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1. The effects on children’s cognitive achievement, educational attainment, nutrition, physical and mental health, and
social behavior due to poverty are limited.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Research indicates that the daily stress of modern life has little significant impact on American youth as they progress
through their teenage years.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Mechanisms to care for children who are destitute or orphaned have only been in existence for approximately 150
years.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Some states grant the juvenile court judge discretion to substitute a status offense for a delinquency charge.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Research has indicated that as a result of deinstitutionalization, children who can no longer be detained are being
recycled or relabeled as delinquent offenders in order to house the youth in secure facilities.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Under parens patriae delinquent acts are not considered criminal violations.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The courts have struck down most juvenile curfew laws as unconstitutional.
a.
True
b.
False
8. As soon as they were physically able to do so, children of peasants were expected to engage in adult roles.
a.
True
b.
False
9. The chances of an adolescent with weak academic skills and living in poverty obtaining a college degree is close to
10%.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Early English jurisprudence held that children under the age of 6 were legally incapable of committing crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Voluntary apprentices were bound out by parents or guardians who wished to secure training for their children.
a.
True
b.
False
12. By age 18, many American youths have spent more time watching television shows than they have spent in the
classroom.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Fewer children are born today with health risks as compared to 1990.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Physical distance is still a barrier to the frequency and degree of harm perpetrated by a bully on his or her victim.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Minors apprehended for a criminal act are charged with the crime and then adjudicated delinquent.
a.
True
b.
False
16. During the Middle Ages high infant mortality rates kept parents from emotionally bonding with their children.
a.
True
b.
False
17. The Factory Act limited the number of hours children were permitted to work, but did nothing to address school
attendance.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Involuntary apprenticeship, indenture, and binding out of children did not become responses to the problems of
indigent, delinquent, or orphaned children until the late eighteenth century.
a.
True
b.
False
19. The study of juvenile delinquency involves a variety of social problems faced by youth; it does not extend to the
analysis of the various components of the justice system such as law enforcement.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Ego identity and role diffusion are essentially the same concept.
a.
True
b.
False
21. As an adolescent, Mandy is undergoing dramatic changes in her height, weight, and sexual characteristics; these
changes are occurring at a rate much faster than she will ever again experience in her lifetime. Through what type of
change is Mandy going?
a.
Biological
b.
Educational
c.
Psychological
d.
Spiritual
22. According to Erik Erikson, what is formed when a person develops a firm sense of self?
a.
Personality
b.
Id formation
c.
Ego identity
d.
Role diffusion
23. Which of the following would you say best exemplifies a youth who has been retained in school, is involved with
deviant peers, and experiments with drugs?
a.
Economically challenged youth
b.
Latchkey child
c.
At-risk youth
d.
Juvenile delinquent
24. What is the term used to describe the reduction in frequency of a youth's offending?
a.
Period of intellectual growth
b.
Maturation cycle
c.
Learning curve
d.
Aging-out process
25. Which of the following refers to English statutes that allowed the courts to appoint overseers over destitute and
neglected children, allowing placement of these children as servants in the homes of the affluent?
a.
Chancery courts
b.
Welfare houses
c.
Juvenile laws
d.
Poor laws
26. Which of the following cases provided the possibility of parole for a youth under the age of 18?
a.
Mapp v. Ohio
b.
Miller v. Alabama
c.
Roper v. Simmons
d.
In re Gault
27. English Poor Laws, the apprenticeship movement, and the role of the chancery court are credited with eventually
impacting what area involving the rights of children?
a.
Delivery of public education
b.
Emerging juvenile legal system in the United States
c.
Formation of child protection agencies
d.
Family structure and cohesion
28. Which generation is described as technology savvy, patriotic as a result of the 9/11 attacks, self-centered, and
irresponsible, as well as having an unrealistic view of how the work world functions?
a.
Generation Alpha
b.
Generation X
c.
Generation Y
d.
Generation Z
29. What family style is described by a father who rules with complete authority?
a.
Paternalistic
b.
Parens patriae
c.
Matriarchal
d.
Socialistic
30. It was reported that nationwide teenage birthrates have declined substantially during the past decade. Which of the
following groups has seen the largest decline?
a.
African American
b.
Asian
c.
Hispanic
d.
White
31. How does the government define poverty?
a.
$32,000 a year for a family of four
b.
$23,000 a year for a family of three
c.
$23,000 a year for a family of four
d.
$20,000 a year for a family of three
32. Joan is 16 years old and has a habit of staying out past curfew drinking with her friends; she was restricted to her room
several times over the summer by her parents as punishment for her behavior. Joan asked her parents if she could go to a
back-to-school party with her friends, promising that she would not drink and would be home before curfew. As it was
the end of the summer (and even though she was restricted to her room for staying out past her curfew and coming home
somewhat drunk the week before) her parents relented, knowing Joan may not keep her promise. Joan, after drinking with
her friends, drove home shortly after curfew. When she was almost home, there was an accident. While Joan suffered
very minor injuries, the neighbor’s home was not as lucky. Substantial property damage occurred as Joan drove across
the neighbor’s yard and through their garage door. In addition to demolishing the garage door, there was structural
damage to the house and the vehicle parked inside the garage was damaged, as well as the extensive landscaping in the
front yard. The airbag in Joan's car deployed, causing the insurance company to consider the car a total loss. The
neighbor brought a suit against Joan's parents for damages to their property. Considering parental liability statutes, under
which general category would the neighbor's actions fall?
a.
