157. According to the hierarchy of needs concept, people satisfy their needs in order of importance.
a. True
b. False
158. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the most basic needs are physiological needs.
a. True
b. False
159. Physiological needs are satisfied by job security, health insurance, pension plans, and good working conditions.
a. True
b. False
160. Food, shelter, and clothing will probably satisfy a person‘s physiological needs.
a. True
b. False
161. According to Maslow’s theory, safety is the most basic and the most important need.
a. True
b. False
162. Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs includes psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, security needs, and self-
importance needs.
a. True
b. False
163. The need for esteem may be satisfied through personal accomplishments, promotion to more responsible positions,
and honors and awards.
a. True
b. False
164. Maslow believed each level of need must be completely satisfied before an individual can advance to the next level.
a. True
b. False
165. Herzberg recognized only two dimensions: motivation and hygiene.
a. True
b. False
166. In Herzberg’s theory, if satisfiers are missing, the employees will be dissatisfied.
a. True
b. False
167. Frederick W. Taylor originated the theory of satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
a. True
b. False
168. Herzberg thought a state of complete satisfaction was common among employees.
a. True
b. False
169. The concepts underlying Theory Z were first presented in the 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise.
a. True
b. False
170. The Human Side of Enterprise was a management book written by Frederick W. Taylor.
a. True
b. False
171. The logical outcome of the assumptions underlying Theory X is a highly controlled work situation in which
managers make all decisions and workers carry them out.
a. True
b. False
172. The assumptions underlying Theory X generally agree with Frederick W. Taylor’s concepts of scientific
management.
a. True
b. False
173. Theory Y is a set of assumptions that is consistent with scientific management.
a. True
b. False
174. Reinforcement theory is based on the premise that behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated.
a. True
b. False
175. The basic premise of reinforcement is that behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated and behavior that is
punished is less likely to recur.
a. True
b. False
176. When a manager has a choice, positive reinforcement should be used before negative reinforcement.
a. True
b. False
177. The weakness in Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s theory is that, although each one explains how
motivation is caused and sustained, neither specifies what motivates individuals.
a. True
b. False
178. The equity theory of motivation contends that people are motivated first to achieve and then by the desire to be
rewarded in direct proportion to their contributions.
a. True
b. False
179. The equity theory of motivation is based on the premise that people are motivated first by rewards and then by
achievement.
a. True
b. False
180. According to the expectancy theory, rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated, whereas punished behavior is less
likely to be repeated.
a. True
b. False
181. Goal-setting theory suggests that employees are more likely to experience a high degree of motivation when
management assigns a series of specific goals for the employee to achieve.
a. True
b. False
182. Employee participation in decision making is frequently cited as a motivation–boosting technique.
a. True
b. False
183. A work schedule that allows employees to work ten hours a day for four days instead of eight hours a day for five
days is an example of a flextime system.
a. True
b. False
184. One advantage of part-time work is that it usually provides the same benefits that full-time employees receive.
a. True
b. False
185. Part-time work and job sharing provide flexibility but at the expense of reduced benefits compared to full-time
employment.
a. True
b. False
186. Employee empowerment replaces top-down management control, giving employees a voice in what they do and
how and when they do it.
a. True
b. False
187. Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) provide considerable employee incentive and increase employee
involvement.
a. True
b. False
188. A growing number of companies are organizing their workforces into teams.
a. True
b. False
189. Problem-solving teams are created to work together permanently.
a. True
b. False
190. Self-managed teams take over most management functions.
a. True
b. False
191. Virtual teams are unassigned teams of friends within an organization.
a. True
b. False
192. During the storming phase of team development, the team has just been created.
a. True
b. False
193. Performing is the stage where the team begins to focus strongly on the assigned tasks.
a. True
b. False