Chapter 01 – A Perspective on Human Genetics
True / False
1. Normal white blood cells (called B cells) and cancerous B cells that cause leukemia both carry a unique surface protein
called CD-19.
a.
True
b.
False
True
2. Genetic modification of immune cells has not been shown to be an effective leukemia treatment.
a.
True
b.
False
False
3. The human genome carries approximately 20,000 genes.
a.
True
b.
False
4. In the years after the completion of the human genome project, genome sequencing revealed surprisingly little amount
of variation in the sequence and arrangement of nucleotides in humans.
a.
True
b.
False
False
5. In some societies, the birth of a deformed child is regarded as a sign of impending war or famine.
a.
True
b.
False
True
6. Genes are precisely copied during the process of DNA replication and never undergo any change.
a.
True
b.
False
False
7. The U.S. has stayed ahead of the issues surrounding genetic technology by implementing ground-breaking public
policy and laws.
a.
True
b.
False
False
8. The separation of genes during the formation of the sperm and egg and the reunion of genes at fertilization is explained
by the behavior of chromosomes in a form of cell division called meiosis.
a.
True
b.
False
True
9. Genetic discoveries made in one organism cannot necessarily be applied to other species.
a.
True
b.
False
False
genetics.
10. The Immigration Restriction Act of 1924 was supported by research that demonstrated that Western Europeans were
genetically superior to Eastern Europeans.
a.
True
b.
False
False
Chapter 01 – A Perspective on Human Genetics
Multiple Choice
11. What is the greatest risk factor for cancer?
a.
family history
b.
age
c.
environmental toxins
d.
diet
e.
physical inactivity
b
Bloom’s: Remember
Genetics and Translational Medicine
medicine as it relates to cancer treatment.
12. The immune system ____.
a.
works by attacking anything recognized as foreign
b.
plays no role in fighting cancer
c.
often accelerates development of malignant cancers
d.
works by turning off specific genes in an individual’s DNA
e.
is highly resistant to genetic modification
a
Bloom’s: Understand
Genetics and Translational Medicine
medicine as it relates to cancer treatment.
13. What is an example of basic research?
a.
Developing a new diagnostic test
b.
Synthesizing proteins for treating disease
c.
Manufacturing a vaccine
d.
Developing a new drug to treat diabetes
e.
Learning how plants turn carbon dioxide into sugar
e
Bloom’s: Understand
How Do Scientists Study Genes?
how each approach is used in the study of genetics.
14. Genetics is defined as the scientific study of ____.
a.
diseases
b.
DNA
c.
heredity
1-6 Has Genetics Affected Social Policy and Law?
HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-2 – Assess the social and political ramifications of eugenics policies.
Chapter 01 – A Perspective on Human Genetics
d.
chromosome structure
e.
cell structure
c
Bloom’s: Remember
1-2 Genetics Is the Key to Biology
understanding of all of biology.
15. The DNA components adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are examples of ____.
a.
phosphates
b.
sugars
c.
bases
d.
genes
e.
ribosomes
c
Bloom’s: Understand
1-3 What Are Genes and How Do They Work?
DNA molecule.
16. Gregor Mendel ____.
a.
discovered the structure of DNA
b.
claimed that each individual carries a pair of “factors” for a given trait
c.
demonstrated that traits carried by parents are “blended” in their offspring
d.
cross-bred thirty different species of pea plants over a span of fifty years
e.
reasoned that each parent carries one gene for a specific trait
b
Bloom’s: Understand
1-4 How Are Genes Transmitted from Parents to Offspring?
genetics.
17. What Mendel called “factors,” we now call ____.
a.
nucleotides
b.
DNA
c.
chromosomes
d.
genes
e.
bases
d
Bloom’s: Remember
1-4 How Are Genes Transmitted from Parents to Offspring?
understanding of how specific traits are passed from parent to offspring by genes.
18. Before Mendel, most people would have predicted that a cross of a red rose with a yellow rose would produce ____.
Chapter 01 – A Perspective on Human Genetics
a.
all red roses
b.
all yellow roses
c.
all orange roses
d.
about half yellow roses and half red roses
e.
about three-fourths red roses and one-fourth yellow roses
Bloom’s: Understand
1-4 How Are Genes Transmitted from Parents to Offspring?
understanding of how specific traits are passed from parent to offspring by genes.
