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True / False
1. The first state police agency was the Texas Rangers.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Sir Charles Rowan founded the Bow Street Runners.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The man who is credited with establishing London’s first large-scale, civil police department in 1829 is Sir Robert Peel.
a.
True
b.
False
4. London’s first large-scale, civil police department consisted of more than 5,000 men.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Early American police were responsible for cleaning streets, caring for the homeless, and operating emergency
ambulance services, in addition to their law enforcement duties.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The concept of the sheriff can be traced back to the Praetorian Guard.
a.
True
b.
False
7. John Edgar Hoover is known as the father of American policing.
a.
True
b.
False
8. The word police comes from the Latin word politia, which means “civil administration.”
a.
True
b.
False
9. In early U.S. colonial society, citizens were responsible for protecting themselves and maintaining an orderly society.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Escobedo v. Illinois was the U.S. Supreme Court case that applied the exclusionary rule to all states in the United
States.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The system of mutual pledge was employed as a strategy for maintaining stability in England and providing a method
for people living in villages to protect one another.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Women have always been considered as capable of performing the same type of patrol duties as men.
a.
True
b.
False
13. In the first half of the first decade of the 2000s, crime reductions continued to occur nationwide as the police adopted
or continued aggressive crime-fighting techniques.
a.
True
b.
False
14. The Knapp Commission was appointed by mayor of New York to investigate corruption in the NYPD as a result of
articles published in the New York Times.
a.
True
b.
False
15. The police represent the__________power of government and not the military power of government.
a.
civil
b.
administrative
c.
political
d.
collective
16. The person known as the father of American policing is:
a.
O. W. Wilson.
b.
Robert Peel.
c.
August Vollmer.
d.
John S. Dempsey.
17. The members of the military appointed by Roman Emperor Augustus to protect the palace and the emperor were
called the:
a.
Royal Guard.
b.
Praetorian Guard.
c.
Roman Guard.
d.
Praefectus Urbi.
18. Who formed the Bow Street Runners?
a.
Henry Fielding
b.
Sir Robert Peel
c.
Patrick Colquhoun
d.
Colonel Charles Rowan
19. Who is generally credited with establishing the first police department in London, England?
a.
Henry Fielding
b.
Sir Robert Peel
c.
Patrick Colquhoun
d.
Sir Charles Rowan
20. The first organized American police department (1838) in the North was created in what city?
a.
Chicago
b.
New York City
c.
Philadelphia
d.
Boston
21. What U.S. Supreme Court decision held that a black slave could not sue in court for his freedom because he was a
piece of property, not a citizen?
a.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
b.
Mapp v. Ohio
c.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
d.
Mabury v. Madison
22. Many historians and scholars indicate that__________in the American South were the precursor to modern highway
patrols.
a.
Praetorian Guard
b.
slave patrols
c.
thief-takers
d.
Vigiles
23. The only law enforcement officers available on the American frontier were the__________and the __________.
a.
county sheriff, town marshal
b.
county marshal, town sheriff
c.
chief of police, county sheriff
d.
military provost, town marshal
24. The Statute of Winchester established the office of ___________, who was responsible for organizing and supervising
the watch.
a.
county sheriff
b.
parish constable
c.
city marshal
d.
police chief
25. ___________ were assistants to the constables and walked the streets removing vagrants.
a.
Beadles
b.
Deputies
c.
Marshals
d.
Roamers
26. A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of the ninth-century
was/were the:
a.
Vigiles.
b.
hue and cry.
c.
shire-reeve.
d.
mutual pledge.
27. What statute made it a crime not to assist the night watch?
a.
Posse Comitatus Act of 1879
b.
Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
c.
Statute of Winchester
d.
Volstead Act
28. The Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 created the:
a.
bobbies.
b.
office of the U.S. marshal.
c.
FBI.
d.
New York City Police Department.
29. The first state police agency was the:
a.
Arizona Rangers.
b.
New Mexico Mounted Patrol.
c.
Texas Rangers.
d.
Nevada Posse.
30. By the 1880s, what private national detective agency had offices in nearly two dozen cities?
a.
Brinks National Security
b.
Pinkerton’s National Detective Agency
c.
Wells Fargo Detection Services
d.
Rocky Mountain Detective Association
31. Which Massachusetts governor fired all the striking police officers during the Boston police strike and later became
president of the United States?
a.
Woodrow Wilson
b.
Calvin Coolidge
c.
Theodore Roosevelt
d.
Ronald Reagan
32. What legislation became law in 1920 and established National Prohibition?
a.
Olmstead Act
b.
Homestead Act
c.
Volstead Act
d.
Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
33. The Latin term__________means “the power of the county.”
a.
terra nullius
b.
in flagrante delicto
c.
corpus delecti
d.
posse comitatus
34. In 1929, President Herbert Hoover created the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. This
commission was known as the:
a.
Wickersham Commission.
b.
Kefauver Commission.
c.
Crime Commission.
d.
Kerner Commission.
35. Who served as chief of police in Berkeley and instituted many practices that started to professionalize the U.S. police,
including incorporating university training as a part of police training?
a.
O. W. Wilson
b.
August Vollmer
c.
Raymond Blaine Fosdick
d.
Edgar Hoover
36. Who is noted for developing modern management and administrative techniques for policing?
a.
James Q. Wilson
b.
Richard Sylvester
c.