General involvement
b.
Criminal liability
c.
Delinquency liability
d.
Civil liability
33. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what was the primary method of discipline used by teachers to
discipline students for academic mistakes and moral lapses?
a.
Wearing a dunce hat
b.
Harsh looks
c.
Dispensed by the father
d.
Flogging
34. What was the name of the period that ushered in a new age for childhood and family?
a.
Democratic era
b.
Modern age
c.
Enlightenment
d.
Intellectual period
35. Which of the following refers to youths who are spread too thin, experience personal uncertainty, and place
themselves at the mercy of people who promise to give them a sense of identity they cannot develop for themselves?
a.
Ego confusion
b.
Role diffusion
c.
Conduct disorder
d.
Identity crisis
36. What is the single most effective preventive strategy against adult poverty?
a.
Avoid gangs
b.
Earn a college degree
c.
Avoid substance abuse
d.
Graduate from high school
37. Becoming a significant branch of the British legal system, what was created during the fifteenth century to oversee the
lives of minor children of the wealthy who were orphaned or unable to care for themselves?
a.
Parens patriae
b.
Chancery courts
c.
Poor Laws
d.
Dower system
38. How was the concept of parens patriae was first used by English kings?
a.
To intervene in the lives of children whose parents were peasants and unable to care for them
b.
To intervene in the lives of children who engaged in criminal acts
c.
To intervene in the lives of children whose position and property were of direct concern to the monarch
d.
To intervene in the lives of children who were intellectually challenged and could not care for themselves
39. Which of the following is more likely to be killed by firearms than are law enforcement officers killed in the line of
duty?
a.
Gang member
b.
Preschooler
c.
High school student
d.
Elementary school student
40. Which of the following refers to nineteenth-century reformers who developed programs for troubled youth?
a.
Red Cross
b.
Child savers
c.
Juvenile reform officers
d.
Moral reformers
41. In colonial America what legal avenue would permit a youth to be put to death if he or she could not be controlled by
his or her parents?
a.
Chancery Court Act
b.
Wayward Minors Act
c.
Parens Patriae Doctrine
d.
Massachusetts Stubborn Child Law
42. What philosophical viewpoint encourages the state to take control of wayward children and provide care, custody, and
treatment to remedy delinquent behavior?
a.
Best interests of the child
b.
Parens patriae
c.
Wayward Minors Act
d.
Child savers philosophy
43. Burke took a gun to school to show his friends and the gun went off, killing a classmate. Burke was not charged
because of his age. Under early English jurisprudence how old was Burke?
a.
6
b.
8
c.
7
d.
5
44. In what court case did an appellate court hold that a young child whose developmental immaturity may result in trial
incompetence despite the absence of any underlying mental or development abnormality, thus overruling prior case law
that held that children must have either a mental disorder or a developmental disability to be deemed incompetent to stand
trial?
a.
Miller v. Alabama
b.
In re Gault
c.
Timothy v. Superior Court
d.
Timothy v. California
45. What exception allows a judge to send a juvenile to a secure detention facility, in effect criminalizing a status offense?
a.
Waiver exception
b.
Violation of court order exception
c.
Redesgination exception
d.
Commitment exception
46. A number of states have experimented with what type of intervention to replace juvenile court jurisdiction over most
status offenses?
a.
Increased social control mechanisms such as curfews
b.
Mandatory family counseling
c.
Limiting jurisdiction to third strike status offenders
d.
Community-based treatment programs
47. Which of the following best defines the term "waiver"?
a.
The juvenile court equivalent of a guilty plea
b.
The dismissal of all charges that have been brought against a juvenile
c.
A judgment made by the juvenile court to imprison a delinquent
d.
The transferring of legal jurisdiction of juveniles from the juvenile to the adult court
48. The disparate findings in status offense research may be the result of the different types of status offenders. Which of
the following recommendations were offered in regard to the issue of status offenses?
a.
Divide status offenders into two main groups—first time offenders and chronic offenders
b.
Divide status offenders into three groups—first time offenders, chronic offenders, and those with delinquent as
well as status offense records
c.
Dissolve status offenses entirely because of inconsistent research findings
d.
Limit status offenses to first time offenders in order to receive early intervention
49. Which of the following terms refers to the practice of setting up a fictitious online profile, most often for the purpose
of luring another into a fraudulent romantic relationship?
a.
Phishing
b.
Astroturfing
c.
Cyberstalking
d.
Catfishing
50. What legal doctrine was enacted to alleviate the problems of child labor in the early nineteenth century by limiting the
hours children were permitted to work as well as the age at which they could begin to work?
a.
Child Labor Act
b.
Education and Work Act
c.
Factory Act
d.
Child Labor and Education Act
51. In Western culture, what was not considered as a distinct period of life until the late nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries?
52. What is the third leading cause of death among young people ages 15 to 24 in the United States?
