CHAPTER 10—CELL DIVISION AND MITOSIS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Zebrafish are a good model organism for vertebrate growth and development because
a.
they grow larger than many other fish
b.
they are at the top of the food chain
c.
they can regenerate tissues that become damaged such as fins
d.
they have more offspring than many fish
e.
they undergo a different form of mitosis than most organisms
2. The duplication of the complete set of chromosomes in an organism’s cell, followed by the separation
of the duplicated chromosomes into two new cells is known as ____.
a.
mitosis
b.
cytokinesis
c.
binary fission
d.
meiosis
e.
fertilization
3. A somatic cell divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells during mitosis. Prior to mitosis
occurring, which of the following must occur?
a.
The cell must replicate its DNA.
b.
The cell must first be fertilized.
c.
The nucleus must divide.
d.
Chromatids must be separated.
e.
The nuclear envelope must disintegrate.
4. At the conclusion of mitosis, each daughter cell has ____.
a.
twice the amount of DNA and half the cytoplasm of the parent cell
b.
DNA identical to the parent cell
c.
half the DNA and half the cytoplasm found in the parent cell
d.
twice the cytoplasm and the same amount of DNA as the parent cell
e.
DNA genetically different from the parent cell
5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Saccharomyces cultures?
a.
The cells are haploid.
b.
The cells have a relatively short generation time.
c.
Cells reproduce asexually by budding.
d.
The cells can be induced to reproduce sexually.
e.
All answers are true of Saccharomyces cultures.
6. Saccharomyces is a ____ cell.
a.
prokaryotic
b.
eukaryotic
c.
bacterial
d.
plant
e.
protistan
7. If a diploid cell with 40 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, each of the daughter nuclei would have
______ chromosomes.
a.
10
b.
20
c.
40
d.
60
e.
80
8. A plant cell with three sets of chromosomes has a ploidy that is
a.
haploid.
b.
diploid.
c.
triploid.
d.
tetraploid.
e.
hexaploid.
9. A diploid cell with 40 chromosomes will have ____ chromosomes and _____ chromatids after S
phase.
a.
20, 40
b.
20, 20
c.
40, 40
d.
40, 80
e.
80, 80
TOP: 10.1: THE CYCLE OF CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION: AN OVERVIEW
10. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the mitotic spindle begins to form during
a.
interphase.
b.
prophase.
c.
metaphase.
d.
anaphase.
e.
telophase.
11. At the beginning of interphase in G1, a cell has 36 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be
found in that same cell in G2 of interphase?
a.
36
b.
18
c.
72
d.
64
e.
44
12. Replication of DNA occurs during ____.
a.
S phase
b.
G1 phase
c.
G0 phase
d.
prophase
e.
cytokinesis
13. Early in mitosis chromatin condenses into the compact, rodlike structures known as chromosomes.
Which of the following processes takes place more easily as a result?
a.
disappearance of the nuclear envelope
b.
replication of DNA
c.
orderly distribution of DNA into the two new nuclei
d.
formation of the mitotic spindle
e.
disintegration of nucleoli
14. Chromosomes decondense into chromatin at which point in the cell cycle?
a.
at the beginning of interphase
b.
at the end of interphase
c.
at the beginning of prophase
d.
at the beginning of metaphase
e.
at the end of telophase
15. A cell is committed to undergoing mitosis once it transitions from ____.
a.
G2 to prophase
b.
G1 to G0
c.
G1 to S
d.
S to G2
e.
telophase to cytokinesis
16. DNA is found in its condensed form known as a chromosome in which of the following stages of the
cell cycle?
a.
prophase only
b.
prophase and metaphase
c.
interphase
d.
throughout the cell cycle
e.
throughout mitosis until late telophase
17. Once human nerve cells become mature, they normally exit the cell cycle and remain in ____.
a.
G0
b.
G1
c.
G2
d.
S phase
e.
prophase
18. Which sequence of the cell cycle is correct?
a.
prophase, metaphase, interphase, telophase, anaphase
b.
prometaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase, interphase, metaphase
c.
anaphase, interphase, telophase, prometaphase, prophase, metaphase
d.
interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
e.
interphase, metaphase, prometaphase, prophase, telophase, anaphase
19. Generally, which phase of the cell cycle varies the most in length?
a.
