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Moderate;
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
65. The younger employees who are joining the workforce typically expect to .
a. receive life-time employment from the same company
b. have autonomy and participate in decisions
c. be promoted slower than previous generations
d. stay with the same company for over ten years
66. Leaders such as John Grundhofer – aka Jack the Ripper – continue to remain in leadership positions,
primarily because .
a. they are effective
b. organizations face short-term financial pressures
c. they focus on stakeholders
d. they are able to manage global cultures
67. Young employees entering the workforce are looking for fast promotions, challenging learning
opportunities and work-life balance. This represents which category of factors fueling organizational
change?
a. increased globalization
b. employee expectations
c. political changes
d. technological advances
68. ________ is/are barriers to changes in organizations and leaders.
a. Lack of teams in upper management
b. Open structures and ill-defined goals
c. Global cultural changes
d. The focus on team rewards
69. The XYZ organization recruits leaders who are dominant and willing to take control over those who
focus on team building. This is an example of .
a. cultural insensitivity
b. lingering images of traditional leadership
c. organizational stupidity
d. poor decision making
e. All of the above
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70. Which of the following factors is key to JetBlue’s flexibility?
a. the airline’s growing size and importance in its industry
b. the emphasis on teamwork
c. a powerful leadership team
d. a centralized organization where all employee can stay in touch
71. Which one of the following is not one of the factors in JetBlue’s success?
a. David Neeleman
b. a decentralized structure
c. JetBlue’s ability to copy other airlines
True/False Questions
72. There is one commonly accepted definition of leadership.
a. true
b. false
73. A leader is defined as a person who influences individuals and groups, helps them in establishing
goals, and guides them towards achievement of those goals.
a. true
b. false
74. It is easy to define leadership.
a. true
b. false
75. Researchers agree that a leader is effective when the group performs its task.
a. true
b. false
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76. The definition of leadership effectiveness often depends on the point of view of the person who is
defining effectiveness.
a. true
b. false
77. For Barbara Waugh, personnel manager of Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, effectiveness is
communication, collaboration, and innovation.
a. true
b. false
78. According to Fred Luthans, effective and successful managers engage in different types of activities.
a. true
b. false
79. Fred Luthans found that the majority of managers are both effective and successful.
a. true
b. false
80. Fred Luthans found that only 10% of managers are both effective and successful.
a. true
b. false
81. Based on Luthans’ research, in order for organizations to be effective they must reward effective
managers and help them become successful.
a. true
b. false
82. The definition of leadership effectiveness depends on the organization and the context.
a. true
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b. false
83. The common thread in many definitions of leadership effectiveness is the focus on outcomes.
a. true
b. false
84. Leaders are effective when their followers achieve their goals, can function well together, and can
adapt to the changing demands from external forces.
a. true
b. false
85. Leadership is not a universal phenomenon, but rather culturally contingent.
a. true
b. false
86. The presence of leaders creates an unavoidable hierarchy and inequality.
a. true
b. false
87. Managing the inequality inherent in leader-follower relationships is essential in the leadership
process.
a. true
b. false
88. An important aspect of effective leadership is practice and learning from one’s mistakes.
a. true
b. false
89. The keys to being an effective leader are knowledge, experience, practice and learning from one’s
mistakes.
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a. true
b. false
90. Becoming an effective leader requires experimentation and organizational support.
a. true
b. false
91. Most researchers agree that leadership and management are basically the same concept.
a. true
b. false
92. Managers tend to take a long-term perspective, whereas leaders take a short-term perspective
a. true
b. false
93. Leaders provide a vision for their followers, where as managers focus on routine issues.
a. true
b. false
94. According to Kotter, while leadership is an age-old concept, the idea of management was developed
during the industrial revolution.
a. true
b. false
95. Effective managers often have to perform roles and functions attributed to leaders.
a. true
b. false
96. For organizations to function properly all managers can be replaced by leaders.
a. true
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b. false
97. Research about the difference between male and female managers indicates that women are generally
less effective leaders, but excellent managers.
