75) The species represented by CO is
A) an atom of cobalt.
B) an atom made up of carbon and oxygen.
C) a molecule of cobalt.
D) a molecule made up of carbon and oxygen.
76) After a yellow solid is dissolved in water, the liquid appears to be uniformly yellow throughout. This
yellow liquid is best classified as a(n)
A) compound.
B) heterogeneous mixture.
C) homogeneous mixture.
D) ideal mixture.
77) A solution is another name for a(n)
A) compound.
B) element.
C) heterogeneous mixture.
D) homogeneous mixture.
78) In the SI system of measurement, the unit of length is the
A) kilogram.
B) meter.
C) liter.
D) yard.
79) In the SI system of measurement the unit of mass is the
A) kilogram.
B) kilometer.
C) liter.
D) yard.
80) How many meters are in 10.0 cm?
A) 0.0100
B) 0.100
C) 1.00
D) 1,000
81) How many kilometers are in 800 m?
A) 0.008
B) 0.08
C) 0.8
D) 800
82) How many micrograms are in 20 mg?
A) 20,000 μg
B) 200,000 μg
C) 2,000,000 μg
D) 2.0 μg
83) A tablet contains 325.0 mg of the active ingredient. This mass may also be expressed as
A) 325.0 μg.
B) 0.0003250 g.
C) 0.3250 g.
D) 32.50 μg.
84) The prefix nano means ________.
A) 103
B) 10-9
C) 106
D) 109
85) The prefix centi means ________.
A) 10-3
B) 10-2
C) 10-1
D) 102
86) The prefix centi means ________.
A) 1/1,000
B) 1/100
C) 1/10
D) 100
87) The prefix deci means ________.
A) 0.001
B) 0.1
C) 0.01
D) 100
88) The prefix nano means ________.
A) a billion
B) one-millionth
C) one-billionth
D) a million
89) The prefix milli means ________.
A) 1/1,000,000
B) 1/1,000
C) 1/10
D) 1,000
90) The prefix milli means ________.
A) 0.000001
B) 0.001
C) 0.1
D) 1000
91) The prefix micro means ________.
A) 10-9
B) 10-6
C) 10-3
D) 103
92) The prefix micro means ________.
A) 0.000001
B) 0.001
C) 100
D) 1000
93) The prefix giga means ________.
A) 1,000
B) 1,000,000,000,000
C) 1,000,000
D) 1,000,000,000
94) The prefix mega means ________.
A) 10-6
B) 10-3
C) 103
D) 106
95) The symbol for the prefix micro is ________.
A) M
B) m
C) mm
D) μ
96) The prefix kilo means ________.
A) 10-9
B) 10-6
C) 10-3
D) 103
97) The symbol for the prefix mega is ________.
A) M
B) m
C) mm
D) μ
98) The SI unit for temperature is the
A) Calorie.
B) Celsius.
C) Fahrenheit.
D) Kelvin.
99) Which of the following is equal to 1 mL?
A) 1 cm3
B) 1000 cm3
C) 1 dm3
D) 0.01 L
100) Most molecules have dimensions in the nanometer (nm) or ________ range.
A) centimeter (cm)
B) millimeter (mm)
C) kilometer (km)
D) picometer (pm)
101) The density of a certain type of steel is 8.1 g/cm3. What is the mass of a 100.0 cm3 chunk of this
steel?
A) 0.08100 g
B) 8.100 g
C) 12.00 g
D) 810.0 g
102) The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3. What is the volume of a 50.00 g gold ingot?
A) 0.5000 cm3
B) 2.593 cm3
C) 50.00 cm3
D) 965.0 cm3
103) What is the density of a liquid that has a volume of 10.0 mL and a mass of 22.00 grams?
A) 0.220 g/mL
B) 0.460 g/mL
C) 2.20 g/mL
D) 4.60 g/mL
104) The density of lead is 11.3 g/cm3. What mass of lead is required to make a 1.00 cm3 fishing sinker?
A) 1.00 g
B) 1.13 g
C) 11.3 g
D) 113 g
105) A train robber in a western movie steals two gold ingots, each of which has a volume of 1000. cm3.
The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3. What is the mass of the two ingots?
A) 38.6 g
B) 19,300 g
C) 38,600 g
D) 104 g
106) A student working in the laboratory needs 200.0 g of a liquid chemical whose density is 0.690 g/cm3.
What volume of this liquid should he measure?
A) 138 cm3
B) 69.0 cm3
C) 200. cm3
D) 290 cm3
107) The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. What approximate mass of mercury is required to fill a 4.0
ounce bottle? An ounce is approximately 30 cm3.
A) 1632 g
B) 540 g
C) 53 g
D) 2 g
108) The freezing point of water on the Celsius temperature scale is
A) -32°C.
B) 0°C.
C) 100°C.
D) 212°C.
109) The boiling point of water on the Celsius temperature scale is
A) 100°C.
B) 212°C.
C) 273°C.
D) 373°C.
110) The freezing point of water on the Kelvin temperature scale is
A) 0 K.
B) 100 K.
C) 273 K.
D) 373 K.
111) The boiling point of water on the Kelvin temperature scale is
A) 0 K.
B) 100 K.
C) 273 K.
D) 373 K.
112) The boiling point of a liquid is 178°C. What is this temperature on the Kelvin scale?
A) 451 K
B) 95 K
C) 178 K
D) –95 K
113) The melting point of a compound is 2400 K. What is this temperature on the Celsius scale?