G1
b.
S
c.
G2
d.
M
e.
All phases are the same length among cells
20. Comparison of mitosis and cytokinesis in animal versus plant cells reveals ____.
a.
sister chromatids are identical in animal cells, but they differ from one another in plants
b.
a cleavage furrow is initiated in an animal cell, while a cell plate begins to form in plant
cells during telophase
c.
in animal cells, chromosomes do not become attached to the spindle until anaphase,
whereas chromosomes become attached to the spindle at prophase in plant cells
d.
the nuclear envelope disintegrates in prophase in animal cells, but remains intact in plant
cells
e.
There are no differences between animal and plant cells.
21. Embryonic development begins with a single egg fertilized by a single sperm forming a zygote. The
zygote then undergoes mitosis; how many cells would be present at the conclusion of 4 mitotic
divisions?
a.
2
b.
4
c.
8
d.
16
e.
32
22. During which phases of mitosis are chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids?
a.
prophase only
b.
prophase and metaphase
c.
prophase and anaphase
d.
anaphase and telophase
e.
chromosomes are composed of two sister chromatids during all phases of mitosis
23. Each of two daughter cells that result from the normal mitotic division of the original parent cell
contains ____.
a.
the same number of chromosomes but different genes than the parent cell
b.
the same number of chromosomes and genes identical to those of the parent cell
c.
half the number of chromosomes but different genes than those of the parent cell
d.
half of the number of chromosomes and genes identical to those of the parent cell
e.
twice the number of chromosomes and genes identical to those of the parent cell
24. Which of the following does NOT occur during prophase of mitosis?
a.
the nuclear envelope disappears.
b.
the mitotic spindle forms.
c.
chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
d.
centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
e.
chromosomes decondense into chromatin.
25. Cytokinesis typically begins during which stage of mitosis?
a.
prophase
b.
prometaphase
c.
metaphase
d.
anaphase
e.
telophase
26. Where in the cell would the centromere be found?
a.
position where metaphase chromosomes align
b.
location where the mitotic spindle forms
c.
central region of a chromosome where the spindle microtubules attach
d.
location where chromosomes cluster during telophase
e.
center of the cell where the nucleus is found during prophase
27. A cell containing 84 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would produce two nuclei containing how
many chromosomes each in late telophase?
a.
168
b.
84
c.
42
d.
21
e.
cannot be determined from the information given
28. Which statement best describes the difference between cell division in plant and animal cells?
a.
In animal cells but not plant cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by formation of a cleavage
furrow.
b.
In plant cells but not animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by formation of a cleavage
furrow.
c.
In plant cells, centrosomes have an important role in spindle formation, while in animal
cells centrosomes do not function during cell division.
d.
In animal cells, replication of chromosomes occurs during interphase, while in plant cells
replication occurs when the nuclear envelope disintegrates.
e.
Animal cells divide via the cell cycle whereas plant cells divide by binary fission.
29. Certain cell types in humans, such as skeletal muscle cells, have several nuclei per cell. Based on your
understanding of mitosis, how could this happen?
a.
The cell undergoes repeated cytokinesis but not mitosis.
b.
The cell undergoes repeated mitosis with concomitant cytokinesis.
c.
The cell undergoes repeated mitosis but not cytokinesis.
d.
The cell undergoes anaphase twice before entering telophase.
e.
The cell goes through multiple S phases before entering mitosis.
30. The cells produced by mitotic divisions are considered to be ____.
a.
genetically identical
b.
genetically different
c.
clones
d.
similar but not exactly the same
e.
both genetically identical and clones
Use the figure above, which shows the various stages of mitosis in the blood lily Haemanthus, for the
following question(s).