O. W. Wilson
d.
Patrick V. Murphy
37. The director of the FBI from 1924 to his death in 1972 was:
a.
Tom Ridge.
b.
J. Edgar Hoover.
c.
Robert Gray.
d.
O. W. Wilson.
38. What did the U.S. Supreme Court focus on during the 1960s?
a.
expanding governmental authority
b.
police rights
c.
individual rights
d.
corporate rights
39. Which U.S. Supreme Court case was responsible for applying the exclusionary rule to all state courts in America?
a.
Mapp v. Ohio
b.
Miranda v. Arizona
c.
Escobedo v. Illinois
d.
Brown v. Mississippi
40. Which U.S. Supreme Court case defined the constitutional right to counsel at police interrogation?
a.
Mapp v. Ohio
b.
Miranda v. Arizona
c.
Escobedo v. Illinois
d.
Brown v. Mississippi
41. Which U.S. Supreme Court case resulted in the police requirement that persons who are in police custody and will be
interrogated must be advised of their constitutional rights?
a.
Mapp v. Ohio
b.
Miranda v. Arizona
c.
Escobedo v. Illinois
d.
Brown v. Mississippi
42. Which New York City police officer’s tales of corruption led to the Knapp Commission?
a.
David Owens
b.
Whitman Knapp
c.
Frank Serpico
d.
Julius LaRosa
43. The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, also known as the ___________, released a report stating,
“Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal.”
a.
Wickersham Commission
b.
Kefauver Commission
c.
Crime Commission
d.
Kerner Commission
44. The most turbulent eras for American policing were the:
a.
1920s and 1930s.
b.
1940s and 1950s.
c.
1960s and 1970s.
d.
1980s and 1990s.
45. William J. Bratton completely reengineered the New York City Police Department to make reducing crime its primary
objective. What vehicle did he use to accomplish this mission?
a.
SWAT
b.
use of helicopters
c.
CompStat
d.
community policing
46. In 1991, what Los Angeles incident inflamed police–community relations?
a.
Charles Manson’s arrest
b.
the L.A. shootout
c.
reinstatement of the death penalty
d.
Rodney King beating
47. What law gives law enforcement new ability to search, seize, detain, or eavesdrop in their pursuit of possible
terrorists?
a.
Posse Comitatus Act
b.
USA Patriot Act
c.
Statute of Winchester
d.
Volstead Act
48. One of the duties of the ________ was performing duties such as lighting street lamps, clearing garbage from the
streets, and putting out fires.
a.
thief-takers
b.
watchmen
c.
shire-reeve
d.
magistrates
49. The Metropolitan Police was organized around the _____________, in which officers were assigned to relatively
small permanent posts and were expected to become familiar with them and the people residing there, thereby making the
officer a part of neighborhood life.
a.
watch and ward
b.
neighborhood
c.
beat system
d.
judicial system
50. __________ established the first large-scale, uniformed, paid, civil police force in London.
51. The __________ were the members of the military appointed by Roman Emperor Augustus to protect the palace and
the emperor.
52. __________ was a form of societal control where citizens grouped together to protect each other.
53. __________ was the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from its inception until his death in 1972.
54. The form of social organization or mutual pledge created by King Alfred the Great in England that consisted of 10
families grouped together to protect one another and assume responsibility for the acts of the group’s members was called
a
55. A rudimentary form of metropolitan policing called the __________ required all men in a given town to serve on the
night watch, patrolling the streets; performing duties such as lighting street lamps, clearing garbage, and putting out fires;
and enforcing the criminal law.
56. The first specialized investigative unit in Rome was called __________, which means “trackers of murder.”
57. __________ is the author of the classic text on policing entitled Police Administration.
58. The Youth International Party was associated with the __________ movement.
59. __________ is the computer-based management program that many say was responsible for New York City’s drop in
crime in the mid- to late-1990s.
60. Legal segregation of the races finally ended with the landmark Supreme Court case of _____________________,
which desegregated schools all over the nation.
61. The _____________ was precipitated when an off-duty white New York City police lieutenant shot an African-
American youth who was threatening a building superintendent with a knife.
62. Describe the American colonial experience with policing.
63. List five of the Nine Principles of Sir Robert Peel, and discuss the goals in policing they were designed to accomplish.
64. Describe some of the developments in American policing and the criminal justice system during the colonial period,
as well as the 18th and 19th centuries that were influenced by the English police experience. Provide specific examples.
65. Identify at least four persons throughout history who had a significant influence on the development and shape of
20th-century American policing, and list some of their accomplishments.
66. How did the turbulent times of the 1960s and the early 1970s affect American policing?
67. Discuss the concept of thief-takers and how this method of policing led to increased crime.
68. Compare and contrast the colonial northern watch with the southern slave patrols.
69. How did technology influence policing in the early 20th century?
70. Detail the significance of the Wickersham Commission report.
71. What influenced the passage of the Pendleton Act?
72. In a major speech at the 2006 National Institute of Justice’s (NIJ’s) annual conference, Los Angeles Police Chief
William Bratton reflected on the tension between criminal justice practitioners and researchers. Explain the tension that
Chief Bratton described.
73. Police corruption has been a topic of discussion within and without the police community. Explain the importance of
the Knapp Commission and the Kerner Commission reports and their influence on police corruption in the law
enforcement community.
