. ambilocal.
35. The post-marital residence pattern characterized by the couple living with or near the parents of the bride is called:
a. patrilocal.
b. bilocal.
c. matrilocal.
d. neolocal.
e. avunculocal.
36. Neolocal residence means:
a. changing residence from that of the relatives of the husband to those of the wife approximately every two
years.
b. living near the relatives of the husband.
c. living near the relatives of the wife.
d. livinginaplaceofone’sown.
e. livingnearthebride’smother’sbrother.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent
37. Which of the following is a true statement?
a. TheIroquoiskinshipsystemlumpsmotherandmother’sbrotherintothesamecategory.
b. The Eskimo kinship system is the one that is most commonly used in the U.S.
c. TheEskimokinshipsystemcallsmotherandmother’ssisterbythesameterm.
d. The Iroquois kinship system is associated with bilateral descent.
e. The Iroquois kinship system is most commonly found in food collecting societies.
38. Which of the following is NOT a recognized kinship system?
a. Crow
b. Omaha
c. Sudanese
d. Iroquois
e. Navajo
39. Yourfather’ssister’schildrenandyourmother’sbrother’schildrenareyour:
a. parallel cousins.
b. patrilineal kin.
c. cross cousins.
d. matrilineal kin.
e. vertical kin.
Chapter10—KinshipandDescent