Chemistry: The Central Science, 12e (Brown et al.)
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
1.1 Multiple–Choice Questions
1) In the following list, only __________ is not an example of matter.
A) planets
B) light
C) dust
D) elemental phosphorus
E) table salt
2) What is the physical state in which matter has no specific shape but does have a specific volume?
A) gas
B) solid
C) liquid
D) salts
E) ice
3) The law of constant composition applies to __________.
A) solutions
B) heterogeneous mixtures
C) compounds
D) homogeneous mixtures
E) solids
4) A combination of sand, salt, and water is an example of a __________.
A) homogeneous mixture
B) heterogeneous mixture
C) compound
D) pure substance
E) solid
5) A small amount of salt dissolved in water is an example of a __________.
A) homogeneous mixture
B) heterogeneous mixture
C) compound
D) pure substance
E) solid
6) Which one of the following has the element name and symbol correctly matched?
A) P, potassium
B) C, copper
C) Mg, manganese
D) Ag, silver
E) Sn, silicon
7) Which one of the following has the element name and symbol correctly matched?
A) S, sodium
B) Tn, tin
C) Fe, iron
D) N, neon
E) B, bromine
8) Which one of the following elements has a symbol that is not derived from its foreign name?
A) tin
B) aluminum
C) mercury
D) copper
E) lead
9) Which one of the following is a pure substance?
A) concrete
B) wood
C) salt water
D) elemental copper
E) milk
10) Which one of the following is often easily separated into its components by simple techniques such
as filtering or decanting?
A) heterogeneous mixture
B) compounds
C) homogeneous mixture
D) elements
E) solutions
11) Which states of matter are significantly compressible?
A) gases only
B) liquids only
C) solids only
D) liquids and gases
E) solids and liquids
12) For which of the following can the composition vary?
A) pure substance
B) element
C) both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
D) homogeneous mixture
E) heterogeneous mixture
13) If matter is uniform throughout and cannot be separated into other substances by physical means, it
is __________.
A) a compound
B) either an element or a compound
C) a homogeneous mixture
D) a heterogeneous mixture
E) an element
14) An element cannot __________.
A) be part of a heterogeneous mixture
B) be part of a homogeneous mixture
C) be separated into other substances by chemical means
D) interact with other elements to form compounds
E) be a pure substance
15) Homogeneous mixtures are also known as __________.
A) solids
B) compounds
C) elements
D) substances
E) solutions
16) The law of constant composition says __________.
A) that the composition of a compound is always the same
B) that all substances have the same composition
C) that the composition of an element is always the same
D) that the composition of a homogeneous mixture is always the same
E) that the composition of a heterogeneous mixture is always the same
17) Which of the following is an illustration of the law of constant composition?
A) Water boils at 100°C at 1 atm pressure.
B) Water is 11% hydrogen and 89% oxygen by mass.
C) Water can be separated into other substances by a chemical process.
D) Water and salt have different boiling points.
E) Water is a compound.
18) In the following list, only __________ is not an example of a chemical reaction.
A) dissolution of a penny in nitric acid
B) the condensation of water vapor
C) a burning candle
D) the formation of polyethylene from ethylene
E) the rusting of iron
19) Gases and liquids share the property of __________.
A) compressibility
B) definite volume
C) incompressibility
D) indefinite shape
E) definite shape
5.
20) Of the following, only __________ is a chemical reaction.
A) melting of lead
B) dissolving sugar in water
C) tarnishing of silver
D) crushing of stone
E) dropping a penny into a glass of water
21) Which one of the following is not an intensive property?
A) density
B) temperature
C) melting point
D) mass
E) boiling point
22) Which one of the following is an intensive property?
A) mass
B) temperature
C) heat content
D) volume
E) amount
23) Of the following, only __________ is an extensive property.
A) density
B) mass
C) boiling point
D) freezing point
E) temperature
24) Which of the following are chemical processes?
1. rusting of a nail
2. freezing of water
3. decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases
4. compression of oxygen gas
A) 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 1, 3
D) 1, 2
E) 1, 4
25) In the following list, only __________ is not an example of a chemical reaction.
A) burning a plastic water bottle
B) the production of hydrogen gas from water
C) the tarnishing of a copper penny
D) chopping a log into sawdust
E) charging a cellular phone
26) Of the following, __________ is the smallest mass.
A) 25 kg
B) 2.5 × 10-2 mg
C) 2.5 × 1015 pg
D) 2.5 × 109 fg
E) 2.5 × 1010 ng
27) Of the following, __________ is the largest mass.
A) 25 kg
B) 2.5 × 10-2 mg
C) 2.5 × 1015 pg
D) 2.5 × 109 fg
E) 2.5 × 1010 ng
28) Which one of the following is the highest temperature?
A) 38 °C
B) 96 °F
C) 302 K
D) none of the above
E) the freezing point of water
29) Which one of the following is the highest temperature?
