118. _____ means extending the search for and commercializing new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization
and even beyond the boundaries of the industry.
119. A(n) _____ is a person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization.
120. The _____ role in organizational change involves providing a “reality test.“
121. A(n) _____ is a separate small, informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focuses on
breakthrough ideas for the business.
122. A(n) _____ is a unit separate from the rest of the organization and is responsible for developing and initiating a
major innovation.
123. _____ change is a major shift in the norms, values, attitudes, and mindset of the entire organization.
124. The application of behavioral science knowledge to improve an organization’s health and effectiveness is known as
_____ .
125. A type of OD intervention that enhances the cohesiveness of departments by helping members learn to function as
a team is called .
126. A type of OD intervention in which questionnaires on organizational climate and other factors are distributed among
employees and the results reported back to them by a change agent is called .
127. An approach that brings together participants from all parts of the organization (and may include key outside
stakeholders as well) to discuss problems or opportunities and plan for major change is called .
128. An OD specialist who contracts with an organization to facilitate change is called a(n) .
129. A step in the diagnosis stage of organizational development in which participants are made aware of problems in
order to increase their willingness to change their behavior is called .
130. A disparity between existing and desired performance levels is known as a(n) .
131. The second stage in Lewin’s change model, , occurs when individuals experiment with new behavior and
learn new skills to be used in the workplace.
132. _____ symbolizes to all employees that the change is important for the organization.
133. List the three distinct steps for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change.
134. List the four reasons why employees tend to resist change.
135. List the five specific tactics that can be used to overcome employee resistance to change.
136. What is organizational change and what are two major areas of change in organizations?
137. Describe the three innovative strategies for new products and technologies.
138. Explain the horizontal linkage model.
139. Describe the five characteristics of creative people and organizations.
140. Name and briefly describe the four roles in championing an idea for organizational change.
141. Describe the three distinct stages for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change in an organization.
142. Explain the concept of force field analysis.
143. Describe the tactics for overcoming resistance to change.