A) 2673°C
B) 2300°C
C) 2188°C
D) 2127°C
114) The melting point of fluorine, F, is –220°C. What is this temperature on the Kelvin scale?
A) 320 K
B) 120 K
C) 493 K
D) 53 K
115) The energy content of foods is stated on food labels in Calories. The Calorie is equal to
A) 1000 calories.
B) 1000 kilocalories.
C) 1000°C.
D) 1000 joules.
116) Which of the following could NOT be the temperature of a solid?
A) 2°C
B) 2 K
C) -2°C
D) -2 K
117) Which of the following statements about the size of temperature units is NOT true?
A) 1 Celsius degree is equal to 1 kelvin.
B) 1 Celsius degree is bigger than 1 kelvin.
C) 1 kelvin is bigger than 1 Fahrenheit degree.
D) 1 Celsius degree is bigger than 1 Fahrenheit degree.
118) Which of the following is NOT an outcome for companies that use green chemistry?
A) They produce less waste.
B) Their costs are lower.
C) They no longer have to follow federal pollution guidelines.
D) They use less energy.
119) Green chemists reduce the risks associated with the manufacture of a product by doing all of the
following EXCEPT
A) using materials that are less toxic.
B) requiring workers to use protective equipment.
C) using smaller amounts of materials.
D) considering the biodegradability of chemicals used to make the product.
120) One of the hallmarks of science is the ability to think ________.
A) often
B) constantly
C) critically
D) independently
121) The acronym FLaReS is a mnemonic that helps us remember the rules that can be used to test a
claim. Which of the following is NOT one of these rules?
A) falsifiability
B) logic
C) replicability
D) societal acceptance
122) Chemist A claims that a new compound will inhibit the growth of a virulent strain of bacteria. When
Chemist B from a different laboratory tests the compound against the same bacterial strain, the bacteria
grow at their normal rate. Which of the following statements best describes what has happened?
A) The claim is correct, because the test has been replicated.
B) The claim is incorrect, because the test has been replicated.
C) The claim is incorrect, because the test has not been replicated.
D) The claim is correct, because the data is not falsifiable.
1.2 True/False Questions
1) Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
2) Organic foods do not contain chemicals.
3) All clothing contains chemicals.
4) The technology of smelting metals into ores was performed long before the science of metallurgy
evolved.
5) Green chemistry uses materials and methods that are designed to prevent or reduce pollution.
6) A scientific law summarizes data while a scientific theory explains the data.
7) John eats shrimp for the first time and develops chills and a fever that evening. He can therefore
conclude that eating shrimp was the cause of his fever and chills.
8) In order for an experiment to be successful, scientists must be able to control all variables.
9) Science does not prove a theory or hypothesis to be true. It can only prove something false.
10) A psychic claims he can bend a spoon using only the power of his mind. However, he says he can do
so only when the conditions are right and there must be no one with negative energy present. This claim
is falsifiable.
11) It is possible to prove that an hypothesis is absolutely true.
12) The desirability quotient, DQ, is equal to risks/benefits.
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13) New technologies provide current benefits, but often present future risks.
14) Chemistry affects every aspect of our daily lives.
15) Chemistry is important not only as a separate science but also because it is fundamental to other
sciences.
16) A person engages in basic research to discover knowledge for the sake of knowing, while a person
engages in applied research usually directs that research toward a specific goal.
17) The research work of Gertrude Elion is an example of basic research.
18) The knowledge gained from basic research has rarely been applied to improving our lives.
19) Matter is a measure of the amount of mass in an object.
20) Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
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21) An example of a physical change is a gas becoming a liquid.
22) An example of a chemical change is browning of meat.
23) Composition and structure are both terms used to describe the kinds of atoms that are present in a
substance.
24) The substances in a heterogeneous mixture retain their chemical identity, but those in a homogeneous
mixture do not.
25) The SI unit of length is the kilometer.
26) Density is equal to volume divided by mass.
27) Water has a density of 1.00 g/mL. If you put an object that has a density of 0.79 g/mL into water, it
will sink to the bottom.
28) Temperature is a measure of the amount of heat an object contains.
29) Heat will always flow from a warmer object to a cooler object.
1.3 Short Answer Questions
1) The “Aristotelian philosophy” is generally non-productive. What does that mean?
2) Drugs and vaccinations relieve ________ and ________.
3) The negative impact of the overuse of pesticides on plant and animal life is an example a topic in the
book by ________.
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4) Science is testable, explanatory, and ________.
5) A chemist is hired by a major petroleum company to do research into developing a gasoline mixture
that burns more efficiently in automobile engines. This is best described as ________ research.
6) Mass is ________ no “matter” where you are in the universe.
7) The production of hydrogen gas by the electrolysis of water is a(n) ________ process.
8) The purification of water by distillation is a(n) ________ process.
9) The melting of ice is an example of a(n) ________ change.
10) The acronym FLaReS helps to remember four rules: Falsifiability, logic, replicability and ________.
1.4 Essay Questions
1) What is green chemistry? Give an example.
2) The words science and technology are often used incorrectly as synonyms. Distinguish these two
terms. Use an example of each.
3) Use the automobile and automobile travel to explain risk-benefit analysis.
4) Explain the impact of the U.S. chemical industry on trade with other nations.
5) Briefly describe the central role of chemistry in science. Use an example.
6) What is the difference between basic research and applied research? Give an example of each.