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52. Maconochie succeeded far better than could be anticipated with his "mark" system, but the political unpopularity of
what he was doing eventually resulted in his recall to England.
a.
True
b.
False
53. The harsh environments of the early prisons led to mental breakdowns, suicides, and self-mutilations.
a.
True
b.
False
54. Maconochie’s mark system used in Norfolk Island was politically popular in England.
a.
True
b.
False
55. The first large prisons to hold convicted criminals can be traced back to European dungeons of the Middle
Ages.
a.
True
b.
False
56. The Auburn cellblock became a model for prisons in several European countries.
a.
True
b.
False
57. Under the medical model, the prison would become an analogue to the hospital.
a.
True
b.
False
58. The tactics used to achieve correctional goals have shifted from one generation to the next.
a.
True
b.
False
59. The justification for punishment does not express public outrage.
a.
True
b.
False
60. Restorative justice is grounded in the concept that the government should surrender its control over
responses to crime to the victim, the offender, and the community.
a.
True
b.
False
61. The philosophy of general deterrence focuses on the fact that individual offenders should learn firsthand that
crime does not pay when they experience harsh criminal penalties.
a.
True
b.
False
62. Incapacitation is based on being able to predict the future needs of the offender, not on the gravity of the
current offense.
a.
True
b.
False
63. The executive branch has the right to overturn or ban policies that are in conflict with constitutional rights.
a.
True
b.
False
64. The U.S. prison population has increased nearly fivefold since 1980.
a.
True
b.
False
65. Prison crowding leads to increased inmate defiance and makes prisons more dangerous.
a.
True
b.
False
66. Government figures show that an African American male born today has a one in three chance of spending at least a
year in prison at some point in his life.
a.
True
b.
False
67. For African American children, one of every 14 has a parent behind bars on any given day.
a.
True
b.
False
68. Houses of corrections run by local authorities to teach habits of industry to vagrants and idlers are known as
____________________.
69. ____________________ was the first English prison reformer.
70. A ____________________ is a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated from normal
society.
71. The ____________________ was held in Cincinnati in 1870 to present progressive ideas about corrections.
72. The ____________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several European
countries.
73. Some lasting contributions of the ____________________ are indeterminate sentences, the payment of
inmates for work, the supervision of inmates in the community, and a system of behavior modification.
74. ____________________ developed the “scamp” system at the Norfolk Prison colony in Virginia.
75. According to the ____________________ philosophy, punishment is justified only when it conforms to
what the guilty deserve, no more and no less.
76. The ____________________ is the idea that punishing one person for his or her criminal acts will
discourage others from committing similar acts.
77. Identifying high-rate offenders and providing for their long-term incarceration is known as
____________________.
78. The ____________________ aspect of sentencing suggests that people who violate the law are “society’s
victims."
79. The ____________________ goal of sentencing is designed to reintegrate the criminal offender back into
the community.
80. The ____________________ means that convicted offenders must pay back their victims for their loss, the
justice system for costs related to processing their cases, and society for the disruptions caused because of their
crimes.
81. ____________________ rely on careful analysis of program outcomes using scientifically approved
methods and are designed to discover which programs work with which offenders.
82. The ____________________ appropriates funds for criminal justice agencies, thereby shaping their
structure and mission.
83. A formal entry in the record of the court indicating that the prosecutor does not intend to proceed any further
in the case is called ____________________.
84. The ____________________ is the region in the United States with the highest rate of imprisonment.
85. ____________________ is a term given to the high rates of incarceration in the United States.
86. One of the major challenges affecting the ability of corrections to function as a system is overload.
a.
True
b.
False
87. The consequences of prison ____________________ are that it leads to increased inmate defiance and
makes prisons more dangerous places to work.
88. Discuss the three Enlightenment philosophers whose philosophical ideals contributed to modern corrections.
89. Explain the theoretical constructs of the Classical School of thought.
90. Discuss the punishments used during the Middle Ages.
91. Discuss some of the first correctional institutions used prior to the penitentiary.
92. Explain the significance of the Pennsylvania Prison Society for the development of corrections.
93. Who was John Howard and how did he contribute to corrections?
94. Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania prison model with the Auburn Silent System.
95. How did the reformatory contribute to the rehabilitation model?
96. Provide the justifications for punishment in modern society. Be complete.
97. What is the difference between specific and general deterrence? Discuss at least two points.
98. List and define the four elements of the correctional system.
99. Discuss at least three major challenges affecting the ability of corrections to function.
100. What has been done to improve professionalism in the corrections system.
