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1. In 2014, the Republican Party
a. lost control of both houses of Congress.
b. won a majority in the House of Representatives, but not in the Senate.
c. won control of the Senate and held onto a majority in the House of Representatives.
d. took control of the Senate, but lost its majority in the House of Representatives.
e. committed to passing all the legislation that they received from President Barack Obama.
2. Politics is
a. the struggle over power or influence within organizations or informal groups.
b. becoming an increasingly low-stakes game.
c. a type of antisocial behavior by individuals.
d. fundamentally irrelevant.
e. the equitable distribution of power among organizations or informal groups.
3. Harold Lasswell defined politics as
a. a necessary evil.
b. the way conflict in society is perpetuated.
c. who gets what, when, and how.
d. promoting equality among citizens.
e. asystemforguidingindividuals’decisionmaking.
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Chapter_1_The_Democratic_Republic
4. An institution can best be defined as
a. a religious organization.
b. an ongoing organization that performs certain functions for society.
c. any organized group.
d. a democratic government.
e. part of an interest group.
5. Government can be defined as
a. an institution within which decisions are made that resolve conflicts.
b. a figurehead institution with little actual authority.
c. any club that sets up a platform.
d. the same in most countries.
e. a concept with a universally accepted interpretation.
6. One of the original purposes of government is
a. maintaining security.
b. ensuring liberty or freedom.
c. promoting equality among citizens.
d. promoting economic development.
e. promoting development of cultural capital.
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7. A complete collapse of order and security is
a. a disturbingly common event.
b. actually an uncommon event.
c. muchmorecommonthanthereverse—toomuchgovernmentcontrol.
d. apartofeverynation’spoliticaldevelopment.
e. a problem usually confined to highly urbanized countries.
8. Liberty can be defined as
a. freedom of individuals to do whatever they want.
b. freedom of individuals to own and control property.
c. the greatest freedom of the individual consistent with the freedom of other individuals.
d. incompatible with government.
e. a uniquely American value.
9. Governments have authority
a. when they are first organized.
b. when they are popular.
c. when they are internationally recognized.
d. when they have the right and power to enforce their decisions.
e. when people choose to obey the laws they create.
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10. Legitimacy in government is
a. the condition of having no government.
b. only applicable to democratic governments.
c. popular acceptance of the right and power of a government or other entity to exercise authority.
d. only needed in times of emergency.
e. useful to control immigration.
11. To say that authority is legitimate is to
a. state the obvious.
b. say that authority is broadly accepted.
c. imply that the ruler has not always been perceived as the legal power.
d. suggest that decisions are of little practical value.
e. imply that those in power do not have the good of the public in mind when making important decisions.
12. In 2011 in Egypt and Tunisia, regime change finally came when
a. soldiers resorted to violence against demonstrators.
b. the populace became more educated.
c. international governments intervened.
d. the rulers lost legitimacy.
e. the rulers lost authority.
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Chapter_1_The_Democratic_Republic
13. Totalitarianism as a concept means
a. that every aspect of political, social, and economic life is controlled by the government.
b. the condition of having no government and no laws.
c. that ultimate political authority is vested in the people.
d. a limited republic where people elect officials to make decisions for them for a specific period of time.
e. a unified government.
14. Authoritarianism differs from totalitarianism in that
a. freedom of speech is allowed.
b. the leaders may be voted out of office.
c. it is considered a legitimate form of government.
d. only the government itself is fully controlled by the ruler.
e. all aspects of political, social, and economic life are controlled by the ruler.
15. Aristocracy means rule by
a. the majority.
b. the“best.”
c. the“few.”
d. those who can read and write.
e. religious leaders.
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Chapter_1_The_Democratic_Republic
16. The literal meaning of theocracy is
a. rulebysociety’selders.
b. rule by the most educated.
c. rule by God (or the gods).
d. rule by the eldest son of the previous ruler.
e. rule by priests.
17. The most important feature of Athenian democracy was that
a. everyone could vote.
b. elected delegates made the important decisions.
c. it was an aristocracy.
d. the legislature was composed of all the citizens.
e. women were included in the legislature.
18. The initiative and the referendum are both
a. ways to remove a public official from office before to the end of his or her elected term.
b. procedures used in Congress to prevent the passage of a bill by talking it to death.
c. provided for in the Bill of Rights.
d. constitutional mechanisms that are unique to California.
e. modern adaptations of direct democracy.
