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56. Mens rea refers to an individual's:
a. criminal act. b. risk of flight.
c. social standing. d. guilty mind.
57. To satisfy the requirements of , guilty actions must be voluntary.
a. mala reus b. mala prohibitum
c. actus reus d. mens rea
58. Defense of duress, self-defense, and entrapment are considered a type of defense called:
a. association. b. magnification.
c. adjudication. d. justification.
59. As the result of the murder of actress Rebecca Schaeffer in 1989, 25 states enacted these laws:
a. mala prohibita laws b. stalking statutes
c. limited liability statutes d. rape shield laws
60. In 2003, this case heard by the Supreme Court ruled that sodomy could not be ruled illegal because it violated
the due process rights of citizens.
a. Curton v. Gastric Bypass Inc b. Heise v. Utah
c. Wellman v. South Carolina d. Lawrence v. Texas
61. A battered wife who kills her mate might argue that she acted out of duress—committing her crime to save her
own life. She would be using a/an defense.
a.
justification
b. excuse
c. denying the actus reus d. denying mens rea
62. Jack Kevorkian began practicing what he called , or helping people take their own lives.
a. Jack's law b. Bardo assisted death
c. obitiatry d. plakent
63. A revision of this 1994 act, which required states to register individuals convicted of sex crimes against children,
also established a community notification system.
a. Joseph Antwine Act b. Twin Falls, Idaho Act
c. Jacob Wetterling Act d. Kevin Ward Jr. Act
64. A modification to Virginia's Computer Crimes Act in 2005 made the action of sending out bulk email messages
designed to trick consumers into revealing personal information and accounts illegal. What is this act called?
a. netting b. dumpster diving
c. widening the net d. phishing
65. New Jersey Senate Bill 119, signed into law on January 18th, 2010, is most associated with:
a. capital punishment. b. medical marijuana.
c. stalking laws. d. environmental crime.
66. In which case in 2005 did the Supreme Court rule that the federal government can prosecute medical marijuana
patients even in states with compassionate use laws?
a. United States v. Booker b. Plessy v. Furgeson
c. Gonzales v. Raich d. Jackson v. The Citadel
67. According to the Drug Policy Alliance, which of the following states has NOT created laws that remove state-
level penalties for growing or possessing medical marijuana?
a. West Virginia b. Alaska
c. Washington d. Maine
68. A highly controversial book authored by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray was called:
a. The Bell Curve b. Race and Crime
c. The Rabbit Hole d. To Kill a Mockingbird
69. Criminal justice explains the etiology, extent, and nature of crime in society.
a. True
b. False
70. All crimes are deviant behaviors.
a. True
b. False
71. Deviant behaviors are those actions that depart from social norms, values, and beliefs.
a. True
b. False
72. The media are often involved with downplaying crime and report lower numbers of true crime statistics to help
society feel less fearful.
a. True
b. False
73. The development of valid methods to measure crime and the accuracy of crime data are crucial aspects of
criminology in action.
a. True
b. False
74. Criminological theories use a method referred to as the Symposium Method for testing theories.
a. True
b. False
75. Criminals have a greater likelihood of being victims than noncriminals.
a. True
b. False
76. In a sample of death row inmates, Gross found that none of the exonerated inmates in his sample of 340 were
innocent.
a. True
b. False
77. Mental illness is not a critical factor in explaining terrorist behavior.
a. True
b. False
78. Crime typologies refer to the study of criminal behavior involving research on the links between different types of
crime and criminals.
a. True
b. False
79. Heath Miller and Gregory Polanco were the first to suggest that victim behavior is often a key determinant in
crime.
a. True
b. False
80. The critical view of crime links illegal behavior to the concept of social harm.
a. True
b. False
81. The consensus view of crime is the belief that the majority of citizens in a society share common ideas and work
toward a common good.
a. True
b. False
82. Moral entrepreneurs are interest groups that attempt to control social life and the legal order in such a way as
to promote their own moral views.
a. True
b. False
83. Crime, according to the interpersonal view, states that the political power and position of the upper class is used
at the expense of the poor.
a. True
b. False
84. The conflict view of crime states that human behavior is shaped by interpersonal issues and that those who
maintain social power will use it to further their own needs.
a. True
b. False
85. Common law originated in early England, where royal judges would use local rules and customs to decide cases.
a. True
b. False
86. Civil law refers to a set of rules governing relations between private parties, which often are the results of
contract disputes, wills, and property.
a. True
b. False
87. Criminal law constantly evolves to reflect social and economic conditions.
a. True
b. False
88. Substantive criminal law involves the rules of evidence and the law of arrests and investigations.
a. True
b. False
89. Actus reus refers to "a guilty mind."
a. True
b. False
90. The criminal defense of "duress" is associated with acts in which the individual admits committing the criminal act
but is not liable.
a. True
b. False
91. Define and explain the difference between criminology and criminal justice.
92. Criminology is related to the study of deviance. Explain how criminology, deviant behaviors and crime overlap.
93. The subarea of criminal statistics and crime measurement involves devising valid and reliable measures designed
to calculate the amount and trends of criminal activity. What must criminologists do to understand how much
crime occurs? Who commits in? When and where does it occur?
94. For those studying the role of the victim in crime, to which areas should one pay particular attention?
95. Define the consensus view of crime, the conflict view of crime, and the interactionist view of crime. Compare
and contrast these three perspectives.
96. Identify and discuss the four categories of contemporary law.
97. Explain the relationship between criminal law and the United States Constitution.
98. Explain the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor.
99. Beginning with common law and concluding with contemporary law, explain how criminal law has evolved as
society has evolved.
100. What ethical issues should criminologists consider when conducting criminological research and why should
these issues be considered?
