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Multiple Choice
1. The psychological and practical relationships between humans and their social, as well as physical, environment is
termed
a.
community ecology.
b.
community.
c.
population density.
d.
convention.
2. The community has the means to enforce adherence to community values. This is an example of the ________
function of the community.
a.
social control
b.
social participation
c.
mutual support
d.
cooperative
3. High population density has
a.
negative effects on social relationships.
b.
positive effects on social relationships.
c.
both positive and negative effects on social relationships.
d.
none of these; population density is not linked to social relationships.
4. Homogenous neighborhoods include people of _________ backgrounds, whereas heterogeneous neighborhoods include
people of _________ backgrounds.
a.
differing; similar
b.
similar; differing
c.
urban; rural
d.
religious; non-religious
5. Which of the following is evidence that environmental noise affects children’s development?
a.
In Germany, children who lived near the airport were found to have higher stress levels.
b.
In California, noise from the freeway was linked to poorer test scores.
c.
Both answers are correct.
d.
Neither of the answers is correct; environmental noise does not affect development.
6. A playground that has swings, a slide, a teeter-totter, and a sandbox is termed
a.
traditional.
b.
modern.
c.
adept.
d.
outside.
7. The city of Richfield installed a playground made of old lumber, tires, crates, bricks, and rocks. Which of the following
should we expect?
a.
Children using this playground will be more involved in expressing ideas and fantasies than children using the
two other types of playgrounds.
b.
Preschool children will use this playground the most.
c.
Teenagers will use this playground less than they would other types of playgrounds.
d.
All children will use this playground; usage rates will not vary by developmental age.
8. Children’s economic well-being is directly related to that of their
a.
peers.
b.
families.
c.
teachers.
d.
roles.
9. Neighborhoods affect children’s
a.
exposure to adult interactions.
b.
friendship patterns.
c.
types of play.
d.
all of these.
10. Compared to small towns, urban areas
a.
rely on formal rules and regulations to enforce behavior rather than informal norms.
b.
have norms that are more homogeneous.
c.
are likely to have families with similar goals for socializing their children.
d.
none of these.
11. Gemeinschaft is to Gesellschaft as
a.
informal is to formal.
b.
trust is to mistrust.
c.
non-cooperative is to cooperative.
d.
independent is to dependent.
12. Communal relationships that are cooperative, close, intimate, and informal are characteristic of
a.
Gemeinschaft.
b.
Gesellschaft.
c.
formal support systems.
d.
all mesosystems.
13. In Philadelphia, a higher-than-average percentage of students who attended “schools without walls”
a.
dropped out of high school.
b.
went on to college.
c.
were involved in criminal activity.
d.
came from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
14. The National and Community Service Trust Act, which was passed in 1993, does what?
a.
Makes military service compulsory (required)
b.
Gives grants to schools to develop and implement school involvement projects
c.
Requires all students to complete high school
d.
Provides rules for the establishment of alternative schools in neighborhoods
15. Privately funded community services are examples of which kind of support?
a.
Informal
b.
Formal
c.
Kin
d.
Homogeneous
16. Community services are needed to
a.
help serve an increasing population.
b.
meet needs due to the changing nature of the family.
c.
meet the needs of a population as it moves from urban to rural.
d.
all of these.
17. The implementation of Head Start and the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act are examples of
a.
chronosystem influences.
b.
changes in the macrosystem over time.
c.
programs driven by political ideology.
d.
all of these.
18. Public agencies are financed through
a.
tax revenues.
b.
donations.
c.
membership dues.
d.
conference fees.
19. Agencies that use both public and private sources of money are termed
a.
user-driven.
b.
public.
c.
combination.
d.
community-based.
20. Mary’s agency offers many programs, all aimed at reducing the stress and strains of life while offering solutions to
problems before they occur. Mary’s agency is best described as
a.
preventive.
b.
supportive.
c.
rehabilitative.
d.
combination.
21. According to your text, a parks and recreation program designed to keep children from engaging in delinquent
behavior would be categorized as a
a.
preventive service.
b.
supportive service.
c.
rehabilitative service.
d.
service in the microsystem.
22. Services that maintain the health, education, and welfare of the community are called
a.
supportive.
b.
chronological.
c.
linked-in.
d.
preventive.
23. Central Park in New York City was established in the
a.
17th century (1600s).
b.
18th century (1700s).
c.
19th century (1800s).
d.
20th century (1900s).
24. Which of the following is not a purpose of family preservation services?
a.
To keep families safe
b.
TO avoid unnecessary placement of children in substitute care
c.
To emphasize family deficits
d.
To improve family functioning
25. Which are included under the child welfare umbrella?
a.
Children living in their own homes
b.
Foster children without a home
c.
Institutionalized children
d.
All of these
26. Adoption differs from foster care in that in adoption
a.
the child gains legal rights similar to those of other family members.
b.
living arrangements are not meant to be permanent.
c.
families do not go through a legal process.
d.
all of these.
27. Which of the following is proposed as a reason for the aggressive behavior sometimes found in communities?
a.
Lack of social supports
b.
Distorted personal orientations
c.
A sense that aggression is the only acceptable way to avenge an insult
d.
All of these
28. Which of the following is true?
a.
Many families are poor even though both parents are employed.
b.
If the parents are employed, a family cannot be considered poor.
c.
In a poor family the head of household is likely to be well educated.
d.
Most families that are poor are headed by single men.
29. One in _________ children in the Unites States lives in poverty.
a.
3
b.
6
c.
10
d.
20
30. The federal program that provides families with financial assistance, and was designed to replace Aid to Families with
Dependent Children, is called
a.