19. The main purpose of preparing karyotypes is to ____.
a.
prepare for gene extractions
b.
determine gender
c.
determine which genes are on which chromosomes
d.
separate DNA into its component parts
e.
diagnose or rule out certain genetic disorders
Bloom’s: Understand
1-5 How Do Scientists Study Genes?
20. Eugenics ____.
a.
has been scientifically tested and shown to be a valid theory
b.
is a dubious method for improving the human species through selective breeding
c.
assumes that human traits are much more influenced by environment than by genes
d.
had major social ramifications in Germany but is largely dismissed in the United States
e.
was based on faulty karyotyping and DNA analysis
b
Bloom’s: Understand
1-6 Has Genetics Affected Social Policy and Law?
HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-2 – Assess the social and political ramifications of eugenics policies.
21. Carrie Buck is significant in the history of genetics because she ____.
a.
was a well-known advocate for eugenics
b.
became the first woman geneticist
c.
was sterilized after the U.S. Supreme Court determined she was feebleminded
d.
discovered how to genetically modify corn to be resistant to herbicides
e.
is the author of the first biography of Gregor Mendel
Bloom’s: Remember
1-6 Has Genetics Affected Social Policy and Law?
in the U.S. during the early 20th century.
22. Hereditarianism is the idea that all human traits are ____.
a.
partly influenced by environment
b.
traceable to our earliest ancestors
c.
influenced equally by genes and environment
d.
determined only by genes
e.
immutable from generation to generation
d
Bloom’s: Understand
1-6 Has Genetics Affected Social Policy and Law?
HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-1 – Explain the field of eugenics as proposed by Francis Galton.
23. The decline of the eugenics movement in the U.S. in the early 20th century resulted from ____.
a.
breakthroughs in genetic technology
b.
violent protests by the medical community
c.
the ability to manipulate gene expression
d.
social outrage at the number of deaths caused by botched sterilizations
e.
its misuse for social and political purposes by the Nazis
Bloom’s: Understand
1-6 Has Genetics Affected Social Policy and Law?
in the U.S. during the early 20th century.
24. Induced pluripotent stem cells are ____
a.
produced from normal body cells
b.
not used for human genetic research
c.
a major cause of cancer
d.
grown in the lab to produce clones
e.
isolated from embryos
Bloom’s: Understand
1-7 What Impact Is Genomics Having?
in the treatment of disease, genetic testing, and plant and animal modification.
25. Gene therapy can best be described as the ____.
a.
repair of a defect (mutation) in a gene
b.
insertion of normal genes to act in place of mutant genes
c.
insertion of human genes into other organisms
d.
cloning of genes to produce and purify therapeutically useful proteins
e.
mapping of all human genetic information
b
Bloom’s: Understand
1-5 How Do Scientists Study Genes?
26. The methods of ____ have had the greatest impact on human genetics in recent decades.
a.
cytogenetics
b.
molecular genetics
c.
transmission genetics
d.
translational medicine
e.
genomics
b
Bloom’s: Understand
1-3 What Are Genes and How Do They Work?
27. A human pedigree ____.
a.
is a family tree chart showing birth and death dates
b.
certifies that an individual has a particular genome
c.
certifies good genetic health
d.
represents the inheritance of a trait through several generations of a family
e.
summarizes the health history of an individual and his/her parents
d
Bloom’s: Remember
1-5 How Do Scientists Study Genes
genetics.
28. The development and use of ____ ushered in the era of genomics when geneticists began planning ways to sequence
the 3.2 billion nucleotides in the human genome.
a.
transmission genetics
b.
the electron microscope
c.
recombinant DNA technology
d.
cytogenetics
e.
karyotypes
c
Bloom’s: Understand
1-7 What Impact Is Genomics Having?
in the treatment of disease, genetic testing, and plant and animal modification.
29. The nucleotide sequence encoded in a gene defines the ____ that make up proteins.
a.
phosphate groups
b.
polypeptides
c.
ribosomes
d.
haplotypes
genetics.