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19. A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from office before his or her term has expired
is called
a. a referendum.
b. direct democracy.
c. a recall.
d. an initiative.
e. popular sovereignty.
20. Regarding direct democracy, James Madison and other politicians of his time
a. believed it would lead to a more educated population.
b. believed it was the safest and most stable system of government.
c. feared it would lead to a tyranny of the minority.
d. championed it as the only acceptable form of government.
e. feared it would deteriorate into mob rule.
21. A republic is
a. a conservative form of government.
b. a direct democracy.
c. a government in which sovereign power rests with the people, not a monarch.
d. a totalitarian state.
e. a government in which the people directly elect the president.
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22. The type of government the United States has is
a. a direct democracy.
b. a representative democracy.
c. a confederation.
d. a constitutional monarchy.
e. an anarchy.
23. Popular sovereignty means
a. that the sovereign is popular.
b. that the sovereign is supported by the people.
c. that ultimate political authority is based on the will of the people.
d. only one sovereign can serve at a time.
e. the sovereign can serve only two terms.
24. Unlike in a democratic republic, in a representative democracy
a. there is no founding document.
b. there is universal suffrage.
c. all national policy decisions are made by the Senate.
d. the monarchy may be retained in a largely ceremonial role.
e. the people do not hold ultimate power over government.
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25. The concept of universal suffrage refers to
a. the right of all adults to vote for their representatives in government.
b. the problems people face in countries that do not have democracy.
c. the idea that political power should be used to eliminate food shortages throughout the world.
d. the belief that the whole world will suffer if certain political and economic ideas are allowed to spread.
e. a state of nature before governments existed.
26. In the United States, universal suffrage for all citizens has
a. always been part of our election process.
b. never been that important.
c. come under fire recently.
d. developed over time.
e. been available since the 1920s.
27. To ensure that majority rule does not become oppressive, modern democracies
a. limit political participation to individuals who are properly educated.
b. provide guarantees of minority rights.
c. make voting mandatory.
d. apply term limits to elected officials.
e. require two-thirds support of the legislature before a law can be enacted.
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28. All of the following are principles of democratic governments EXCEPT
a. universal suffrage.
b. majority rule and protection of minority rights.
c. free, competitive elections.
d. limited government.
e. limited right to vote.
29. A limited government is one in which
a. political participation is limited only to individuals who are educated.
b. government powers are limited, either through a written document or through widely shared beliefs.
c. many seats in the legislature are vacant.
d. government has the power only to make decisions regarding international and defense policy.
e. there is no higher authority than the local level of government.
30. The heart of ________ theory is the proposition that in a democracy, the government ought to do what the majority
of the people want.
a. elite
b. majoritarian
c. pluralism
d. aristocracy
e. game
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31. Elite theory suggests that
a. elites rely on the input from interest groups within society.
b. governments can control economic policy, but not social institutions.
c. a single ruler from the elite class controls all aspects of the government.
d. people who are not part of the elite class can never enter it.
e. society is ruled by a small number of people who exercise power to further their self-interest.
32. Inthepluralistview,politicsis
a. only useful for the wealthy in society.
b. the struggle among groups to gain benefits for their members.
c. insignificant at the lower levels of government.
d. marked by the division of society into two great classes.
e. the major problem in modern society.
33. A political culture is a
a. written set of codes that dictate political action.
b. club that attempts to influence governmental decisions.
c. major problem for rulers of stable forms of government.
d. patterned set of ideas, values, and ways of thinking about government and politics.
e. manifestation of pluralism.
34. The two most important sources of political socialization are
a. the American Socialist Party and the Democratic Party.
b. the rapid growth of the federal deficit and uncontrolled immigration.
c. the family and the educational system.
d. direct payments to individuals from Social Security and 401Ks.
e. the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.
35. The concept of political socialization refers to
a. the process by which political beliefs and values are transmitted to individuals.
b. direct payments to individuals from the government through Social Security.
c. individuals who are opposed to the development of a socialistic government.
d. the gradual development of social programs within our national government.
e. the government taking over the economic sector of the country.
