Chapter 1 Known That Many Trees Lose Their

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question is about designing an

experiment.

• What type of thinking is required? This question is asking to analyze the design of an

experiment.

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about experimental design? How does it relate to the question? The

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

35. It is known that many trees lose their leaves in response to decreasing day length. As a

result, you think that Gingko trees may also lose their leaves in response to decreasing day

length. This statement is an example of:

36. Multiple independent experiments have demonstrated that phytochrome helps trigger

seasonal change responses in the plant such as changing color and loosening of leaves. Plants

have the ability adapt to seasonal changes in their surroundings. This statement is an example

of:

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

37. Plants are raised under artificial lights turned off and on by an electric clock. Some are

given long periods of light, others short periods. This is an example of:

38. Both walnut and Gingko trees lose their leaves in the fall when day length starts

decreasing. Based on these observations one may conclude that many tree species will lose

their leaves in the fall in response to decreasing day length. This statement is an example of:

39. Gingko trees are known to lose their leaves at a certain time each year throughout the

United States. Based on this information, Gingko trees in China must behave the same way.

These statements are an example of:

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

40. Most individuals in academia are basic researchers, funded through research grants from

agencies or foundations. Based on your knowledge of applied research, an industrial company

would most likely employ individuals

41. Wings of birds and butterflies have similar functions, but different evolutionary origins.

They are:

42. An alien from another planet landed on earth. He is fascinated by cars and is determined

to figure out how they work. He decides to disassemble one of them and examine each part

independently. He removes one of the tires and proceeds to learn all he can about the tire. He

then removes one of the headlights and proceeds to learn all he can about the headlight. What

type of approach is this alien taking to learn about the car?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question is about different types

reasoning.

• What type of thinking is required? Apply the definitions of different types of reasoning to

a specific example.

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about different types of reasoning? How does it relate to the

each part works independently.

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer? Without data or a hypothesis and by breaking down the

object being studied a reductionist method is being used.

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

43. While you are riding the ski lift up to the top of the mountain on a very cold day you start

to shiver involuntarily. You know that the shivering is your bodys attempt to help regulate

your body temperature and is an example of what type of mechanism?

44. You have been assigned to address a problem of overpopulation of species X in a nearby

county. One of the members of your team suggests introducing species Y, which is a natural

predator of species X, but not normally found in the area. After some discussion, you go

ahead and introduce species Y. What aspects of the hierarchical organization may be affected

within a period of a several years?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question is about the impact of a

new species on thehierarchical organization of living systems.

• What type of thinking is required?To apply the definition of levels of organization to

determine how they are affected by addition of a new species.

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about hierarchical organization?How does it relate to the

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

45. You have been assigned to analyze some extraterrestrial material recently collected from

Mars. After examining a sample using a microscope you jump up excitedly and shout to your

colleagues that you have confirmed the existence of life on Mars. One of your colleagues

takes a look at your sample and remarks that all he sees is a single-celled “blob” with little

internal structure. Assuming that life on Mars can be classified into similar domains and

kingdoms as Earth, to which domain does your “blob” belong?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks you to determining

the domain of a new organism.

• What type of thinking is required?Apply the criteria of different domains to specific

examples.

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about different domains?How does it relate to the question?

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?All members of the domain Archaea are single celled

and do not have internal structure, so this is the best answer.

• Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

46. Why was the determination of the actual sequence of the human genome considered to be

descriptive science?

47. You look outside and realize that your grass needs to be mowed. You pick up the

container of gasoline and see that you have approximately a third of a gallon left. You

hypothesize that this amount will be enough to mow your entire lawn. Unfortunately, half

way through mowing your lawn you run out of gasoline. You grumble and think to yourself

that the next time you mow the lawn, you hypothesize that you will need to have at least two-

thirds of a gallon of gasoline available. How did the results of your lawn-mowing experience

influence the validity of your new hypothesis for future gasoline needs?

48. Why is it necessary to take an interdisciplinary approach to studying biology?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

49. How does peer review influence the development of scientific theories?

Check All That Apply Questions

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

50. Cell theory is one of the foundations of biology. What are the tenants of the cell theory?

Check all that apply.

51. Darwin’s theory of evolution is supported by many modern pieces of evidence. Check all

that apply.

Multiple Choice Questions

52. Amanda was studying turtles based on DNA analysis. Under the current classification

scheme, which of the following turtle species are thought to be most closely related? (1)

Graptemys ouachitensis, (2) Trachemys scripta, (3) Apalone spinifera, (4) Graptemys kohni.

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question is about the differences

between inductive and deductive reasoning.

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about relatedness based on species names?How does it relate to the

question?There are two parts of a species name and those with the same genus are the most

closely related.

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?Data (DNA sequences) are being analyzed to draw

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

53. Marceau is studying small single-celled organisms that contain phospholipid membranes.

These organisms can be broadly classified into the domain:

LO: 01.03.02 Describe the evidence that supports the theory of evolution.

Section: 01.03

Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

54. The common ancestor that produced the most evolutionary recent derived characters is

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question is about interpreting

phylogenetic trees.

• What type of thinking is required? This question is asking for you to apply the principles

of a phylogenetic tree to infer relatedness.

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about relatedness based on a phylogenetic tree?How does it relate to

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?R and D have the most recent common ancestor and this

ancestor is indicated by branchpoint 6.

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

55. The species that have had proportionally the most time to diverge are:

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question is about interpreting

phylogenetic trees.

• What type of thinking is required? This question is asking for you to apply the principles

of a phylogenetic tree to infer the most distant common ancestor.

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about relatedness based on a phylogenetic tree?How does it relate to

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?Using the logic above the two species with the longest

time to diverge are F and Z with a common ancestor at branch point 12.

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

56. Bacterial cells are placed into a 250mL liquid growth medium in a closed laboratory

flask. According to Malthusian theory, they will reproduce exponentially and then:

57. If two different species of fish fossils were found in two different layers of sedimentary

rock, what might one infer about the specimens?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question is about the formation of

fossils.

• What type of thinking is required? This question is asking you to apply the principles of

fossil formation to interpret data.

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?Fossils found at

Gather Content

•What do you know about relatedness based on location in a rock layer?How does it relate

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

evolved from the other.

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 01 – The Science of Biology

58. A dental student wants to test if fluoride is an effective additive against tooth decay. The

student studies tooth decay in a population of people who live in neighborhoods supplied with

fluoridated water. This student would like to ask whether access to fluoridated water prevents

tooth decay. What would be an effective control group to ask this question?