Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.
1)
A)
gluteus maximus
B)
rectus abdominis
C)
gastrocnemius
D)
quadriceps femoris
2)
Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion?
2)
A)
gastrocnemius and soleus
B)
flexor digitorum longus
C)
popliteus
D)
tibialis posterior
3)
Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?
3)
A)
the type of muscle fibers
B)
muscle shape
C)
muscle location
D)
the type of action they cause
4)
Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during
walking?
4)
A)
transversus abdominis
B)
rectus abdominis
C)
external oblique
D)
internal oblique
5)
Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?
5)
A)
It draws the eyebrows together.
B)
It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.
C)
It closes the eye.
D)
It pulls the lower lip down and back.
6)
Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in
infants?
6)
A)
the vastus intermedius
B)
the vastus lateralis
C)
rectus femoris
D)
the vastus medialis
7)
A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is
this muscle called?
7)
A)
masseter
B)
buccinator
C)
platysma
D)
zygomaticus
8)
Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh?
8)
A)
gluteus maximus
B)
adductor magnus
C)
vastus lateralis
D)
tibialis posterior
9)
Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true?
9)
A)
The movements produced may be of graded intensity.
B)
The bones serve as levers.
C)
Muscles produce movement by pulling on bones.
D)
During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.
10)
Which of the following muscles is not a member of the hamstrings group?
10)
A)
semimembranosus
B)
biceps brachii
C)
semitendinosus
D)
vastus intermedius
11)
Which muscles is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?
11)
A)
internal intercostals and rectus abdominus
B)
rectus abdominis and diaphragm
C)
external intercostals and diaphragm
D)
diaphragm alone
12)
Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis.
12)
A)
serratus anterior
B)
zygomaticus
C)
sternocleidomastoid
D)
platysma
C
13)
What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?
13)
A)
the shape
B)
the length
C)
the total number of muscle cells available for contraction
D)
the number of neurons innervating it
C
14)
Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?
14)
A)
gracilis
B)
biceps femoris
C)
semitendinosus
D)
semimembranosus
A
15)
Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?
15)
A)
brachioradialis
B)
gluteal muscles
C)
hamstring muscles
D)
soleus
C
A
Explanation:
16)
Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors?
16)
A)
a first–class lever
B)
a third–class lever
C)
a second–class lever
D)
a fourth–class lever
17)
Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?
17)
A)
peroneus longus
B)
tibialis anterior
C)
extensor digitorum longus
D)
peroneus tertius
18)
What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?
18)
A)
All names reflect direction of muscle fibers.
B)
All act on the tongue.
C)
All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.
D)
Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.
19)
The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine.
What is its action?
19)
A)
to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and to
assist in abduction
B)
to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi
C)
to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally
D)
to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major
20)
Which of the following muscles inserts by the calcaneal tendon?
20)
A)
the gastrocnemius
B)
the semitendinosus
C)
the sartorius
D)
the tibialis anterior
21)
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?
21)
A)
soleus
B)
vastus medialis
C)
iliopsoas and rectus femoris
D)
biceps femoris
22)
Which muscle group is involved when a “pulled groin” occurs?
22)
A)
hamstrings
B)
quadricepts
C)
thigh adductors
D)
lateral rotators
23)
If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.
23)
A)
load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end
B)
lever system is useless
C)
load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
D)
effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum
24)
What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?
24)
A)
dysfunctional levers
B)
functional levers
C)
speed levers
D)
power levers
25)
What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?
25)
A)
extensor hallucis longus
B)
extensor digitorum longus
C)
fibularis tertius
D)
tibialis anterior
26)
A cute, little curly–haired child is sitting behind you in church. You turn around for a moment and
she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?
26)
A)
stylohyoid
B)
hyoglossus
C)
genioglossus
D)
orbicularis oris
27)
Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting
position?
27)
A)
the gastrocnemius
B)
the sartorius
C)
the quadriceps femoris
D)
all of the hamstrings
28)
Which of the following is not a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process?
28)
A)
internal intercostal
B)
latissimus dorsi
C)
external intercostal
D)
diaphragm
29)
A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________.
29)
A)
synergist
B)
agonist
C)
antagonist
D)
fixator
30)
If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?
30)
A)
first–class lever
B)
third–class lever
C)
fourth–class lever
D)
second–class lever
31)
The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean?
31)
A)
The muscle functions as a synergist.
B)
The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint.
C)
The muscle elevates
D)
The muscle flexes and rotates a region.
32)
Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles?
32)
A)
They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the
oral cavity.
B)
They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing.
C)
They are often called strap muscles.
D)
They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.
33)
What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over
which an agonist acts?
33)
A)
a prime mover
B)
a synergist
C)
an agonist
D)
an antagonist
34)
Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?
34)
A)
the frontal belly of the epicranius
B)
the zygomaticus major
C)
the temporalis
D)
the medial pterygoid
35)
Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle?
35)
A)
supraspinatus
B)
teres minor
C)
subscapularis
D)
levator scapulae
36)
First–class levers ________.
36)
A)
are the type using joints forming the ball of the foot as formed in raising the body on the toes
B)
are typified by tweezers or forceps
C)
in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending
on specific location
D)
have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the
middle
37)
What is the major factor controlling how levers work?
37)
A)
the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum
B)
the direction the load is being moved
C)
the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever
D)
the weight of the load
38)
Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck?
38)
A)
the scalenes
B)
the splenius
C)
the iliocostalis
D)
the spinalis
39)
When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle’s name, what does it tell you
about the muscle?
39)
A)
The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively.
B)
The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
C)
The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other
muscles, respectively.
D)
The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively.
40)
What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?
40)
A)
a synergist
B)
an agonist
C)
a fixator
D)
an antagonist
41)
Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What
muscle is usually strained under these conditions?
41)
A)
the brachioradialis
B)
the anconeus
C)
the triceps brachii
D)
the flexor digitorum profundus
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
42)
________ is a powerful forearm extensor.
42)
43)
The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the
abdominal wall is called a ________.
43)
44)
The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.
44)
Figure 10.1
Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
45)
First–class lever.
45)
Figure 10.3
Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
46)
Teres major muscle.
46)
47)
How can a lever system work at a disadvantage but still be of use to us?
47)
Figure 10.3
Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
48)
Rotates scapula.
48)
Figure 10.2
Using Figure 10.2, match the following:
49)
Pectoralis minor.
49)
50)
The quadriceps femoris is composed of three “vastus” muscles and the ________.
50)
51)
The ________ runs deep to the external oblique.
51)
52)
Muscles that act as synergists seem to have valuable functions, especially in stabilizing
joints. Briefly explain their function.
52)
53)
How does an antagonist differ from a prime mover? How is it the same?
53)
Figure 10.1
Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
54)
Atlanto–occipital joint.
54)
55)
The ________ extends the great toe.
55)
56)
What are the components of a lever system? Describe the role of each component.
56)
57)
The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in
expressing horror.
57)
58)
A wide receiver for a college football team pulled a hamstring muscle. What muscles could
be affected and what would the effect be?
58)
Figure 10.2
Using Figure 10.2, match the following:
59)
Serratus anterior.
59)
60)
A woman mentions to her friend that another person on the beach has “great abs.” What is
she talking about?
60)
Figure 10.3
Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
61)
The latissimus dorsi.
61)