31. Identify the stage of mitosis in photo A.
a.
interphase
b.
prophase
c.
metaphase
d.
anaphase
e.
telophase
32. Identify the stage of mitosis in photo B.
a.
interphase
b.
prophase
c.
metaphase
d.
anaphase
e.
telophase
33. Identify the stage of mitosis in photo C.
a.
interphase
b.
prophase
c.
metaphase
d.
anaphase
e.
telophase
34. Identify the stage of mitosis in photo D.
a.
interphase
b.
prophase
c.
metaphase
d.
anaphase
e.
telophase
35. Identify the stage of mitosis in photo E.
a.
interphase
b.
prophase
c.
metaphase
d.
anaphase
e.
telophase
36. Organisms that reproduce asexually usually do so through the process of ____.
a.
mitosis
b.
meiosis
c.
gametogenesis
d.
spore formation
e.
fertilization
37. When plants are produced by cloning, which process is most directly involved?
a.
mitotic cell division
b.
binary fission
c.
meiotic cell division
d.
gamete production
e.
budding
38. Which one of the following stages of mitosis is utilized for karyotype analysis?
a.
prophase
b.
prometaphase
c.
metaphase
d.
anaphase
e.
telophase
39. When cells undergoing mitosis are exposed to colchicine, a chemical extracted from the autumn crocus
(Colchicum autumnale), cell division is suppressed. Specifically, at which stage of mitosis will the
chromosomes be arrested?
a.
anaphase
b.
interphase
c.
prophase
d.
telophase
e.
metaphase
40. The mitotic spindle is primarily composed of ____.
a.
actin
b.
intermediate filaments
c.
microtubules
d.
keratin
e.
motor proteins
41. The microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of an animal cell is an identifiable structure known as the
____.
a.
cell plate
b.
centrosome
c.
kinetochore
d.
centromere
e.
chromosome
42. Centriole replication occurs during ____.
a.
G1
b.
S
c.
G2
d.
prophase
e.
telophase
43. The primary function of centrioles in animal cells is ____.
a.
generation of flagella and cilia
b.
spindle formation
c.
to connect the two sister chromatids
d.
to provide a point of attachment for spindle fibers on chromosomes
e.
cell plate formation
44. Duplicated centrioles move to opposite poles of a(n) ____ cell during ____ of the cell cycle.
a.
animal; prophase
b.
plant; prophase
c.
animal; metaphase
d.
plant; metaphase
e.
both animal and plant cells; prophase
45. The microtubules making up the mitotic spindle attach to specialized structures called ____ that are
found in the centromere region of the chromosome.
a.
nucleosome
b.
centrosome
c.
kinetochore
d.
chromatids
e.
centrioles
46. Where do the microtubules of the mitotic spindle originate in both plant and animal cells?
a.
microtubule organizing centers
b.
centromere
c.
chromatid
d.
centriole
e.
centrosome
47. Research conducted by G.J. Gorbsky and colleagues suggests that during anaphase, chromosomes
move as a consequence of ____.
a.
a combined action of actin and microtubules
b.
the disassembly of kinetochore microtubules
c.
the movement of kinetochore microtubules
d.
constriction of the contractile protein actin
e.
sliding over or along kinetochore microtubules
48. Addition of mitosis-promoting factor (MPF) to germinal cells in the skin arrested in G2 would lead to
____.
a.
cessation of cell division
b.
the cells entering prophase
c.
the cells undergoing cytokinesis
d.
cell death
e.
nothing happening
49. CDKs are protein kinases. They function to ____.
a.
add phosphate groups to target proteins
b.
check for the attachment of spindle fibers to chromosomes
c.
remove phosphate groups from cyclins
d.
arrest the cell cycle
e.
allow the cell cycle to work forward or backward
50. If a cell in the root tip of a plant had no functional CDK2 gene product, which of the following would
be true?
a.
The cell would be able to undergo DNA replication.
b.
The cell would be able to enter G2.
c.
The cell would be able to enter G1.
d.
The cell would be able to enter mitosis.
e.
The cell would be able to complete the cell cycle.
51. If a cell’s DNA becomes damaged by radiation or chemicals, it is unlikely to ____.
a.
pass the G2 checkpoint
b.
synthesize cyclin-dependent kinases
c.
enter G1 from mitosis
d.
become arrested in G1
e.
activate DNA repair mechanisms