Chapter 01 – A Perspective on Human Genetics
e.
amino acids
Bloom’s: Understand
1-3 What Are Genes and How Do They Work?
HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-2 – Describe the role of genes in the production of proteins.
30. Transmission genetics ____.
a.
studies the pattern of inheritance as traits are passed from generation to generation
b.
reconstructs the pattern of inheritance associated with a trait as it passes through several generations
c.
maps genes to study chromosome structure and abnormalities in chromosome numbers and organization
d.
uses recombinant DNA technology to identify, isolate, and produce millions of copies of genes that can be
studied in the laboratory
e.
sequences the complete human genome
Bloom’s: Understand
1-5 How Do Scientists Study Genes?
HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1 – Compare and contrast the different methods scientists use to study
Completion
31. The union of research and medicine that seeks to quickly translate research findings into methods for the diagnosis
and treatment of diseases is called ____________________.
translational medicine
Bloom’s: Remember
1-1 Genetics and Translational Medicine
medicine as it relates to cancer treatment.
32. The simplest type of variation in a genome sequence is a single nucleotide change called a(n)
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
Bloom’s: Understand
1-7 What Impact Is Genomics Having?
HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1 – Describe genome sequencing and illustrate various methods of use
33. A set of genetic markers located close together on a single ____________________ is called a haplotype.
Bloom’s: Understand
1-7 What Impact Is Genomics Having?
34. New technology has made it possible to screen an individual’s entire genome, instead of testing for one genetic
disorder at a time. This technology uses ____________________ that carry DNA from the entire human genome.
35. In the mid-twentieth century, researchers discovered that genes are made of ____________________ and that this
molecule is part of cellular structures known as ____________________.
36. The process in which genes move from one chromosome to another is called ____________________.
37. Each nucleotide in a strand of DNA is composed of a(n) ____________________, a(n) ____________________, and
a(n) ____________________.
38. Chemical subunits called amino acids combine to make ____________________.
39. Transmission genetics studies the pattern of ____________________ as traits are passed from generation to
generation.
40. ____________________ is the branch of genetics that is used to map genes and study chromosome structure and
abnormalities in chromosome number and organization.
41. DNA is a helical molecule consisting of two strands of ____________________ that is the primary carrier of
____________________ information.
42. In 1927, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of states to use ____________________ as a means of preventing
reproduction by those deemed “unfit.”
43. Recombinant DNA technology has been used for over 30 years to produce ____________________ in bacteria for the
treatment of diabetes.
44. Results from the ____________________ and the development of new technologies have revolutionized the detection,
diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
45. Eugenics is the attempt to improve the human species by ____________________.
Chapter 01 – A Perspective on Human Genetics
46. Mendel’s experiments on pea plants showed that genes are passed ____________________ from generation to
generation and that traits are not ____________________.
47. Clones are genetically identical molecules, cells, or organisms, all derived from a(n) ____________________.
48. Population geneticists are interested in the forces that change the ____________________ of genes in a population.
49. A trait is a(n) ____________________ property of an organism.
50. The fundamental unit of heredity is called a(n) ____________________.
Essay
51. Consider this statement: Information about citizens’ genomes should be held in a centralized database by a single
private company or by the government. Do you agree or disagree? Explain your reasoning.
52. Discuss how and why the investigative method of molecular genetics has had the greatest impact on human genetics
over the last several decades.
53. Differentiate between basic and applied research and discuss how the two are linked in terms of genetics.
54. Define eugenics and discuss Francis Galton’s influence in the development of the fundamentally flawed ‘science.’
55. What was the benefit envisioned from the Human Genome Project? Was this project an appropriate use of taxpayers’
money? Why or why not?
56. Discuss some negative implications of recombinant DNA technology.
57. In what sense is genetics the key to all of biology?
58. Define stem cells and briefly discuss stem cell research and its potential for use in treating disease.
59. Describe the experimental design Mendel used while researching pea plant traits and explain the general result that
lead him to form his hypothesis about the transmission of “factors” from parents to offspring?
60. Should we buy and eat food that comes from genetically modified plants and animals? Defend your answer based on
previous knowledge and on what you learned from this chapter.