a. true
b. false
98. There is general agreement that there are fundamental differences between how men and women
manage.
a. True
b. false
99. One of the primary roles of leaders is to create and maintain the culture of their organizations.
a. true
b. false
100. The only means leaders have to influence their followers is through role modeling.
a. true
b. false
101. Leadership is a complex process and leaders should always take themselves very seriously.
a. true
b. false
102. Leaders like Jack Welch are typically very involved in the transition of new top managers in
leadership roles.
a. true
b. false
103. Hiring decisions are an important aspect of how leaders can shape the organization’s culture.
a. true
b. false
104. Recent research suggests that leaders must be able to manage their followers’ emotional states.
a. true
b. false
105. While the leader’s impact on the organization may not always be tangible, leadership is
significant in providing a vision and direction for followers.
a. true
b. false
106. In cultures where power is highly differentiated and centralized, managers rely on employees to
offer solutions and answers to organizational challenges.
a. true
b. false
107. Leadership in traditional organizations continues to include a desire for control and power.
a. true
b. false
108. The focus on quality requires leaders to be in charge and show dominance.
a. true
b. false
109. Today’s leaders need to improve their structuring skills.
a. true
b. false
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110. As the leader’s roles are changing, employees are increasingly expected to understand strategic
and financial issues.
a. true
b. false
111. Planning and organizing is increasingly being done by followers instead of leaders alone.
a. true
b. false
112. Because of many changes in organizations, leaders have to increasingly rely on structuring skills
to be effective.
a. true
b. false
113. Rick Sapio, CEO of Mutual.com, and Jeff Imelt, of GE, both focus on listening to their
employees.
a. true
b. false
114. Factors that are fueling leadership changes include legal pressures and requirements.
a. true
b. false
115. The United States is one of the few countries that is experiencing increased diversity.
a. true
b. false
116. By 2025, Hispanics are estimated to outnumber African Americans in the United States.
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a. true
b. false
117. Women hold almost 50% of managerial and professional positions in the U.S.
a. true
b. false
118. Women currently hold 20 percent of all executive positions in the United States.
a. true
b. false
119. Scandinavian countries lead the way in percentage of women who hold senior level executive
positions. Just delete this question.
a. true
b. false
120. By 2050, the average U.S. resident will be from a non-European background.
a. true
b. false
121. By 2050, the majority of new entrants in the U.S. labor force will be Hispanic.
a. true
b. false
122. Although women are not well represented in executive positions around the world, they are
holding a majority of board memberships.
a. true
b. false
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123. Ted Childs of IBM considers diversity to be an essential part of the business.
a. true
b. false
124. Financial pressures often force organizations to select ruthless leaders.
a. true
b. false
125. One of the obstacles to effective leadership is the extensive use of teams in upper management.
a. true
b. false
126. Male images of leadership which include dominance and control are no longer used in most
organizations.
a. true
b. false
127. Job satisfaction is higher in organizations with more bureaucracy and lower autonomy.
a. true
b. false
128. Few organization take full advantage of their employees’ ideas and potential.
a. true
b. false
Short Answer/ Essay Questions:
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129. Jonas Falk, CEO of OrganicLife, states that leadership is taking “an average team of individuals
and transforming them into superstars”. Explain what she means by that statement, why it is
important, and give an example that demonstrates her belief.
130. Some may argue that leadership is not necessary. What are some important reasons for having
leaders in organizations.
131. Explain what the author means by: Leadership and management become more closely similar
when considering the issue of effectiveness and competence.
132. Helgensen found that women reported having ample time to themselves; time to read and reflect;
and time to schedule meetings to share information with colleagues and subordinates. Conversely,
men found themselves stressed; and had little to no time to reflect or time for themselves. Does
that mean women are better leaders and handle leadership positions better than men do? Explain.
133. Discuss some of the demographic changes occurring in the United States. How do these changes
affect leadership?
134. Explain why people like John Grundhofer, nicknamed “Jack the Ripper,” who specialized in
implementing massive layoffs, continue to find their skills in high demand.