Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
In which body cavities are the lungs located?
1)
A)
pericardial, ventral, and thoracic
B)
pleural, dorsal, and abdominal
C)
mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral
D)
pleural, ventral, and thoracic
2)
The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________
anatomy.
2)
A)
developmental
B)
microscopic
C)
gross
D)
systemic
3)
The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.
3)
A)
palms turned posteriorly
B)
body erect
C)
thumbs pointed laterally
D)
arms at sides
4)
Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?
4)
A)
Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.
B)
Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
C)
It is considered the cause of most diseases.
D)
The internal environment is becoming more stable.
5)
Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.
5)
A)
98
B)
47
C)
37
D)
68
6)
Which of the following are survival needs of the body?
6)
A)
nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction
B)
water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement
C)
nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
D)
nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction
7)
What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?
7)
A)
to control body movement
B)
to keep the body’s blood sugar level high
C)
to maintain homeostasis
D)
to regulate excretion via the kidneys
8)
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?
8)
A)
sagittal
B)
frontal
C)
transverse
D)
median
9)
The posterior knee area is called ________.
9)
A)
popliteal
B)
crural
C)
sural
D)
antecubital
10)
Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person‘s brain?
10)
A)
DSA
B)
MRI
C)
PET
D)
X ray
11)
Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?
11)
A)
liver
B)
appendix
C)
stomach
D)
intestines
Explanation:
12)
Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?
12)
A)
cranial cavity
B)
thoracic cavity
C)
vertebral cavity
D)
spinal cord
13)
Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?
13)
A)
nervous
B)
muscular
C)
immune
D)
lymphatic
14)
A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific
functions for the body is a(n) ________.
14)
A)
organ
B)
complex cell
C)
complex tissue
D)
organ system
15)
The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body
weight, is ________.
15)
A)
hydrogen
B)
oxygen
C)
water
D)
protein
16)
The term pollex refers to the ________.
16)
A)
great toe
B)
fingers
C)
calf
D)
thumb
17)
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.
17)
A)
a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances
B)
the lowest possible energy usage
C)
a static state with no deviation from preset points
D)
a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
18)
An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the
bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.
18)
A)
metabolism
B)
responsiveness
C)
maintaining boundaries
D)
excretion of metabolic waste
19)
Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.
19)
A)
cells
B)
the gross structures of the body
C)
tissues
D)
cell chemistry
20)
Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?
20)
A)
maintenance of boundaries
B)
responsiveness to external stimuli
C)
movement
D)
decay
21)
An oblique cut is one that is cut ________.
21)
A)
diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes
B)
perpendicular to vertical and horizontal planes
C)
vertically right and left
D)
horizontally superior and inferior
22)
Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?
22)
A)
cardiovascular anatomy
B)
cardiovascular physiology
C)
systemic anatomy
D)
systemic physiology
23)
The cavities housing the eyes are called ________ cavities.
23)
A)
frontal
B)
orbital
C)
cranial
D)
nasal
24)
Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind?
24)
A)
dorsal
B)
distal
C)
anterior
D)
lateral
25)
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.
25)
A)
enhancement of labor contractions
B)
blood calcium level regulation
C)
regulating glucose levels in the blood
D)
body temperature regulation
26)
The anatomical position is used ________.
26)
A)
as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the
body
B)
for proper placement of a patient or a cadaver upon an operating table in order to reach all
major organs
C)
only when a body is lying down one one’s back rather than stomach
D)
rarely, because people don’t usually assume this position during waking moments
27)
Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.
27)
A)
Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the
internal walls of the heart.
B)
Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.
C)
Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space
between the two.
D)
Serosa are very thin, double–layered structures.
28)
The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?
28)
A)
brain
B)
intestines
C)
lungs
D)
liver
29)
Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy?
29)
A)
regional, surface, visual, and microscopic
B)
regional, systemic, and surface
C)
gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic
D)
gross, regional, dissection, and surface
30)
Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.
30)
A)
Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.
B)
Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.
C)
Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.
D)
Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
31)
In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?
31)
A)
right lower quadrant
B)
right upper quadrant
C)
left upper quadrant
D)
left lower quadrant
32)
The heart lies in the ________ cavity.
32)
A)
pleural
B)
superior mediastinal
C)
dorsal
D)
pericardial
33)
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?
33)
A)
regional
B)
frontal
C)
sagittal
D)
transverse
34)
Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:
1. molecules
2. atoms
3. tissues
4. cells
5. organs
34)
A)
1–2–4–3–5
B)
1–2–3–4–5
C)
2–1–4–3–5
D)
2–1–3–4–5
35)
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.
35)
A)
lining the thoracic cavity
B)
covering the heart
C)
lining the abdominal cavity
D)
covering individual lungs
36)
Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?
36)
A)
Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.
B)
Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host.
C)
Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
D)
Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.
37)
The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ____ cavity.
37)
A)
dorsal
B)
vertebral
C)
ventral
D)
cranial
E)
thoracic
38)
Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?
38)
A)
any sagittal plane except in the midline
B)
a transverse cut just above the knees
C)
two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves
D)
any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
39)
One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________.
39)
A)
indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
B)
sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
C)
the necessity for all organisms to reproduce
D)
the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger
40)
If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would
be the ________.
40)
A)
receptor
B)
variable
C)
effector
D)
control center
41)
Select the most correct statement.
41)
A)
Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.
B)
Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.
C)
The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.
D)
The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.
42)
What is the regional term for the hip region?
42)
A)
inguinal
B)
manus
C)
coxal
D)
pedal
43)
________ cavities are spaces within joints.
43)
A)
Nasal
B)
Oral
C)
Orbital
D)
Synovial
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
44)
What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?
44)
45)
What does gross anatomy study?
45)
Figure 1.2
Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
46)
Stimulus.
46)
47)
________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function.
47)
48)
The term that describes the neck region is ________.
48)
49)
What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?
49)
Figure 1.1
Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
50)
Abdominal cavity.
50)
51)
What is the goal of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?
51)
Figure 1.2
Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
52)
Response.
52)
53)
Why is anatomical terminology necessary?
53)
54)
The higher we go in the mountains, the greater the atmospheric pressure, resulting in an
increase in available oxygen. Comment on this statement.
54)
55)
Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be
continued at life–sustaining rates?
55)
Figure 1.1
Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
56)
Vertebral cavity.
56)
57)
________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the
function of specific organs or organic systems.
57)
58)
The heart is ________ to the arm.
58)
59)
The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of
hearing in the inner ear.
59)
Figure 1.1
Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
60)
Cranial cavity.
60)