A) The boiling point of water
B) 220 °F
C) 373 K
D) 100°C
E) All of the above are identical temperatures
30) Which of the following is (are) the lowest temperature?
A) The freezing point of water
B) 5 °C
C) 30 °F
D) 280 K
E) A and D
31) Which one of the following is true about the liter?
A) It is the SI base unit for volume.
B) It is equivalent to a cubic decimeter.
C) It is slightly smaller than a quart.
D) It contains 106 cubic centimeters.
E) It is slightly smaller than a gallon.
32) Of the objects below, __________ is the most dense.
A) an object with a volume of 2.5 L and a mass of 12.5 kg
B) an object with a volume of 139 mL and a mass of 93 g
C) an object with a volume of 0.00212 m3 and a mass of 4.22 × 104 mg
D) an object with a volume of 3.91 × 10-24 nm3 and a mass of 7.93 × 10-1 ng
E) an object with a volume of 13 dm3 and a mass of 1.29 × 103 g
33) Which calculation clearly shows a conversion between temperatures in degrees Celsius, t(°C), and
temperature in Kelvins, T(K)?
A) T(K) = t(°C) + 273.15
B) T(K) = 273.15 – t(°C)
C) T(K) = [t(°C) – 32] / 1.8
D) T(K) = [t(°C) + 32] × 1.8
E) T(K) = t(°C)
34) Express the temperature, 422.35 K, in degrees Celsius.
A) 792.23 °C
B) 149.20 °C
C) 695.50 °C
D) 50.89 °C
E) 22.78 °C
35) Which of the following liquids has the greatest density?
A) 13 with a mass of 23 g
B) 3.5 cm3 with a mass of 10 g
C) 0.022 cm3 with a mass of 0.10 g
D) 54 cm3 with a mass of 45 g
E) 210 cm3 with a mass of 12 g
36) You have to calculate the mass of a 30.0 mL liquid sample with density of 1.52 g/mL, but you have
forgotten the formula. Which way of reasoning would help you in finding the correct mass?
A) If 1 mL of a liquid has the mass of 1.52 g, then 30.0 mL has the mass of __________ g.
B) If 1.52 mL of a liquid has the mass of 1 g, then 30.0 mL has the mass of __________ g.
37) You have to calculate the volume of a gas sample with mass of 1.000 × 103 g and density of 1.027
g/L, but you have forgotten the formula. Which way of reasoning would help you in finding the correct
mass?
A) If 1.027 g of a gas takes up a volume of 1 L, then 1.000 × 103 g of the same gas takes up a volume of
__________.
B) If 1.027 L of gas has a mass of 1 g, then __________ L has the mass of 1.000 × 103 g.
38) Osmium has a density of 22.6 g/cm3. What volume (in cm3) would be occupied by a 21.8 g sample
of osmium?
A) 0.965
B) 1.04
C) 493
D) 2.03 × 10-3
E) 2.03 × 103
39) Gold has a density of 0.01932 kg/cm3. What volume (in cm3) would be occupied by a 33.3 g sample
of gold?
A) 0.663
B) 5.80 x 10-4
C) 5.80
D) 0.581
E) 1.72
40) Iron has a density of 7.9 g/cm3. What is the mass of a cube of iron with the length of one side equal
to 55.0 mm?
A) 2.1 x 104 g
B) 4.3 x 102 g
C) 1.3 x 103 g
D) 1.4 g
E) 2.3 x 10-2 g
41) A cube of an unknown metal measures 1.61 mm on one side. The mass of the cube is 36 mg.
Which of the following is most likely the unknown metal?
A) copper
B) rhodium
C) niobium
D) vanadium
E) zirconium
42) Precision refers to __________.
A) how close a measured number is to other measured numbers
B) how close a measured number is to the true value
C) how close a measured number is to the calculated value
D) how close a measured number is to zero
E) how close a measured number is to infinity
43) Accuracy refers to __________.
A) how close a measured number is to zero
B) how close a measured number is to the calculated value
C) how close a measured number is to other measured numbers
D) how close a measured number is to the true value
E) how close a measured number is to infinity
44) Which of the following has the same number of significant figures as the number 1.00310?
A) 1 × 106
B) 199.791
C) 8.66
D) 5.119
E) 100
45) Acceleration due to gravity of a free-falling object is 9.8 m/s2. Express this in
millimeters/millisecond2.
A) 9.8 × 10-9
B) 9.8 × 103
C) 9.8 × 10-6
D) 9.8 × 106
E) 9.8 × 10-3
46) If an object is accelerating at a rate of 25 m/s2, how long (in seconds) will it take to reach a speed of
550 m/s? (Assume an initial velocity of zero.)
A) 22
B) 1.4 × 104
C) 0.045
D) 1.2 × 104
E) 2.3 × 102
47) If an object is accelerating at a rate of 25 m/s2, how fast will it be moving (in m/s) after 1.50 min?
(Assume an initial velocity of zero.)
