a.
They deactivate histamine.
b.
They reduce episodes of diarrhea.
c.
They destroy intestinal pathogens.
d.
They alter hypothalamic control of body temperature.
e.
They improve blood oxygenation.
65. Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency?
a.
Bleeding gums
b.
Pernicious anemia
c.
Appearance of a cold
d.
Hysteria and depression
e.
Oily skin
66. Which of the following food groups is a rich source of vitamin C?
a.
Milk group
b.
Meat group
c.
Fruit group
d.
Grains group
e.
Oils group
67. Which of the following would be a very good source of vitamin C for the lacto–ovo-vegetarian?
a.
Milk
b.
Eggs
c.
Broccoli
d.
Whole-grain bread
e.
Bananas
68. Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population takes a multivitamin-mineral supplement
regularly?
a.
10
b.
20
c.
30
d.
40
e.
50
69. What nutrient is responsible for causing the most accidental ingestion deaths in children?
a.
Iron
b.
Calcium
c.
Vitamin A
d.
Vitamin D
e.
Magnesium
70. If a dietary supplement poses a significant risk of illness to consumers, what agency must prove harm
before removing the product from the market?
a.
FDA
b.
CDC
c.
USDA
d.
USPHS
e.
DHHS
MATCHING
a.
Pork
k.
Broccoli
b.
Corn
l.
Riboflavin
c.
Dairy
m.
Vitamin B6
d.
Folate
n.
Vitamin B12
e.
Biotin
o.
Tryptophan
f.
Niacin
p.
Iron overload
g.
Choline
q.
Ascorbic acid
h.
Anemia
r.
Intrinsic factor
i.
Collagen
s.
Ultraviolet light
j.
Beriberi
t.
Pantothenic acid
1. Name of thiamin deficiency disease
2. A food unusually rich in thiamin
3. Exposure to this leads to destruction of riboflavin
4. A food source that supplies a substantial amount of people’s riboflavin intake
5. Deficiency of this vitamin leads to cracks and redness at corners of the mouth
6. Used for synthesis of niacin
7. Overconsumption of this food has resulted in pellagra
8. High doses are known to lower LDL cholesterol
9. Deficiency of this vitamin is induced by feeding raw egg whites
10. This vitamin is a component of acetyl CoA
11. Toxicity from this vitamin is known to cause nerve damage and inability to walk
12. Prevention of neural tube defects is related to increased intake of this substance by pregnant women
13. One of the first symptoms of folate deficiency
14. Required to maintain nerve fiber sheath
15. Required for absorption of vitamin B12
16. Made in the body from methionine
17. The antiscorbutic factor
18. Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of this substance
19. Excess intake of vitamin C may aggravate this disorder
20. A concentrated source of vitamin C
1. Compounds that can be converted to vitamins in the body are called ____________________.
2. Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into ____________________.
3. Prolonged thiamin deficiency can result in the disease ____________________.
4. The niacin-deficiency disease, ____________________, produces the symptoms of diarrhea,
dermatitis, dementia, and eventually death
5. In order to protect against ____________________, all women of childbearing age who are capable of
becoming pregnant should consume 0.4 milligram of folate daily.
6. Of all the vitamins, ____________________ appears to be most vulnerable to interactions with drugs,
which can also lead to a secondary deficiency.
7. Older adults with B12 deficiencies may develop ____________________, a condition that damages the
cells of the stomach.
8. A(n) ____________________ is a molecule with one or more unpaired electrons, which makes it
unstable and highly reactive.
9. Vitamin C helps to form the fibrous structural protein of connective tissues known as
____________________.
10. When vitamin C concentrations fall to about a fifth of optimal levels symptoms of
____________________ appear.
ESSAY
1. Provide a brief definition of a vitamin.
2. What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin? How is it determined?
3. Discuss thiamin nutrition including functions, risk factors for deficiency, symptoms of deficiency,
food sources, and stability.
4. Discuss riboflavin nutrition including functions, risk factors for deficiency, symptoms of deficiency,
food sources, and stability.
5. What factors are associated with vitamin B12 inadequacy other than low intake?
6. Discuss through the use of examples the importance of folate in development of the neural tube during
the early weeks of pregnancy.
7. What are the associations between folate intake and development and progression of certain cancers?
8. Discuss the association between marginal vitamin B12 deficiency and cognitive function.
9. Discuss the essentiality of choline, including chief functions and major food sources.
10. Explain the modes of action of vitamin C.
11. In what ways have vitamin C supplements been shown to affect nasal congestion from a cold?
12. Describe the potential hazards of excessive vitamin C intake.
13. List population groups that have a physiological need for vitamin/mineral supplements.
14. What type of testing is done by the U.S. Pharmacopeia to assure the quality and safety of certain
vitamin and mineral supplements?
15. Explain the major provisions of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994.