36. The dominant culture in the United States has its roots in
a. American Indian civilization.
b. Babylonian civilization.
c. Norse civilization.
d. Eastern European civilization.
e. Western European civilization.
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37. Those personal freedoms, including freedom of religion and of speech, that are protected for all individuals in a
society are called
a. civil liberties.
b. human rights.
c. God-given rights.
d. American ideals.
e. libertarian principles.
38. Many basic guarantees of liberty are found in
a. the protection of personal property rights.
b. the broadly defined rights of criminals, including protection from self-incrimination.
c. the Bill of Rights.
d. the rights of minorities.
e. national security.
39. The right to privacy is
a. an unimportant liberty.
b. an agreed-upon part of American political culture.
c. a particularly controversial liberty.
d. explicitly stated in the Bill of Rights.
e. a central concept of democracy.
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40. The concept that all people are of equal worth is called
a. popular sovereignty.
b. equality.
c. fraternity.
d. liberty.
e. liberalism.
41. Theassumptionthegovernmentcouldn’t(orshouldn’t)doanythingaboutthedivisionofsocietybetweenrichand
poor began to lose its force in the
a. 1500s.
b. 1600s
c. 1700s
d. 1800s
e. 1900s
42. The right to property is all of the following EXCEPT
a. widespread in the United States.
b. likely to provide power and liberty to those who own it.
c. compatible with reducing economic inequality.
d. fundamental to the capitalist system.
e. a source of inequality in society.
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43. Capitalism is
a. a political theory developed by Karl Marx.
b. an economic system marked by the private ownership of wealth-creating assets, free markets, and freedom of
contract.
c. incompatible with property rights, including personal possessions and wealth-creating assets.
d. named for the centralization of economic power in the capitol.
e. unpopular in the United States.
44. Americans are most likely to call for the benefits of big government when they are
a. uneducated.
b. experiencing low levels of unemployment.
c. concerned about their perception abroad.
d. experiencing an economic upturn.
e. reacting to a crisis.
45. A closely linked set of beliefs about politics is called
a. a political culture.
b. a dogma.
c. a political ideology.
d. the political spectrum.
e. political science.
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46. Conservatives generally place a high value on the principle of
a. poverty reduction.
b. government intervention.
c. social innovation.
d. order.
e. equality.
47. Liberals typically endorse all of the following EXCEPT
a. civil rights.
b. improving the welfare of individuals.
c. a limited role for the government in helping individuals.
d. government regulation of the economy.
e. greater tolerance for social change.
48. Unlike liberals or conservatives, socialists advocate
a. civil liberties.
b. economic liberty.
c. capitalism.
d. property rights.
e. ownership of businesses by the government or by cooperatives.
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49. All of the following are true of libertarians EXCEPT
a. libertarians oppose government attempts to promote moral values.
b. libertarians advocate redistribution of income.
c. libertarians support laissez-faire capitalism.
d. libertarians oppose most government activities.
e. libertarians support property rights.
50. Thefollowingstatementwasprobablymadebya______:“Thegovernmentshouldhavenoroleinprovidinghealth
care for the country. It would be best to provide a tax rate cut to stimulate businesses to provide more people with
healthcareinsurance.”
a. liberal
b. conservative
c. communist
d. socialist
e. populist
51. Inwhatwaysisthegovernmentinvolvedinone’sdailylife?
52. How can the continued existence of a representative democracy be guaranteed?
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53. Do you believe that pluralism theory or elite theory is the more accurate description of American politics? Why?
54. Why does the mandate of equal treatment for all groups of Americans sometimes come into conflict with the
concept of liberty?
55. Howhavelabelssuchas“liberal”changedovertime?HowdoAmericanvaluesaffecttheuseofdifferent
ideological labels?
56. Why do you think that socialism has made little headway in the United States, despite its popularity in other parts of
the world?
57. What are the issues liberals and conservatives tend to support and oppose?
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58. Compare and contrast direct democracy to representative democracy. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of each? In what situations might a direct democracy work? When is a representative democracy more feasible?
59. THINK: Choose an important issue such as child care, health care, abortion, immigration, or welfare, and discuss a
government policy a liberal and a conservative might design to help solve this issue.
60. Using the important American values of liberty, security, equality, and property, discuss the ways in which these
values can be in conflict with each other. What role should government play in providing these things for all
Americans?
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