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families.
b.
Unemployment Compensation.
c.
National Temporary Loan Program.
d.
Title IX.
31. Unemployment compensation is intended to maintain what percentage of a worker’s income during a temporary
period of involuntary unemployment?
a.
10%
b.
25%
c.
50%
d.
100%
32. Bob lost his job. Based on national trends, what is Bob at risk for beyond living in poverty?
a.
Increased problems within his family of procreation
b.
Alcoholism
c.
Loss of self-worth
d.
All of these
33. Which of the following is the fastest-growing segment of homeless Americans?
a.
Adult males
b.
Adult females
c.
Families with children
d.
The elderly
34. According to your text, nearly all state child protective services stop foster care payments when a child reaches age
____ years.
a.
12
b.
16
c.
18
d.
21
35. Sarah lives with her mother in a homeless shelter. A possible risk for Sarah is
a.
depression.
b.
sleep disorders.
c.
short attention span.
d.
all of these.
36. What percentage of children is not covered by any health insurance program?
a.
3%
b.
5%
c.
12%
d.
50%
37. Low birth weight is linked to which of the following?
a.
Lack of prenatal care
b.
Drug and alcohol abuse
c.
Mother under age 18 years
d.
All of these
38. The Women, Infants, and Children program provides
a.
federal funds for the purchase of vaccines.
b.
nutritious food to low-income and lactating women and children under age 4 who are at nutritional risk.
c.
matching money that states can use to fund medical services for low-income individuals.
d.
money to fund the transition from foster care to adoption.
39. A key factor preventing foster families from adopting their foster children is
a.
loss of federal monetary support if the foster child is adopted.
b.
private insurance companies are reluctant to cover preexisting conditions.
c.
loss of federal support for medical expenses if the foster child is adopted.
d.
all of these.
40. Which of the following is an example of an ongoing children’s advocacy group?
a.
Child Welfare League of American (CWLA)
b.
Boys and Girls Club
c.
YMCA
d.
Child Protective Services
41. The five functions of a community are production, distribution, and consumption; socialization; social control; social
participation; and _________.
42. The community fulfills the need for companionship. This is an example of the _________ function of community.
43. The number of people occupying a certain area of space is called _________.
44. _________ refers to the stability or mobility of people in a neighborhood, their homogeneity, and their heterogeneity.
45. _________ refers to a sense of apathy that develops when people perceive that they have no control over events.
46. Neighborhoods that include people of similar backgrounds are called _________.
47. The playground in Mary’s neighborhood has sculptures on which the children can climb, crawl, and slide. The
playground in Mary’s neighborhood would be considered _________.
48. Currently, the United States has the highest child poverty rate the nation has experienced since ______________.
49. The norms of a small town are more ______________________ than those of a large city.
50. The German term for interpersonal relationships that are communal, cooperative, close, intimate, and informal is
_________.
51. When neighbors watch each other’s children, this is an example of ______ support.
52. Political ideology is part of the ______ in Bronfenbrenner’s model.
53. The Child Welfare League of America is an example of a(n) _________ agency.
54. The Administration for Youth and Family’s Office of Community Services is an example of a(n) _________ agency.
55. Services that enable or restore people’s ability to participate in the community effectively are called _________
services.
56. The set of services whose philosophy is to keep families safe, to avoid unnecessary placement of children in substitute
care, and to improve family functioning is collectively known as _________.
57. In a(n) _________ service agency, one would be likely to find services that are office-based and have strict eligibility
requirements.
58. The program that provides public funds to families for necessities such as shelter, food, and clothing is known as
__________.
59. _________ refers to care for individuals who may be indigent, neglected, abused, deserted, sick, disabled,
maladjusted, or delinquent.
60. The social and legal process by which individuals become permanent members of a family is called _________.
61. A group that provides adoption services in an example of a(n) _____ agency.
62. A mental health agency whose purpose is to enable or restore an individual’s capacity to participate effectively in the
community is called a(n) _________ agency.
63. Along with self-help and productive work, the principle or goal of _________ is usually emphasized in services for
individuals with disabilities.
64. The largest recent increase in families that are poor has occurred in which cultural group?
65. _________ refers to monies paid by the federal government to survivors or dependents of veterans who die or are
disabled in service.
66. _________________________ of former foster youth experience homelessness within 4 years of exiting foster care.
67. The _________ is an example of a national coalition of local groups working on behalf of children to improve
relations between home and school.
Subjective Short Answer
68. List and describe the five functions of a community. Afterward, using New Orleans as an example, describe which of
the functions might be disrupted or renegotiated in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
69. Imagine you are asked to testify before a community planning commission. Write a persuasive argument detailing
why population density has a more negative impact on families than noise, or vice versa.
70. Imagine you are in charge of playground installation for a service organization that has donated money to your
community. Describe the different kinds of playground choices, and for what purposes you might use each.
71. Compare social interactions in a small town with those of larger cities. Include in your answer a description of how
social control is achieved in each.
72. Compare the characteristics of Gemeinschaft to those of Gesellschaft.
73. List and describe the reasons community services are needed.
74. Compare and contrast preventive services and supportive services, and give examples of each.
75. Imagine you are an advisor to the governmental budget office. The government must cut programs to balance the
budget this year. List and describe the federal programs discussed in your text that are designed to alleviate the conditions
of poverty. Afterward, choose one of the two categories and craft an argument describing why such programs should not
be cut this year.
76. Compare and contrast support services derived from a family preservation model with those derived from a traditional
model.
77. Provide an overview of homelessness in America. Include in your essay characteristics of the homeless as well as
government and community response.