A) 17
B) 3.6
C) 38
D) 2.3 × 103
E) 0.060
48) A wooden object has a mass of 10.782 g and occupies a volume of 13.72 mL. What is the density of
the object determined to an appropriate number of significant figures?
A) 8 × 10-1 g/mL
B) 7.9 × 10-1 g/mL
C) 7.86 × 10-1 g/mL
D) 7.859 × 10-1 g/mL
E) 7.8586 × 10-1 g/mL
49) Expressing a number in scientific notation __________.
A) changes its value
B) removes ambiguity as to the significant figures
C) removes significant zeros
D) allows to increase the number’s precision
E) all of the above
50) The number with the most significant zeros is __________.
A) 0.00002510
B) 0.02500001
C) 250000001
D) 2.501 × 10-7
E) 2.5100000
51) How many significant figures are in the number 0.0034050?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 7
52) How many significant figures should be retained in the result of the following calculation?
12.00000 × 0.9893 + 13.00335 × 0.0107
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6
53) In which one of the following numbers are all of the zeros significant?
A) 100.090090
B) 0.143290
C) 0.05843
D) 0.1000
E) 00.0030020
54) Which of the following is not an exact number?
A) The number of seconds in a year.
B) The number of millimeters in a kilometer.
C) The number of liters in a gallon.
D) The number of centimeters in an inch.
E) The number of grams in a kilogram.
55) In which one of the following numbers are none of the zeros significant?
A) 100.0
B) 1065
C) 0.0100
D) 1.003450
E) 0.00001
56) Round the number 0.007222 to three significant figures.
A) 0.007
B) 0.00722
C) 0.0072
D) 0.00723
E) 0.007225
57) Round the number 3456.5 to two significant figures.
A) 3400.0
B) 3400
C) 3000
D) 3500
E) 3000.0
58) Round the number 0.08535 to two significant figures.
A) 0.09
B) 0.086
C) 0.0854
D) 0.085
E) 0.08535
59) One angstrom, symbolized Å, is 10-10 m. 1 cm3 = __________ Å3
A) 1024
B) 10-24
C) 1030
D) 10-30
E) 10-9
1) Solids have a __________ shape and are not appreciably __________.
A) definite, compressible
B) definite, incompressible
C) indefinite, compressible
D) indefinite, incompressible
E) sharp, convertible
2) __________ is the chemical symbol for elemental sodium.
A) S
B) W
C) So
D) Na
E) Sn
3) If matter is uniform throughout and cannot be separated into other substances by physical processes,
but can be decomposed into other substances by chemical processes, it is called a (an) __________.
A) heterogeneous mixture
B) element
C) homogeneous mixture
D) compound
E) mixture of elements
4) A separation process that depends on differing abilities of substances to form gases is called
__________.
A) filtration
B) solvation
C) distillation
D) chromatography
E) All of the above are correct.
5) The initial or tentative explanation of an observation is called a(n) __________.
A) law
B) theory
C) hypothesis
D) experiment
E) test
6) A concise verbal statement or mathematical equation that summarizes a broad variety of observations
and experiences is called a(n) __________.
A) law
B) theory
C) hypothesis
D) experiment
E) test
7) The SI unit for mass is __________.
A) kilogram
B) gram
C) pound
D) troy ounce
E) none of the above
8) A one degree of temperature difference is the smallest on the __________ temperature scale.
A) Kelvin
B) Celsius
C) Fahrenheit
D) Kelvin and Celsius
E) Fahrenheit and Celsius
15.
9) __________ is the abbreviation for the prefix mega-.
A) k
B) m
C) M
D) n
E) d
10) Milli is the abbreviation for the prefix ________.
A) k
B) m
C) M
D) n
E) d
11) A common English set of units for expressing velocity is miles/hour. The SI unit for velocity is
__________.
A) km/hr
B) km/s
C) m/hr
D) m/s
E) cm/s
12) The density of a gold nugget is 19.3 g/cm3. If the volume of the gold nugget is 0.00369 L, the mass
of the nugget is __________.
A) 71.2
B) 0.191
C) 19.3
D) 5.23
E) none of the above
13) The length of the side of a cube having a density of 12.6 g/ml and a mass of 7.65 g is __________
cm.
A) 3.20
B) 0.847
C) 1.02
D) 0.584
E) 1.32
14) The unit of force in the English measurement system is
2
s
. The SI unit of force is the Newton,
16.
which is __________ in base SI units.
A)
2
g cm
s
B)
C)
D)
2
g m
s
E)
g m
s
15) Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity. The SI unit for momentum is
__________.
A)
B)
C)
g m
s
D)
E)
kg km
hr
16) The SI unit of temperature is __________.
A) K
B) °C
C) °F
D) t
E) T
17) The freezing point of water at 1 atm pressure is __________.
A) 0 °F
B) 0 K
C) 0 °C
D) -273 °C
E) -32 °F
18) A temperature of __________ K is the same as 63°F.
A) 17
B) 276